Yuping History

1. The history of Yuping

Yuping - the hometown of flutes and flutes, is one of the five Dong autonomous counties in the country.

It has a total area of ??517 square kilometers, governs four towns and two townships, and has a population of 142,000, of which Dong people account for 89% of the total population. It belongs to the west and is known as the "Gateway to Eastern Guizhou". It is the east gate of Guizhou Province, the "bridgehead" of Guizhou's "Eastern Connection" development strategy, and the transportation junction between Central South and Southwest.

Zhuzhou-Liuzhou double-track railway, National Highway 320 (highway), and Provincial Highway 201 (high-grade highway) pass through the territory, forming a transportation network that extends in all directions with the crisscrossing county, township, and village roads. , and achieved road access to every village. Yuping Railway Station is the return section between Chengdu Railway Bureau and Guangzhou Railway Bureau. Dalong Cargo Station is one of the three major cargo stations in the Guizhou section of the Hunan-Guizhou Line. Yuping and Dalong Stations bear the responsibility of connecting three provinces and cities and five places (states). Collection and distribution of people and materials in seven counties (cities).

Mild climate: The county is located in the transition zone from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the hills of western Hunan. There are flat lands between low mountains and hills, with an altitude of mostly between 400 and 600 meters. It has a humid subtropical monsoon climate, with winter There is no severe cold or scorching heat in summer, so it is suitable to develop breeding and breeding industries. The ethnic customs are strong and charming.

There are charming Dong folk songs, dances, antiphonal songs, painted crotch fights and other folk cultural activities. Water resources: There are 36 large and small rivers including Wuyang River, with a total length of 274 kilometers, water energy reserves of 49,300 kilowatts, and a developable capacity of 39,900 kilowatts, of which only 40% is currently developed.

Mineral resources: There are abundant reserves of more than 30 kinds of barite, limestone, calcite, pyrite, marble, lead, zinc, manganese, etc. Mountain resources: There are more than 200,000 acres of barren hills suitable for forestry and animal husbandry that can be developed.

Famous and special products such as big chestnut, flute, horn cane, seedless glutinous persimmon, persimmon cake, and tea are well-known both inside and outside the province. Land and resources: The county's land area is 517 square kilometers, the cultivated land area is 5,700 hectares, and the per capita cultivated land area is 0.81 acres.

The land is fertile, with six soil types: yellow soil, red soil, lime soil, purple soil, fluvoid soil and paddy soil. There are still more than 200,000 acres of wasteland suitable for forestation and grassland suitable for grazing in the county for development. Climate resources: Subtropical monsoon humid climate is warm, with no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer.

The annual average relative temperature is 79%, the annual precipitation is 1174.1 mm, and the annual sunshine hours are 1206.7 hours. Tourism resources: There are county-level cultural relics such as the ancient city wall, Bell and Drum Tower, Yinshan Academy, Qixing Bridge, Dong Fengyu Bridge, and scenic spots such as Eight Immortals Rock, Wanjuan Book Cliff, Baishui Cave Waterfall, Hejiatan Power Station, Wuyang River Tourism Development Project It has passed the provincial level demonstration and has unique Dong customs.

There are more than 20 large and small reservoirs in the county. There are 2 water plants in the county, one of which is a 10,000-ton water plant. There is sufficient water for urban domestic water and industrial and agricultural production. There are 7 small hydropower stations and 1 thermal power plant in the county (the plant is undergoing expansion and reconstruction of 2*300,000 KW), with a current installed capacity of 47,000 KW.

There are one 500, 220, 110, and 35 kV substations each. The network operation with the provincial power grid and the national power grid has been realized, the power supply rate of the whole county has reached 100%, and the transformation of the rural power grid has been completed.

Yuping is the main outlet and support point for the implementation of the west-to-east electricity transmission project developed by Western University in Guizhou. It is one of the rural electrification counties in the country. Compared with coastal areas, water supply and power supply have the advantage of low prices.

Several major economic indicators have entered the advanced ranks of Tongren area, and Tongren area has taken the lead in entering the stage of industrialization. Some indicators are already higher than the average level of the province. The proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the national economy is 24.6:47.2:28.2, and the output value of industrial enterprises above designated size accounts for one-half of Tongren area. Agriculture has moved from traditional agriculture to commercial agriculture, and the rural economy has developed towards diversification.

In terms of agriculture, on the basis of stable grain production, hybrid rice seed production, lean pigs, citrus, chestnut, persimmon, tea, Camellia oleifera, and nursery bases have been initially formed. In terms of industry, a relatively complete industrial system has been formed in electric power, building materials, chemicals, smelting, machinery, machine repair, hardware, clothing, brewing, food and other categories.

The non-public economy is developing rapidly, and taxes paid account for about 40% of local fiscal revenue. 2. Who are the celebrities in the history of Yuping Dong Autonomous County?

The following two brothers have served as magistrates in Yuping County~~~

Duan Yucai: courtesy name Ruoying (1735- 1815), he was named Maotang. In his later years, he was also known as Yanbei Jushi, Changtanghu Jushi, and Qiao Wu Lao Lao. A native of Jintan, Jiangsu Province. A famous literary exegesis and classics scholar in the Qing Dynasty. In the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong's reign (1760), he failed repeatedly in the provincial examination and the metropolitan examination. In the 35th year of Qianlong's reign (1770), the Ministry of Civil Affairs was granted the title of Magistrate of Yuping County in Guizhou, and later the Magistrate of Fushun, Nanxi and Wushan in Sichuan. After 10 years, he complained of illness and returned to his hometown. At the age of 58, he moved to Zhizhiyuan outside Changmen, Suzhou. When Duan Yucai was in Beijing, he was taught by Dai Zhen and got acquainted with scholars such as Qian Daxin, Shao Jinhan, and Yao Nai. After returning home, he had to interact with Liu Taigong, Wang Zhong, Jin Bang and others. At the age of 55, he went to the capital for the second time and met Wang Niansun and Wang Yinzhi, their father and son. They discussed phonology and exegesis, and they found a good match. Sinology flourished during the Qianjia and Qianjia periods, and the Duan and Wang families made great contributions in terms of phonology and exegesis.

Duan Yucai read a lot of books and wrote extensively. He studied Confucian classics to manage primary schools. In the scope of primary school, text exegesis is also governed by phonology. The foundation is solid and profound. Duan Yucai was very fond of classics, he liked to teach exegesis and textual research, and he was extremely knowledgeable. Among the books written by Duan Yucai, "Shuowen Jiezi Annotation" must be recommended as the best. He is also good at poetry and prose, including twelve volumes of "Jingyunlou Collection", "Six Books Phonetic Table", "The Book of Songs Primary School", "Old Classics and Documents", "Zhou Li Han Reading Examination", "Yili Chinese Reading Examination" , "Jiguge Shuowen Ding", "Shuowen Jiezi Annotation" and "Jingyunlou Collection" and other books are also quite elegant and supportive. Duan Yucai Memorial Hall was built in 1984 and is located in Yuchi in the south scenic area of ??Jintan City.

Zhang Shu (1776-1847), a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, was born in Wuwei County, Liangzhou Prefecture (now Wuwei County, Liangzhou Prefecture). Wuwei City) people.

Zhang Shu lost his mother when he was young and studied under the guidance of his scholar father. Later, he studied under the famous teacher Liu Zuoyuan and made rapid progress. He won the imperial examination at the age of 19 and Jinshi at the age of 24. He was selected as a scholar of the Hanlin Academy and became the magistrate of Yuping County, Guizhou Province two years later. Later, he successively acted as the magistrate of Zunyi County, the magistrate of Guangshun Prefecture (now Changshun County, Guizhou), the magistrate of Pingshan County in Sichuan Province, the magistrate of Xingwen, Dazu, Tongliang and Nanxi counties, the magistrate of Yongxin County in Jiangxi Province, and the magistrate of Linjiang Tongpan of the Mansion (now Xilinjiang Town, Qingjiang County, Jiangxi Province), and magistrate of Huxi County (now Zixi County, Jiangxi Province). Zhang Peng had an upright character and was meticulous in his work. He argued with his superiors in official documents, thus offending many superiors, and his official career was not smooth. As his friend commented, "With the son's meticulousness and fruitfulness, the writings should be passed down; with the son's directness and strictness, the officialdom is not suitable." In a minor official position, his lofty ambitions to govern the country and bring peace to the world were difficult to achieve. accomplish. In 1830, Zhang Shu resigned due to illness, ending his official career. In 1832, he returned to Xi'an and lived in Hele Lane in the city. From then on, he further engaged in academic research, compiled and published his own works, and became an influential scholar in the country. Later, he suffered from eye disease and eventually became blind. There is a biography in "Manuscript of Qing History: Biography of Wenyuan".

Zhang Shu wrote a lot in his life. His published works include "Looking for the Origin of Surnames", "Disputing Mistakes of Surnames", "Records of Surnames in Xixia", "Continued Book of Guizhou", "Sichuan Code", and "Dazu County Chronicles" ", "Collected Works of Yang Su Tang", "Collected Poems of Yang Su Tang", "Er You Tang Series", "Collected Works of Marquis Zhongwu of Zhuge", "Preparatory Records of Liangzhou Prefecture", etc.; unpublished works mainly include "Preface to Poems", "Records of Surnames in the History of the Yuan Dynasty", "Emperor Century" Collection, "Continued with Dunhuang Records", "Micro Poems of the Magpie Wilderness", "Guide to Characters", "One Acquisition of Rhyme", "Primary School Identification", "Character Overlay", "A Glance at Astronomy", "Xiao Xia Lu", etc. Zhang Xie's lost compilation work generally included influential works by scholars from the ancient Guanlong area that were lost to later generations. His "Eryoutang Series" is now collected by major libraries in China, and most of the collections include authors from Gansu.

Among them, there are more than 20 kinds of engraved works such as "Shiben", "Sanfu Juelu", "Sanqin Ji", "Sanfu Old Stories", "Sanfu Stories" and "Wuliang Old News". , are all works from Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang and other periods. They have been lost in later generations and were compiled by Zhang Shu. These works of Zhang Shu can help us understand the grand situation of Northwest scholars' writings at that time. Zhang Shu's compilation work was unique at the time and had a significant impact on that time and later. Lu Xun was one of the scholars who was deeply influenced by Zhang Bo in terms of compilation.

Zhang Shu’s research fields are very wide, and his academic achievements have been fully recognized by scholars. For example, Zhang Zhidong, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, listed him as a Confucian scholar and historian in his "Bibliographic Answers" writer and epigrapher. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Gu Tinglin established a textual research style, which changed academic thinking. However, scholars in the Northwest are mostly conservative and cannot follow the academic trend. During the reign of Jiaqing and Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Shu was the only scholar in the northwest who was proficient in classics and history. He collected lost documents, researched them, and engaged in the work of compilation and textual research. He kept pace with famous scholars in the country such as Sun Xingyan, Ren Dachun, and Yu Quyuan. Made an indelible contribution to the academic world. 3. What is the historical origin of the jade-screen flute?

The jade-screen flute is also called "flat flute and jade flute". Because there are many exquisitely carved dragon and phoenix patterns on the flute, it is also called "dragon flute and phoenix flute".

According to records, the flat flute system was created by Zheng Weifan during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1619), while the jade flute was created in the fifth year of the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty (1727). Flat flutes and jade flutes are often given as gifts or collected by people, and are listed as one of the "Three Treasures of Guizhou" together with Maotai liquor.

The record of the Yuping Xiao was first seen in the "Yuping County Chronicle" written by Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty: "The Ping Xiao was inherited from Zheng, a native of the city, and its sound is clearer and clearer. Those who are good at music are said to have undiminished Feng Sheng.

"As for the origin of the jade flute, there are two sayings circulating among the Dong people in Yuping: "Immortals come to Yuping to leave ancient tunes, and guests come from overseas to visit their close friends." It is said that 300 years ago, a Taoist who claimed to be the "Deer Skin Immortal" in ancient times traveled to Yuping. He fell in love with the beautiful water, green mountains, lush bamboos and abundant forests, so he stopped and met a local Dong man named Zheng. Talented men form irreversible friends.

The Taoist is good at music and music, and whenever he has feelings for it, he will express his interest in silk and bamboo. However, although there are many beautiful bamboos in the local area, there are no flutes.

One day he picked a bamboo from the mountain, made it into a flute and played it, causing his close friends to scream. Soon the Taoist was going to travel to a foreign country, so he passed on the flute-making skills to his friend surnamed Zheng.

From then on, the Zheng family began to make and sell flutes.

Since then, flutes have been produced in Yuping.

There are no anecdotes about the jade screen flute among the people. However, according to the Zheng family and their colleagues in the flute industry who have kept their business for a long time, the Zheng family uses local water bamboo to make flutes. It does not wrap silk or paint, but only white wax, retaining the original color of the bamboo.

The style is novel and unique, and the sound is far superior to the bamboo flutes produced in the north and south. Therefore, it was named "Jade Flute" after the "jade" in Yuping in my hometown. According to the theory of "melody picture theory" in "Harmony Ming Sheng" written by his father, he paired the flutes and flutes, collectively known as "Ping Xiao Jade Flute".

Zheng, who loves music, regards the skill of making flutes as a family heirloom and sticks to his business from generation to generation. Therefore, Zheng's flutes have become famous during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, jade screen flutes They were all ordered as tribute by the royal family and presented to the court. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, the descendants of the Zheng family were forced to sell flutes to make ends meet due to their family's depression. From then on, they began to monopolize flat flutes and put them up for sale.

Later, because the supply of products exceeded the demand, they began to break the rules of direct inheritance, recruit apprentices to teach their skills, and expand the scale of production. By the time of the Anti-Japanese War, the production of Yuping flutes and flutes had developed greatly. In the urban area alone, there were more than 30 flute and flute shops with more than 80 practitioners.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, jade-screen flutes and flutes were listed as tributes and were favored by the royal family. Among the people, people often use it to express their pure feelings and yearning for beautiful things. Bodies and friends often give it to each other as treasures, while lovers and newlyweds use it as a token of love and a symbol of a good marriage. symbol.

The dragon and phoenix patterns carved on the jade screen flute are said to be based on the love myth of Xiao Shi Nong who played the jade flute to attract the phoenix to his friend. The jade-screen flutes are usually paired with male and female, and when played, they are subtle and meaningful.

The male and female flutes play together, just like lovers singing to each other, full of interest, so it is also known as the "divine flute and fairy flute". 4. What is the historical origin of the Yuping flute?

There is such a popular legend in Yuping.

The Zheng family, who moved from Shandong Province to settle down in Pingxi (now Yuping), was nicknamed "Buqishanren" and once visited Zhenyuan to visit relatives and friends. One day, I met an old Taoist with gray hair and childish face. I immediately respected him, chatted with him, and became close friends.

The old Taoist claimed that he had read poetry and books since he was a child. Because of his disillusionment with the world, he became a monk and became a monk, hiding his name and traveling around the world. Zheng respected him very much and invited the old Taoist fellow to visit him at his home in Pingxi.

Seeing that Zheng was a loyal man, the old Taoist agreed generously. The old Taoist fell seriously ill when he came to the Zheng family. The Zheng family treated him like a family member, making soups and medicines and caring for him diligently.

After Lao Dao recovered from his illness, the two often went out to visit the city. One day, while visiting Yuping Peak in the north of the city, I saw Han Xiangzi, Lu Dongbin, Zhang Guolao and other Eight Immortals floating in from the eastern sky on auspicious clouds, sitting on Shilian Peak, playing and singing.

The two of them hurried to Shilian Peak and saw the county fairy playing music and riding on the clouds. The two searched for the footprints of the Eight Immortals and found a sacred flute, which belonged to Han Xiangzi. They waited until the sun set and saw no immortal return, so they had to take the sacred flute home.

The next day, I went to Feifeng Mountain in the southwest of the city and saw green bamboos all over the mountain. The old Taoist selected two phoenix-tailed water bamboos and brought them back to make a pair of flutes and flutes. The male and female match each other, and the tunes are gentle and quiet.

To thank the Zheng family for their kindness, the Taoist taught the Zheng family the skills of making flutes. The Zheng family, who was elegant and good at music, was overjoyed and regarded it as a family heirloom, so it was passed down from generation to generation and kept in the business for generations to come.

After the Taoist taught the Zheng family the skill of making flutes and flutes, he said goodbye to the Zheng family and traveled around. The old Taoist travels to the capital. On a clear moonlit night, he sits on the city tower and plays the flute made in Pingxi.

The sound of the flute was carried into the palace by the wind. The emperor, who was admiring the moon in the imperial garden, was intoxicated by the fluttering and silky sound of the flute. It was precisely "This song should only exist in heaven, not in the world." How many times can I hear it?" The emperor hurriedly called the guards out of the palace to look for the flute player, but there was no trace of him and his whereabouts were unknown.

Later, it was found out that the flute played in the place was made by the Zheng family of Pingxi Wei at the junction of Guizhou and Chu. The emperor sent people to Pingxi and ordered the Zheng family to pay tribute to the flute every year. Among the tribute flutes, flat flutes made according to the style of sacred flutes are the most precious.

Later generations of flute successors respected the Eight Immortals and the Taoist Masters as their immortal masters. Such hymns are often engraved on the flute: "The immortals come to Yuping to leave ancient tunes, and the guests come from overseas to visit their close friends."

.