Appreciate a flower that will never age.

This set of music is the representative work of Guan Hanqing's Sanqu. The whole song shows the talent of writing books with vivid metaphors and has a spicy and humorous style of folk songs. "I am a copper pea, which can't be steamed, boiled, pounded, fried or exploded." This is a self-portrait of Guan Hanqing's tenacious character. It is this character that made him engage in the creation of zaju all his life and wrote one great work after another. Bai Pu's words and songs are another style. He generally pays attention to artistic conception and can set off the psychology of characters by depicting things harmoniously with scenery. Although many works also expressed in my heart forever's sadness, there were few common faults of frivolous vulgarity in Sanqu at that time, and the words were beautiful and poetic.

According to Wen Qu, this divertimento is considered after middle age. At that time, the Yuan and Mongolian nobles discriminated against the Han scholars, and the war led to a bumpy life for the people. In addition, the abolition of the imperial examination also hindered their career. As a result, most intellectuals in the early Yuan Dynasty were incompetent and "depressed" and reduced to the point of "eight prostitutes, nine men and ten beggars". At the same time of the rapid differentiation of literati groups, Guan Hanqing chose his own independent lifestyle. In particular, the vicissitudes of life and Goulan's life experience have enabled him to develop a more mature personality, that is, to break through the barriers of the two traditional literati life modes of "seeking an official position" and "retiring"; That is, dare to compare a living person with the whole feudal norm; That is to say, it embodies a new life consciousness of "heaven and earth have opened, and there have been immortals and ghosts since ancient times" (preface to Zhong Sicheng's ghost book). It is in this divertimento that the poet's brush strokes bring readers into such a profound spiritual world.

In the first song [A Flower], the poet rendered the romantic prodigal son and romantic life with strong colors. The phrase "climbing flowers and folding branches and willows" all implies prostitutes, while "climbing flowers and folding willows" refers to courting prostitutes despised by the secular world. The poet consciously hangs his pen unabashedly, which just reflects his contempt for feudal norms and cynicism about life. So the poet used six "flowers" and six "willows" in one breath in the first nine-sentence short poem. "Flowers climb the red core and the willows fold the green strips"-meaning: to climb the flowers and fold the willows, climb the tender red core and fold the soft green strips.

"With my hands, I will be defeated." -this is a romantic means to show him. The romantic and indulgent life interest in Goulan brothel inevitably exposes some bad habits of ordinary people. The poet's mood is essentially a mockery of secular ideas and an affirmation of free life. "The prodigal son returns to his romantic life" is his evaluation of himself. The "prodigal son", originally a bohemian image, has a feeling of being unwilling to be humiliated and bent on his own way, so the sentence is: "Half a lifetime is a flower, and a lifetime is a flower." "Half-life Fate" is the poet's summary of his career of "occasionally worshiping the superior and never leaving" (Preface to Yuan Qu). "All his life" means what he wants to pursue deliberately in this life.

With the change of qupai, the low tone in Overture suddenly became clear and high: "I am the leader of the world prodigal son." "Lang Jun" and "prodigal son" generally refer to a playboy who hangs out with prostitutes. The secular concept regards it as derogatory, and regards the book club people who associate with geisha as non-class. Guan Hanqing, on the other hand, belittled it as praise and did the opposite, calling himself "the length of a husband" and "the length of a prodigal son". It is not difficult to find that in this seemingly witty way, there are also mockery of the dark reality and admiration for the value of self-existence. However, the inhuman experience in reality, after all, has also produced "ten drinks are very sad and resentful" ("New Water Order"), which is also the reason why "I hope Zhu Yan will not change his usual habits and forget his worries in flowers and wine". However, once intoxicated with the free and happy life atmosphere of "dividing tea into bamboo, beating horses and hiding lots, and being familiar with the five tones and six methods", I suddenly feel "very carefree?" Then, the poet showed all kinds of life in the romantic field with three serial sentences, and the satisfaction and self-happiness caused by it: I was with a singer, fiddling with the zither strings in front of the dresser, smiling knowingly, and letting us lean comfortably on the screen; I once kept company with a beautiful woman, and it was really sweet to carry that white hand. We climbed the tall building side by side, how jubilant it was; I used to be a dancer, and there was a song called Jin Lou Yi, which was really touching. I took the glass and filled it with wine and wine. In the poem, the author deliberately chooses a recurring narrative form, and enthusiastically shows that kind of free and unrestrained life interest, thus showing his extremely distinctive attitude towards life. So when someone comforted him to "take a rest when he is old", the poet flatly denied: "More exquisite and transparent." "Occupy ostentation and extravagance" is a special term for China traditional operas and artistic performances in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Obviously, Guan Hanqing regards "ostentation and extravagance" as the top of "fame and fortune", no longer referring to excessive rhetoric such as chasing prostitutes, but seriously taking "making up zaju and writing lyrics" as his career and ideal. It is also based on this that he is "more exquisite and transparent", which shows his determination not to succumb to old age. However, people are getting old after all, so the phrase "every child" in Gewei vaguely reveals a trace of sadness. "Every child is a rabbit lamb born in a thatched hill and a sand nest, and he goes to the paddock (hunting place, here refers to a brothel)", and "I" is already "shrouded in the net", but the sadness at this moment quickly disappears with the emotional impulse. All this is just a "sniper's shot in the nest", and the poet "never falls behind". So, although he said that "people must rest in middle age", how can I waste the spring and autumn? "-once again expressed the poet's firm belief that he cherishes time and is willing to die for his ideal.

The first three songs only reflect the poet's external mentality in emotional turmoil. In the last song, the mood of the prodigal son came to a climax, and the poet's inner spiritual strength forced him to come: "I am a copper pea that can't be steamed, boiled, beaten, fried or cracked." "Copper pea" was originally made by a brothel in the Yuan Dynasty for an old customer, but here the poet skillfully used puns to decorate the "copper pea" with five strings of words describing plant beans, thus giving it the characteristics of perseverance and struggle with the world. Using this technique, it is bold and provocative, and accurately shows the character of "copper pea". In fact, these long sentences are made up of a series of three-character short sentences arranged in an orderly way, giving people the feeling of combining long and short sentences and being relaxed. In these five layers, there is a kind of anxiety and unyielding, and there is a kind of anger and dissatisfaction that collides with traditional norms. When people are destroyed and suppressed by reality, the poet's yearning for himself will inevitably turn into a sad and helpless mood. The word "Who taught you" typically shows Guan Hanqing's sympathy for the romantic children and the painful spasm caused by his fall into a brothel. Here, Guan Hanqing shows a spirit: his persistence in freedom, his pursuit of life, his anger, his struggle and his laughter are the echoes of this spirit of not regretting his death. It is precisely because of the poet's strong dissatisfaction with the reality of the dark society and his resolute uncooperative attitude towards the ruling class that Guan Hanqing boasted in extreme language about his talented life as a completely civil book club: "I can also go, play cuju, encircle, cut corners, sing and dance, play and swallow, and sing poetry." In this bold and slightly exaggerated writing, in this talent display, there is actually a deep pride, a confidence in personal wisdom and strength under the suppression of feudal concepts. At this point, the poet's brush strokes changed again, and the emotional tone of the whole song reached the strongest tone on the basis of lofty sentiments: "You just lost my tooth, crooked my mouth, crippled my leg and broke my hand, and God gave me these symptoms, but you still refused to rest in peace!" Then, in addition to the call of Yan himself, ghosts and gods will come to hook themselves, and three souls will return to the underworld, and seven souls will lose the underworld. Oh, my God, in the meantime, I won't walk on the fireworks road! "Since he has a firm belief in life, he dares to despise all pain and even death; Since life belongs to people themselves, we should complete life according to our own ideals and firmly "go to the road of fireworks." This pursuit of the eternal value of life and the denial of death as the end of the meaning of life are the spiritual strength of humor and optimism in the poem.

In art, the biggest feature of this Sanqu is the addition of a large number of lining words, and the clever use of parallelism and string sentences, which has produced an artistic appeal of boring charm. For example, the sentence "You just lost my tooth" in the [tail] song, a flowing group of lines naturally caused the rhythm of emotional agitation, which was rapid, rough and sonorous, and strongly expressed the poet's tenacious determination to "walk on the road of fireworks". The addition of interlining breaks through the limitation of the number of words, so that the number of words in the melody can increase or decrease freely with the reciprocating melody, which better solves the contradiction between the neat and monotonous number of words in the poem and the complex change of music rhythm and melody. At the same time, interlining also has the function of making the language colloquial and popular, and making the meaning of songs humorous and lively. The whole song goes straight down, but there are several twists and turns. The emotional meditation places such as "pause" and "everything rests" in Sanqu cards are often places where the writing style is ups and downs and the strength is dark. Reading it is like seeing the Three Gorges beating waves, and it has a magnificent and rhythmic aesthetic feeling.

This set of Sanqu not only reflected Guan Hanqing's life in the streets and brothels, but also called himself a "prodigal son", which became a bold declaration against the feudal social value system. The tradition of scholar-officials clearly means "provocation". This life choice is certainly caused by the specific historical environment, but Guan Hanqing's self-report is full of high-spirited and humorous emotions, which is very valuable compared with the literati's psychology of being attached to political power. Guan Hanqing is not only a prodigal son. On the one hand, he advocated that "life is more important than comfort" and that "eat, drink and be merry in time". At the same time, he showed strong concern for society and sympathy and praise for the oppressed weak in society, which was very different from the attitude of caring for the people shown by many literati with official positions out of political responsibility. There are not many ideas here, but more personal feelings about society and real feelings from the depths of my heart. This song is full of color, thick pen and ink, and layers are dizzy. Concentrated and exaggerated to shape the image of "prodigal son". This image is of course related to the shadow of the family, and can also be regarded as a portrayal of the mental outlook of the talents in the book club represented by Guan. Of course, the cynical attitude of the dance academy deliberately exaggerated in the song is not desirable. Considering the specific historical environment of the Yuan Dynasty, it is not difficult to find that the image of "prodigal son" reflects the rebellious spirit against the traditional literati's moral norms, willful and reckless individual life consciousness and indomitable and tenacious will to fight, and is actually a manifestation of the new literati's personality recognized by citizen consciousness and culture.