Why are local residents a vulnerable group in tourism development?

Balance of interests is a necessary condition for building a harmonious society. The development of tourism in tourist destinations has greatly changed the local interest pattern, which will have a certain impact on the social harmony of tourist destinations. Based on the analysis of the relationship between harmonious society and interest balance, this paper takes Heshun ancient town in Tengchong County as an example to study the relationship between interest balance of tourist destinations and building a harmonious society.

Keywords: balance of interests in tourist destinations, stakeholders in a harmonious society

Balance of interests is a necessary condition for a harmonious society.

Balance of interests is a necessary condition to maintain a harmonious state. As far as China's current national conditions are concerned, the most basic meaning of building a harmonious socialist society is to form a generally balanced interest pattern. If it is out of balance, building a harmonious socialist society will become "cooking without rice". The core of a harmonious society is the balance of interests among all classes, and the conflict of interests is the biggest challenge to social harmony. Only when interests are balanced can we build a harmonious society.

Analysis on the Relationship between the Charming Land and Heshun Core Stakeholders

Study the basic situation of the area. Heshun Town is located in Tengchong County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, with a land area of 17.4 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 3 village committees and 2 1 villagers' groups. At the end of 2008, there were 65,438 households with 6,389 people, and overseas Chinese18,000 people, mainly distributed in Myanmar, Thailand and the United States. Tracing back to history, Heshun has a history of 626 years. It was originally named "Yang Wendun", but it was renamed "Heshun" because the river flows around the village, and it was later refined into "Heshun", which means "harmony and smoothness". In 2005, Heshun won the honorary titles of "the first charming town in China", "the national beautiful town", "the national 4A scenic spot" and "the national famous historical and cultural town".

Analysis of different core stakeholders and their relationships in Heshun Ancient Town. Stakeholders involved in tourism mainly include local governments, tourism enterprises, community residents, tourists, environmental protection departments and media departments. However, these stakeholders are not equal to the tourist destination, and their influence is not equal. Local government, community residents, tourism enterprises and tourists have a decisive influence on the survival and development of tourist destinations, and they belong to core stakeholders, environmental protection departments, media and other stakeholders.

The idea of tourism development of Heshun town government is "government guidance, enterprise participation, market operation, and people enjoying benefits". Therefore, the government only plays a macro-control role in the tourism development of Heshun ancient town. The government must consider the overall and coordinated development of local society, economy, culture and environment while increasing fiscal revenue through the development of tourism. As a tourism developer of Heshun, An Baili Heshun Tourism Culture Development Co., Ltd. has the most direct interest relationship with Heshun. The interests of businessmen and the government are different. The former pays more attention to microeconomic interests. The government should not only develop the economy, but also realize the coordinated development of all aspects of society.

In the tourism system, community residents are not only stakeholders, but also a part of the social environment, and even an important part of humanistic tourism resources; It is not only the beneficiary of the positive impact brought by the development of tourism, but also the undertaker of the negative impact brought by tourism. However, due to the limitations of local residents' own cultural quality and technical level, the government often does not trust them to fully participate in tourism activities. Whether it is land expropriation or policies on the development of Heshun tourism, Heshun residents should have the right to know and participate, but in fact these rights have basically not been exercised. In this case, there is no interest related to rights.

Tourism destination is the residence of community residents, some of whom have lived and lived here for generations. Tourism must provide them with material and spiritual compensation, satisfy their interests and let them actively participate in tourism activities. Local residents are not only participants in tourism development, but also beneficiaries. The development of Heshun tourism by An Baili Heshun Tourism Culture Development Co., Ltd. has not only brought positive effects to community residents, but also brought some negative effects.

Tourists are the main body and foundation of tourism activities and the demanders of tourism products. Without tourists, there would be no tourism activities, let alone tourism. Tourists are more concerned about whether the activities and services they enjoy are equal to the value they pay, whether their body and mind are relaxed, and whether their curiosity is satisfied.

Community residents play many roles in the tourism system, such as operators and managers, and their participation and support determine the development of local tourism. Community residents are the main body of tourism destination image and play an important role in the establishment and publicity of tourism destination image. Their attitude and behavior towards tourists will directly affect the tourist experience and the quality of experience at the destination, and then affect the feelings and impressions of tourists on the destination.

In short, the interests of the core stakeholders in Heshun Ancient Town are different. The core interests of tourism enterprises and community residents belong to economic interests, while the core interests of tourists belong to non-economic interests. The core interests of Heshun government are both economic and non-economic. Only by respecting and realizing the interests of these core stakeholders can Heshun achieve sustained and stable development.

Establishment of interest balance mechanism

Tengchong county's per capita GDP in 2007 was $866, and in 2008 it was 1 128? Hey? Well, according to international experience, Tengchong County has entered the transition period from post-industrialization to modernization, namely "golden development" period and "prominent contradictions" period. If the social interest problems existing in development can be handled well in this period, it will be the golden development period of Tengchong County, but if it is not handled well, it will hinder the development of Tengchong County. Heshun ancient town is a famous scenic spot in Tengchong county, and it is also very close to Tengchong county. Its development will affect the overall development of Tengchong County.

Establish an interest coordination review body. From the survey of Heshun core stakeholders, all stakeholders agree that the government has the greatest right in the current tourism industry, and it is also the macro-controller and supervisor of local development, so the establishment of interest coordination and deliberation mechanism should be led by the government. When making a major decision on the tourism development of Heshun Ancient Town, the interest coordination deliberative body should investigate and interview all relevant stakeholders, understand their needs and opinions, and respect and take care of the interests of community residents. The deliberation organ shall be composed of government department staff, representatives of tour operators, representatives of community residents and tourists. The deliberative body also needs to discuss and sort out the collected information, summarize the views of various stakeholders, seek possible cooperation opportunities and coordination channels on the basis of several important principles, and formulate overall development goals. This goal should include the government's macro goal, social comprehensive benefit goal, specific scenic spot development goal, community interest goal, tourist satisfaction, etc., to form a comprehensive macro development goal. This can facilitate the coordination and supervision of the interests of all parties and realize the dynamic balance of interests.

Establish and improve the protection mechanism for the interests of vulnerable groups. From the survey, in the development of Heshun tourism, tourists and community residents are in a weak position compared with the government and tourism enterprises in terms of benefits and rights, among which tourists are the weakest. But both of them play an important role in the supply and demand of Heshun tourism, and tourists are the "parents" of local tourism development. Therefore, it is very important to meet their interests in the development of Heshun tourism, but they are often excluded from the decision-making of Heshun tourism development. In order to ensure the sustainable development of tourism, it is very important to establish a mechanism to protect the interests of community residents and tourists. Community participation in tourism development has become an important content and an indispensable link in the sustainable development of tourism. Therefore, in tourism planning, it is necessary to do a good job in ensuring that community residents give priority to the distribution of economic benefits, so that residents can become beneficiaries rather than victims of tourism development, so that community residents can feel tangible benefits, which is conducive to tourism development.

Improve the relevant system of interest expression, and establish and improve the interest expression mechanism of all stakeholders. Smooth interest expression mechanism is the basis of interest integration and coordination mechanism, so to properly coordinate the interest relationship between different stakeholders, we must first establish a smooth interest expression mechanism. To establish and improve a smooth interest expression mechanism is to enable ordinary people to express their voices and let their voices be conveyed to decision makers through smooth channels. For example, open the mayor's reception day and implement it; Establish and develop non-governmental organizations such as associations, trade organizations and social intermediary organizations; Actively explore the forms of community residents' participation in tourism and public policy formulation, so that major issues and important public policies can fully listen to and reflect the interests of different stakeholders. Establishing and perfecting the smooth interest expression mechanism of all stakeholders can provide normal expression channels for stakeholders with different interests, so that different opinions and dissatisfaction can be fully vented, and contradictions and conflicts can be prevented from deepening, thus achieving social harmony.

Establish a fair and reasonable interest adjustment mechanism to achieve a win-win situation with all core stakeholders. A harmonious society should be a society in which various interests are balanced and coordinated. Maintaining social harmony, in the final analysis, is to adjust people's interests, coordinate conflicts of interests, and reflect social fairness. Establish a fair and reasonable interest adjustment mechanism, the initial distribution of social interests is based on the market, and adjust the interest relationship among core stakeholders through various adjustment methods to provide an equal competition environment for social members with different roles; In the secondary distribution of society, the government should adjust its interests through various means under the principle of fairness and rationality. At the same time, because the government is also one of the core stakeholders in the development of Heshun tourism, other three parties, especially community residents and tourism enterprises, can supervise the government's distribution behavior in order to organize the secondary distribution more fairly and reasonably. From the interview, we know that there are some dissatisfaction among the four core stakeholders of Heshun tourism development. If these dissatisfaction are not well released, it will become a "chemical reaction" and form a conflict of interest. Among the stakeholders of Heshun, every subject hopes that his own interests can be satisfied, but in practice, it is impossible to 100% satisfy all stakeholders. In the process of the four-party game, although there is inequality in the status of the game, the interests of all parties cannot be based on sacrificing the interests of the other three parties. All stakeholders should not only try their best to safeguard their own interests, but also make corresponding compromises and concessions to maximize everyone's long-term interests. So the final result of the game should be to reach Nash equilibrium and win * * *.