What daily necessities do you need to bring when traveling to tropical rainforests, savannahs, and alpine areas?

Tent-a casual home, sleeping bag-an adult's swaddling clothes, backpack-a traveler's cargo box, moisture-proof pad-a foldable Simmons, Swiss Army Knife-a multi-purpose tool box, telescope-a far-sighted vision, Compass - Grasp the direction. Modern outdoor travel and adventure is no longer the era of wearing straw sandals, raincoats and bamboo hats. Therefore, it is necessary to master modern travel tools.

Section 1 General Outdoor Travel Equipment

It is impossible to travel and camp without the necessary equipment, but there is no need to bring too much, and you cannot miss some important items. . Here is a table recommended to you (Table 3-1). Just browse it before taking action and prepare according to this table. The principle is: on the basis of predictability, bring as little stuff as possible, reduce the weight, and complete the trip in the best physical condition. It is very important to prepare on the basis of foresight. For example, if there are restaurants and villages at each stop along the way, bring as little food as possible and only consider a small amount of chocolate as backup. Food alone can save a lot of weight, and you can also force yourself to learn to find food. Wherever there are people, there is a lot of help.

This book mainly introduces general outdoor travel equipment, which is what the majority of outdoor travel enthusiasts need to know. They are divided into two categories: personal equipment and collective equipment, which can be further divided into necessary equipment and optional equipment. This chapter mainly introduces general travel equipment and how to use it. Some of the important items will be introduced in detail in terms of their classification, purchase, usage, products and maintenance. General items will be briefly introduced:

Table (3-1) Commonly used outdoor travel equipment table< /p>

Personal equipment and collective equipment

Travel backpacks, sleeping bags, collective tents*** tableware

Sleeping mat/travel mat inflatable pillow***cooking utensils fuel gas< /p>

Change of clothes, spare shoes and socks, *** lighting, collective emergency medicine

Toiletries, personal tableware, map information, team flag/sign flag

Flashlight/headlamp identity Documents, camping tools, public food

Sun hat/headgear, personal medicines, altimeter, public condiments

Sunscreen supplies, water bottle/drinks, compass/compass, first aid supplies

Bring your own emergency supplies Use food lighters/windproof matches to collectively prove the itinerary

Daggers/Swiss knives notebooks/ballpoint pens to collect mending supplies folding buckets

Toilet paper garbage bags local introduction information string/thin wire

Self-rescue supplies Self-use stove safety belt/iron lock climbing rope

Cash raincoat/raingear☆Group entertainment equipment☆Group mutual gifts

☆Walking stick☆Photographic equipment/film ☆Radio communication machine☆Satellite locator

☆Scrap newspapers☆Personal entertainment equipment☆Thermometer☆Telescope

☆Multi-purpose watch☆Sunglasses/snow goggles☆Plastic cloth☆Pedometer

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☆Swimming suits☆Fanny pack☆Chalk/marker pen☆Candles/lanterns

☆This "Guide" booklet☆Gifts to each other☆Life buoys☆Camping alarm

☆Hammock☆Mosquito repellent/device☆Barbecue equipment☆Self-defense equipment

☆Water purification equipment☆Foot covers/leggings/kneepads☆Radio recorder

Note: There are ☆ in the above table Symbols indicate optional items and equipment, that is, items that are not necessary. Of course, sometimes they are necessary. This depends on the specific situation, so it is for reference only.

Section 2: The Selection and Use of Equipment

The selection, purchase and use of outdoor travel equipment is a very knowledgeable matter. Currently, there are many domestic and foreign brands on the domestic market. There are travel supplies to choose from, including high-end, mid-range and low-end. You must carefully consider how to choose based on your actual situation. You can first ask yourself the following two questions:

1. Do I plan to travel, climb, and explore frequently? Not just on impulse.

2. Is wilderness travel an activity that often goes to unexplored places? Rather than regular tourist attractions.

If you answer yes to the above questions, then you and everyone (collectively) should prepare carefully and systematically. If it is vague or just a general love, then there is no need to worry about it. It is best to join the travel agency's team or just prepare something casually. The following is a relatively comprehensive introduction to the basic knowledge, classification, purchase and use of various equipment, including must-have items and optional items.

1. Selection and use of personal equipment

1. Travel and mountaineering backpacks

Backpacks are important equipment for carrying various travel items and are necessary for travel. Indispensable. We can list backpacks, clothing, food, shoes and sleeping bags as the five essentials for wilderness travel. A good backpack is a good partner. Travelers attach great importance to and cherish their backpacks.

(1) Classification and selection: Backpacks are generally divided into ordinary travel backpacks, mountaineering backpacks, and other special backpacks in terms of use; in terms of structure, they are divided into ordinary soft bags (simple without brackets) and internal brackets backpack, external frame backpack, etc. It can also be classified in terms of volume, material, etc.

A sturdy and durable backpack is best purchased at a travel supply store. When selecting an ordinary travel backpack (see Figure 3-1), you should pay attention to the following issues:

A. The outer material of the backpack is made of dense, waterproof, wear-resistant, flame-proof, and tear-proof materials, mostly made of man-made fiber (Kodra) and high-density nylon cloth (Hi-density Nylon Oxford). D is generally used to distinguish their functions, such as 420D Oxford nylon, 1000D Kodra nylon, etc. The higher the performance, the better, and the more professional it is. Some of its sutures are treated with waterproof spray film.

B. Wider and thicker straps, belts and back pads, the back pads have perspiration ventilation slots (see Figure 3-2), etc.

C. The main bag volume should be about 50 liters, and there should be at least 2 to 3 side bags or top bags.

In addition to the above requirements, a more professional travel and mountaineering backpack (see Figure 3-3) should also have the following points:

A. There is a metal bracket inside the backpack (mostly made of aluminum alloy material) or an external bracket (i.e. backpack bag, Figure 3-4).

B. The shoulder strap (S type) and waist belt can be adjusted up and down, and there is a chest strap.

C. The volume of the main bag should be 50 to 80 liters. The main bag is divided into upper and lower parts, and items can be packed separately.

Generally, men should at least choose a backpack of more than 50 liters, because when traveling, men should bear more items than women. Women can choose a backpack of about 40 liters. If the backpack is larger, you can carry less, but if you buy a smaller backpack, you won’t be able to carry more. Therefore, when choosing a backpack, it is better to go big than small. Secondly, you should choose one with multiple packages (composite backpack) and one with internal brackets and a belt.

(2) How to use: The backpack is very useful for loading items. General backpacks are divided into top bags from top to bottom (see Figure 3-5) (used to carry rain gear, maps, snacks, etc.). Once such items are needed, it is easy to ask for help from fellow travelers. take out. Bags on both sides (used to carry some common items, such as kettles, flashlights, toiletries, toilet paper, compasses, emergency medicines, emergency food, sunglasses, gloves, small cameras, films, etc.). The large bag (main bag) contains other important items (such as sleeping bags, changes of clothes, tableware, etc.).

Packing principles: Commonly used items should be placed near the opening, and items used for camping should be placed inside; light and soft items should be at the bottom, and heavy and hard items should be at the top (those that cannot be pressed) Items should be on top). Placing heavy objects on the top helps to make the center of gravity of the backpack as close as possible to the center of gravity of the human body, making it less likely to fatigue the waist and abdominal muscles. ?Pay attention to the balance of the left and right sides of the backpack. It cannot be heavy on one side and light on the other. At the same time, make sure that the tightness of the two shoulder straps is adjusted appropriately and equally.

In addition, the external items of the backpack should be the tent on the top and the moisture-proof pad on the bottom. This is also the principle of placing emphasis on the top and light on the bottom.

Backpack method: Since a backpack full of items is heavy, you should learn how to carry the backpack on your back. First, it is the easiest way to put it on a high platform, or put it on your back. The person sits on the ground and puts the backpack on his right leg with his right hand. Put his right hand first, then stand up and then put his left hand. The overall position of the backpack should be like this. Men's belt should be tied at the hip bone, while women should be tied above the hip bone (i.e. lower waist). Tighten the shoulder straps to make the backpack close to the back, and finally adjust the short shoulder straps (Figure 3 - 6) If the short strap is 30-40 degrees away from the backpack, etc., then this is the best position and strap method.

2. Sleeping bag

Sleeping bag is also a must-have item for wild camping. Of course, it can also be replaced by blankets, couch quilts, eiderdown quilts, etc., but if you plan to travel frequently, Then it is recommended to carefully purchase a sleeping bag.

(1) Classification and selection: Due to the different purposes of sleeping bags, sleeping bags are roughly divided into ordinary sleeping bags and mountain sleeping bags. From the inner filling (insulation layer), it can be roughly divided into two types: down and artificial cotton. Down is divided into waterfowl down, goose down, duck down, etc., and artificial cotton is divided into acrylic cotton, hollow cotton and American Du-Pont cotton. and Thisulate from 3M Company in the United States. From the structure (Figure 3-7), it is divided into two types: envelope type and mummy type.

In terms of thermal insulation performance, down sleeping bags are distinguished by their down content. The down content of ordinary down sleeping bags is 20~40%, and the rest is feathers. High-end sleeping bags with more than 80% velvet content are very expensive and are mostly used for mountain climbing. Waterfowl down is the best down variety, followed by white goose down and white duck down. Hollow cotton is the best among artificial cottons, that is, there are multiple hollow holes in the fiber. It has good thermal insulation properties and is cheap. It is recommended that this type be the first choice for general travel. Genuine sleeping bags have a suitable temperature table to indicate. For example, ordinary sleeping bags are generally marked 15℃-10℃-0℃, which means that they can be used between zero degrees Celsius and 15 degrees above zero. High-end sleeping bags can generally be used at minus 40 degrees.

Structurally speaking: the zipper of the envelope type (picture 3-7 above) can be fully opened and can be used as a sleeping bag outside. At home, it can be used as a quilt by putting on a quilt cover. The mummy style is specifically designed based on the shape of the human body. It is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, and has a hood. It is the best product for outdoor travel. Generally, sleeping bags are made of nylon thick fabric and lined with cotton or polyester cotton.

Additional note: All sleeping bags can be compressed for easy portability, so some sleeping bags come with compression straps that can compress the sleeping bag to 2/3 or half of its fluffy volume.

There are also special sleeping bag compression straps available for purchase.

(2) Use and maintenance: The principles of use and maintenance of sleeping bags are generally fire prevention, moisture resistance, hygiene, etc. It is forbidden to smoke in the tent and stay away from campfires; if the sleeping bag gets damp, it should be dried in time or over a distant fire; sleeping bags are personal items, so generally do not lend them to others to prevent infectious diseases. After each use, it should be cooled and dried in time to sterilize. It should be kept in a fluffy state when not in use, do not compress, and should be cooled and dried regularly. If it is dirty, it is best to send it to a dry cleaner for dry cleaning rather than washing it in a washing machine. Generally, the length of the sleeping bag is longer than the actual height of the user. When the person sleeps and lies down, he lifts his feet and puts them down again. The excess part of the sleeping bag will be padded under his feet, which can keep his feet better warm.

3. Moisture-proof sleeping pad

Sleeping pad is an important item. Most tents do not have moisture-proof pads, only isolation layers, so they are useless without moisture-proof pads. It plays the roles of moisture-proof, thermal insulation (warmth preservation), and sleeping comfort. Sleeping pads are generally divided into the following three types:

(1) Classification and selection

A. Inflatable mat: dual-purpose mat, rubber product that can be used for camping and water use. In terms of size, they are divided into single air cushions (Figure 3-8) and double air cushions; in terms of styles, they are divided into chair-type air cushions, tube-type air cushions, combined air cushions, format air cushions, etc. Because it is made of rubber, it is relatively heavy and easy to break, so it is not suitable for backpacking. But if it is a general car outing, it is a good sleeping pad. The price for a single person is between 60 and 70 yuan, and for a double person, it is between 110 and 120 yuan. Domestic production is mainly produced by some military industrial enterprises.

B. Moisture-proof mat (beach mat): international standard type (length 1.8M, width 0.5M, thickness 0.01M), made of high-density sponge, cylindrical, for single use, because it is light (only 250g) and moisture-proof , thermal insulation, softness and comfort performance are all very good. It is a must-have item for camping in the wild. The price is generally around 30~40 yuan. Available year round.

C. Tent mat (travel and leisure mat): a thin special sponge mat made of a new type of PE foam material, which is superior in elasticity, anti-aging and other issues. It has reflective film on one side and color film on the other side. Its moisture-proof, heat-insulating and carrying properties are also good. It is mainly used to lay the bottom layer of the tent, and it is even better if it is covered with a moisture-proof mat. It can be used directly in summer. But when camping in cold mountains, both are usually used together. There is currently no domestic production. But there is a similar travel leisure mat that is basically the same and can be used instead. The size is 1.5×1.8M. Suitable for one tent. It is the same size as a moisture-proof pad when packed away. The price is around 80~110 yuan.

5. Outdoor travel clothing

Whether it is underwear or outer trousers, the basic requirements for outdoor travel clothing are to be warm, soft, breathable, loose, and have low static electricity. The outer clothing should also be wear-resistant and Requirements such as bright colors and more pockets. If it's rainy season, you should also consider waterproofing. Since there are various types of travel clothing and personal preferences vary greatly, the following factors should be considered when choosing:

★ Warmth: Warmth is the first requirement of clothing. Except for winter, ordinary cotton can be worn during daytime travel. 2. Casual clothing made of wool should be loose, open at the front, easy to put on and take off (ie easy to dissipate heat). In winter, you should wear clothing with good thermal insulation properties, such as down jackets, down vests (vests that keep you warm and facilitate the movement of your hands), sweaters, fleece jackets, etc. The way to take off and put on is generally zipper (which can be taken off and put on quickly). In winter, you can choose some pullover styles, which have better thermal insulation performance.

★ Breathable and rainproof: Breathable and rainproof properties are a contradiction. Human sweat during exercise should be eliminated from the body through clothing in a timely manner to maintain normal metabolic functions. Therefore, breathability and sweat absorption should be the second factor in choosing clothing. Generally speaking, pure cotton products have better breathability and sweat-absorbing properties, but they are not rainproof. Some high-end mountaineering and travel clothing have one-way breathability, that is, rainwater cannot enter, but body sweat can be eliminated. But the price is relatively high. Under normal circumstances, you can only consider the breathability and perspiration performance, and the rainproof performance can be left to the raincoat. Clothing made of this kind of fabric is also called all-weather clothing.

★ Versatility: Whether it is clothes or pants, it is better to have more pockets. It is best to use flaps instead of zippers for pockets to prevent rain. There are many pockets for small items. Some other multi-functions are: underarm sweat vents (zipper type); collars with rain hoods (the latest model is multi-angle exploration hoods); detachable sleeves; trouser legs that can be closed; clothes that can be closed Waist, hip tightening (using a drawstring), etc. Of course, you should have as many functions as you need, don’t be greedy for too much.

★ Color: When traveling in the jungle, the color of clothing should be highly identifiable, which facilitates mutual care, identification, search, etc., so it should generally be bright colors, such as yellow, red, white, and blue. Etc., if there are some color combinations, individual identification can be carried out. Under normal circumstances, you cannot wear crazy or green clothing (except for animal inspections).

★ Note: Some clothes and pants are not suitable for outdoor travel, but many people like to wear them, so special attention should be paid to them, such as jeans, denim clothes, polyamide pants, long skirts, and silk clothes. wait.

Product introduction: Currently, the most famous outdoor clothing in the world is clothing made of fabrics such as Goer-Tex (product of American Gore Company, see below). It is a one-way breathable fabric. It is an invention called "Century Cloth". Its fabric has an average of 9 billion pores per square inch, and each pore is 20,000 times larger than a small drop of water, but 700 times larger than a sweat molecule. times, so the pores have one-way breathability, that is, sweat can be discharged through the fabric, but rain and wind cannot enter. Clothing made of this kind of fabric is high-end clothing for outdoor travel, and of course it is also very expensive. Similar fabrics include Sofitex produced in Belgium, Finetex from South Korea, and Gelanots from Japan. There are also other similar foreign brands of clothing, such as Ozark, NIKKO, etc. have slightly lower prices. In terms of warmth-retaining fabrics, Polar Fleece is currently more popular abroad. This kind of fabric does not shed hair, has a soft feel, high warmth retention, good breathability, and easy sweat dispersion.

6. Travel shoes and socks:

When traveling outdoors, you must wear suitable travel shoes and socks. Generally, you can wear ordinary sports rubber shoes, travel shoes, mountaineering leather shoes, etc. Pay attention to the following factors when choosing:

★ Shoe fabrics: Generally, sports shoes include leather (cowhide, pigskin, etc.), canvas and other synthetic fabrics (including Goer-tex). It has better performance in terms of warmth retention, moisture resistance, ventilation, and foot protection, but it is relatively heavy. At present, some synthetic fabrics also have the performance of leather and are lightweight, such as some high-end hiking shoes.

★ The height of the shoe upper: The height of the shoe upper has two meanings. One is to protect the ankle from sprains. This is especially true when walking on some rugged mountain roads. The height of the shoe upper can protect the feet. The second is to prevent foreign objects from entering the shoes, such as some insects, prickly plant seeds, etc. But the flexibility is not as good as low-top, so it depends on the specific situation.

★ Sole material: The thickness of the sole and its material are equally important. Generally, on flat roads without rocks, you can wear ordinary shoes with thin rubber soles (ie common sneakers, rubber shoes, travel shoes, etc.) ), if there are many uneven stone roads or rock climbing is required, you must wear thick-soled rubber shoes or leather shoes, otherwise, your feet will be rolled. In addition, sometimes you need to use your toes to step on the rising fulcrum when climbing, so hard soles are irreplaceable. role.

★ Size: People’s feet will swell due to congestion after long-term travel. Therefore, when purchasing shoes, you should be slightly larger than your actual size, and you should not wear shoes that are tight to your feet. . In addition, due to traveling and camping in snowy mountains in winter, if your feet are cold, you need to add thick socks, so it will not work without a certain degree of looseness. The size depends on the individual situation, usually within two yards. In addition, in some places, dried chili peppers are stuffed into the toes of shoes. It is said that it can promote blood circulation in the toes and prevent frostbite. You might as well try it.

★ Other designs: The grooves of the soles are also very particular. The horizontal, arc, circular, and vertical groove lines of the grooves play an anti-slip role in all directions. We can learn from the layout of these groove lines. It can be seen that, in short, the function of the groove line is to increase the friction of the shoe, including walking in mud. The most common method of tying shoelaces is the perforation method, which is an old-fashioned method and is more troublesome to use. Currently, perforations are generally combined with buckles, with perforations on the instep and buckles above the ankles, making it easier to put on and take off.

★ Sock requirements: Generally, long-tubed cotton and wool socks are worn when traveling. These socks have better sweat-absorbing properties. In the past, mountain travelers usually wore shorts (or bloomers) and long-tubed socks underneath. socks. Bring at least two pairs of socks.

Use and maintenance: New shoes should be tried on for a period of time before a long trip to allow the feet to have a running-in period with the shoes. If any problems are found, they should be solved in time. Before using new shoes, you can put a few drops of liquor or alcohol inside the shoes to achieve deodorizing effect. When traveling, shoelaces should not be tied too tight or too loose, but should be kept within a certain degree. When going uphill and climbing, the ankles should be tightened, and when going downhill or downhill, the toes should be tightened. When the road is gravelly, the uppers should be tightened to prevent spraining the feet. When the road is flat, the uppers of the shoes should be loosened appropriately, especially high-top shoes. Shoes should be stored in a dry place when not in use. If they have become damp, they should be washed and dried first. The storage method should also include filling materials such as newspapers inside the shoes to maintain their shape.

Supplement - Camp shoes: Due to long-term walking, the feet will swell with blood, so when you arrive at the resting place (camping site), you should change into wide camp shoes in time to let your feet relax and rest. At the same time, when traveling outdoors, your shoes will get wet due to dew, puddles, etc., and it is necessary to change into dry shoes at the campsite. Therefore, it is best to bring an extra pair of camp shoes (usually low and lightweight sports shoes) and a pair of lightweight foam sandals when traveling. They also play an important role when wading across rivers (discussed later). There are no strict criteria for the selection. Spare shoes only need to be soft and suitable for your feet, and slippers should be wide and durable. Therefore, you should generally bring three pairs of shoes when traveling.

7. Toiletries: Toiletries that must be carried include: towels (ordinary towels or compressed towels), toothpaste (preferably small ones), toothbrushes, soap, and plastic cups (preferably multi-purpose). Some of these things can be shared by everyone. (toothpaste) to reduce the amount of items you bring.

8.

Personal tableware: There are many occasions when you go out to have a picnic, and the tableware you bring must consider the following requirements:

(1) Light weight; (2) Multi-purpose (easy to cook directly); (3) ) is sturdy and durable.

From various tableware currently on the market, you can choose tableware suitable for outdoor travel. It is recommended to choose the following tableware:

★Stainless steel tableware: There are many varieties of this type of tableware. It is recommended to buy one. Rectangular or round stainless steel cutlery with long handles. At the same time, there is a three-piece set and a multi-piece set (Figure 3-9), which are very easy to use and cost between 60 and 80 yuan. The imported ones are much more expensive.

★Multi-purpose military tableware: An aluminum multi-purpose tableware set sold in many military supplies stores. It has a pot for cooking and a small plate for serving dishes. The price is about 50 yuan.

★Stainless steel thermal insulation lunch box: This kind of item cannot be cooked directly, but it has good thermal insulation performance and is suitable for use in cold places.

★Plastic tableware: This type of tableware is light in weight and low in price, but cannot be cooked and has poor durability. However, it is also very good as a summer travel or drinking tool (water cup).

As for dining tools, disposable sanitary chopsticks, stainless steel spoons and forks can be considered.

9. Personal lighting equipment: You must bring outdoor lighting equipment when camping in the wild. Use flashlights, candles, and headlamps. The flashlight is flexible and widely used, but it requires one hand, while the headlight (see Figure 3-10) can free both hands and the illuminated area moves with the line of sight. They each have their own merits, which should be determined according to the situation when purchasing, but attention should be paid to the size should not be too large and the weight should not be too heavy. It is recommended to purchase a flashlight with a plastic (engineering plastic) shell and waterproof performance. If you are traveling for a long time, you must consider bringing spare light bulbs and batteries. In addition, when carrying a flashlight, the built-in batteries should be turned upside down (that is, the same electrodes are paired together) to avoid leakage. Rotary switches (such as Micron flashlights) do not need to be used. Candles are very useful lighting equipment. They can burn for a long time. You can use a Coke bottle to make a candle lamp to prevent wind. If you use a flashlight, you can tie a nylon rope to the flashlight and put it on your head, which is more convenient to use.

Product introduction: American Micron (MAG-LITF, Figure 3-11) and other flashlights are relatively famous flashlights in the world. They are widely loved by people for their excellent quality and are often exchanged with the Swiss Army Knife. Matches gifts. Micron flashlights have many models and are equipped with various types of batteries. In addition to being used as flashlights, the lamp heads can be removed and placed underneath to be used as candle lights. Models suitable for outdoor travel include M2A03H (197 yuan), M2A11C (230 yuan), etc., both of which use AA batteries. Generally available in large stores.

10. Identity documents: It is not unnecessary to bring your own ID card and work certificate. If you are traveling in a group, you can bring the certification materials issued by the group. If it is a paper document, it should be wrapped in plastic. Identity documents should be carried with you and should not be placed in your backpack.

11. Sun hat/headgear: You should bring a suitable hat when traveling

★ Sun hat (sun hat): Suitable for summer use, it is best to use a sun hat with a long brim , the color should be bright.

★ Wide-brimmed sun hat: When traveling in some hot places, you can wear a round wide-brimmed sun hat, such as a straw hat, an inflatable hat, etc.

★ Wool hat/hood: Of course, you must wear a hat with thermal insulation properties when traveling in winter, especially when traveling in snowy mountains. You can choose some woolen hats with good thermal insulation properties, mountaineering hoods (wool products), wind and snow hats, etc.

12. Medicines for personal use

When people move to a new place, they will always get sick or feel unwell due to some acclimatization conditions. This is especially true when traveling in the wild. Because people are in motion, physiological functions are affected by exercise and physical discomfort. The degree of adaptation to the new environment is different. In addition, factors such as the natural environment, health conditions, and dietary conditions of the place where you go are a great test for people's physiological adaptability. People who are in good mental condition, physically healthy, and have strong autoimmunity are less likely to get sick; on the contrary, they are more likely to contract diseases. But no matter what the situation is, it is always necessary to bring some backup medicines. Don’t trust your own physique and judgment of travel destinations too easily. There is no need to bring all kinds of medicines. The following list is for reference. Everyone should choose according to their own common diseases and applicable medicines:

A. Cold medicine: such as Ganmaoqing, Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets, Black and White, Banlangen Tablets, etc.

B. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotics: such as acetylspiramycin, APC, Qingre Xiaoyan Capsules, Baiyanjing, can relieve allergies.

C. Gastrointestinal medicine: Po Chai Pills, norfloxacin, berberine, belladonna tablets.

D. Medicine for facial features: oxytetracycline eye ointment, erythromycin eye ointment, anti-crack lip balm (Vaseline).

E. External medicines: Baiyao tincture, Baiyao, green ointment, Shangshi analgesic ointment, bandages, gauze, cotton wool.

F. Anti-insect and snake medicine: Fengyoujing, cooling oil, snake medicine.

G. Emergency medicine: pain relief spray.

13. Sun protection products: People who work and live in cities mostly work indoors and spend less time in the sun. Once you go out, you can see how delicate and fragile your skin is. If you don’t want your skin to crack and get burned by the sun, in addition to bringing sun protection, you should also bring a skin care product that suits you.

In fact, human skin is resistant to the ultraviolet rays of the sun. You only need to use skin care products in the first few days of traveling, and then you can gradually stop using them (of course, people will also get tanned). At present, there are many skin care products on the domestic market. You should choose economical and applicable skin care and sunscreen products, such as olive oil and Avon sunscreen (divided into 15 times, 30 times, etc.).

14. Kettle/Drinks

It is an unimaginable serious problem to travel for a long time without suitable drinking water. If it is foreseen that the place you are going to be short of water, you must bring a water set. The requirements for the water set should consider light weight, large capacity, durability and thermal insulation performance (except in summer). Currently, the following products are available on the market:

★Full stainless steel thermal kettle: There are many such kettles on the market currently, with volumes of 600ml (ml), 800ml, 1200ml and other volumes. Their thermal insulation performance is very good, but the price is more expensive. Generally between 100 yuan and 300 yuan.

★Military dual-use kettle: The inside is a kettle, and the outside is a container that can be used to boil water. The kidney shape is very suitable for field trips. The price is also quite suitable.

★Other containers: Ordinary glass kettles, plastic kettles, space cups, sheepskin kettles, etc. all have their own applicable uses. Currently, the more popular ones are fiberglass drinking bottles (space cups), which are very suitable for various uses. Seasonal travel. You can also bring a Coke bottle with you. After drinking it, fill it with water as a water storage tool.

15. Emergency food: When traveling and exploring, you may fall behind, get lost, or get hungry before others due to some reasons, so it is a wise choice to bring some emergency food. Emergency food should be small but essential. And foods with high calories, such as beef jerky, ham sausage, chocolate, dried fish flakes, compressed biscuits, etc., should be selected according to personal preferences.

16. Lighter: In addition to food and water, you need fire to survive in the wild. Therefore, it is very necessary to bring fire tools, usually a lighter (including a windproof lighter) or a windproof match. Note that lighters are used at different altitudes. Flames vary in size and are not as useful as windproof matches at high altitudes.

17. Self-use gas stove: It is more popular to bring your own gas stove (also called gas stove) to cook your own meals during mountaineering expeditions abroad. Although our daily travel is a group trip, you (or two people together) should bring a set of outdoor travel stoves. At present, there are mainly the following personal gas stoves on the domestic market:

★ Ordinary camping gas stove (see Figure 3-12): electronic ignition, using ordinary standard gas bottles (250g), the advantage is that it is easy to carry , easy to use, the disadvantage is that it is relatively heavy. The price is around 60 yuan.

★ Foldable steam stove: Same as above, the advantage is that it is easy to carry, but the disadvantage is that the gas connection part is not very good.

★ Imported gas stove (see Figure 3-13): Generally EPLgas brand, it is a very popular gas stove for mountaineering expeditions in the world. Needless to say, it has advantages, but it is less imported and more expensive. , and the gas cylinder is not easy to replace or replenish.

18. Small knives

Traveling and adventure are impossible without knives. In the foreign military, the ability to survive in the wild and jungle with only a multi-functional knife is even tested. It can be seen that knives play a great role. .

Selection and use: When traveling and exploring in the wild, you should generally bring two knives, a large knife (such as a dagger) and a small knife. The pocket knife referred to here is a pocket knife that can be folded (i.e., a folding knife).

At present, the most famous pocket knife in the world is the Swiss Army Knife. There are two main brands in the domestic market, one is Wenger and the other is Vinos

As for the landscape, it depends on where you are. What to study or what is the purpose of your trip

Tropical rainforest, plants, animals, rainforest overview, system formation, etc.

Tropical grassland, humanities, grassland overview, others are the same as above

Alpine Regional rock mineral deposits and regional overview. Others are the same as above