Persian Gulf tourist attractions introduction video Persian Gulf route

Persian Gulf (English: Persian Gulf; Persian: khalρj-e-pāRS) is the northwest bay of the Arabian Sea in the Indian Ocean. Located between Arabian Peninsula and Iranian Plateau, Arabic abbreviation is Gulf and Arabian Gulf. Strappo, a geographer in the 1 th century, first defined this place with the Persian Gulf. It is pointed out that the local ecological problems have become more and more urgent. Since 200 1, 70% of coral reefs have disappeared, and the rest are threatened and degraded.

Where is the Persian Gulf? About the geographical location of the Persian Gulf.

1. The Persian Gulf is located between the Iranian plateau and Arabian Peninsula, starting from the Arabian Estuary in the northwest and reaching the Strait of Hormuz in the southeast, with a total length of more than 970 kilometers, a width of 56-338 kilometers and an area of 24 1 1,000 square kilometers.

2. The temperature in the Persian Gulf is high, which is around 20℃ all the year round and can reach above 32℃ in summer. The northwest wind is very strong, blowing the sand in the desert area into the bay, and the sea water is turbid. There are sandstorms and haze in summer and strong winds and tornadoes in autumn. The Persian Gulf is located in the high pressure area of the Tropic of Cancer, with a hot climate. Seawater evaporation exceeds injection, and the water temperature can reach 30-33℃ in summer, even as high as 36℃ in the marginal zone. So the Persian Gulf is also the one with the highest water temperature.

3. The Persian Gulf, located on the west coast of subtropical continent, is controlled by subtropical high all the year round, with prevailing downward flow, high salinity, high density and low water surface, while the adjacent Arabian Sea has low salinity, low density and high water surface. Therefore, surface seawater flows from the Arabian Sea with higher water surface into the Persian Gulf with lower water surface. Bottom seawater flows from the high salinity Persian Gulf into the Arabian Sea. There are many islands in the bay, mostly coral islands, and the larger ones are Bahrain Island, Geshem Island and Abu Ali Island.

4. The seabed of Persian Gulf and its surrounding land are the largest oil treasure house in the world, accounting for 53%-58% of the world's oil reserves. Oil production accounts for about 1/3 of the world total oil production. Oil production accounts for 60% of the world's total oil exports, which are mainly supplied to developed countries in the world, such as the United States, Japan and some countries in Western Europe. Fishery resources are also very rich, rich in all kinds of fish, pearls and mother-of-pearl are famous all over the world. Important ports along the coast and in the Gulf are: Abadan, Kharg Island, Bushehr, Basra, Fao, Kuwait Port, Abu Dhabi and Dubai.

Introduction and details of Persian Gulf

Name traceability

Persia is the ancient name of Iran, and the Persian Gulf is owned by a group of neighboring countries.

Strappo, a geographer in the 1 th century, first called this place Persian Gulf, while Arabs called this place Arabian Gulf. Why does modern international geography use the name Persian Gulf?

Some sea areas in Asia are named after countries or nations, which are international geographical indications (not the sovereign names of a country): the Sea of Japan, the East China Sea (not equal to the East China Sea of China), the Philippine Sea (with territorial waters of many coastal countries and mostly international high seas), the South China Sea (not equal to the South China Sea of China), the Gulf of Thailand, the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea (surrounded by many Asian and African countries), the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf (Persian Gulf).

According to the international offshore naming rules of Asian geography, a huge sea area (Arabian Sea) has been named after Arabia, so it is best to identify, distinguish and remember this bay with the name of Persia (the ancient name of Iran).

Similar: andaman islands belongs to India and named a huge sea area (Indian Ocean) in the name of India, so contemporary international geography and Google Maps adopt the name of Myanmar Sea and inherit the ancient Andaman Sea in Britain.

The development of history

The oldest known civilization in the world (Sumerian civilization) developed along the Persian Gulf and southern Mesopotamia. Shallow water basin, which is now the basic bay, is a vast valley and wetland. At the end of the Ice Age and the beginning of the Holocene, Jeffrey Rose, an archaeologist at Birmingham University, served as an environmental shelter. During the periodic extreme drought climate oscillation, the legend of Dearmen, which laid the foundation, was ruled by a series of nomadic tribes on the southern coast during most of the transition period of the early settlement history of the Persian Gulf. At the end of the 4th century BC, the Persian Gulf in the south was mainly composed of the Dilmen civilization. For a long time, the most important solution in the Persian Gulf region on the southern coast was Gerha. In the 2nd century, Rahum tribe lived in northern Yemen and migrated to the southern coast of the present kingdom. Ancient battlefields occasionally occur on the coastlines of Persian Gulf, Sassanian Persian Empire and present kingdom. The most prominent one is the invasion of Ram Kingdom led by Shahpoor II, which led to the failure and progress of Ram Kingdom to Saudi Arabia, along the southern coastline. During the 7th century AD, Sassanian Persian Empire conquered the whole Persian Gulf region, including the southern and northern coasts.

In 625-226 BC, the north was mainly inherited by Persia, including the Middle, Achemani, Seleucus and Parthian empires. Under the leadership of King Darius the Great of Achaemenid, Persian ships discovered the Persian Gulf.

After Portugal's expansion into the Indian Ocean, it was the Da Gama voyage in the early16th century, when they saw the Ottoman Empire fighting on the Persian Gulf coast. 152 1 year, Portuguese army commander Antonio Correa invaded Bahrain to control the wealth created by its pearl industry. 1602 On April 29th, Shah Abbas, the Persian emperor of the Persian Empire in Safavi, expelled Bahrain and Portugal, and the date was in Iran to commemorate the whole Persian Gulf. 1622, Abbas adopted a Portuguese island in the Strait of Hormuz; Most of the trade will be transformed into Abbas, Bandalai, which is a town named after him after he moved from Portuguese 16 15. As a result, the Persians opened the Persian Gulf, and businessmen from Portugal, the Netherlands, France, Spain and Britain obtained special permission to develop e-commerce. 187 1 year, the Ottoman empire was reconfirmed as East Arabia. Under the military and political pressure of the Governor of Osman Baghdad, Ahmed Pasha, the ruling Al-Thani tribe, accepted the rule of Osman peacefully. The Ottoman Empire was forced to start from World War I, and other various border guards needed to leave the area.

During World War II, Western allies used Iran as a pipeline to transport military and industrial materials to Russia (Soviet Union), which was called Persian Corridor in history. This route will use the trans-Iranian railway, but in order to transport supplies to Iran, Britain uses the Persian Gulf as the entry point of the supply chain. Therefore, the Persian Gulf has become a key sea passage, through which the transportation equipment of the allied forces was used to resist the Nazi invasion of Russia.

From 1763 to 197 1, the British Empire maintained different degrees of political control over some Persian Gulf countries, including the United Arab Emirates (formerly known as Trujiler). At different times, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar lived in the Persian Gulf through Britain.

In 2006, more than 654.38 million British citizens went to Dubai. In 20 14, Britain announced that it would set up its first permanent military base in the Persian Gulf, because it withdrew its troops from the east of the Suez Canal in 197 1.

Geographical environment, location and field

Indian Ocean marginal sea. Arabic is called Arabian Gulf, or Gulf for short. Located between Arabian Peninsula, Iranian Plateau and two river basins, it is a semi-enclosed bay in the northwest of Indian Ocean. The Persian Gulf is 970 kilometers long and 56-338 kilometers wide from the Arabian Estuary in the northwest to the Strait of Hormuz in the southeast. The area is 24 1 1,000 square kilometers. The average depth is 40m, and the maximum depth is 104m.

Persian gulf climate

The temperature in the Persian Gulf is high, which is around 20℃ all the year round and can reach above 32℃ in summer. The northwest wind is very strong, blowing the sand in the desert area into the bay, and the sea water is turbid. There are sandstorms and haze in summer and strong winds and tornadoes in autumn.

The Persian Gulf is located in the high pressure area of the Tropic of Cancer, with a hot climate. Seawater evaporation exceeds injection, and the water temperature can reach 30-33℃ in summer, even as high as 36℃ in the marginal zone. So the Persian Gulf is also the one with the highest water temperature.

There is little precipitation and strong sunshine in the bay, and the east and west coasts are mostly subtropical arid deserts. The water temperature is very high, 16-32℃ in the northwest, 24-32℃ in the southeast and 35.6℃ in the shallow sea in summer, making it one of the hottest sea areas in the world. High-temperature drying enhances the evaporation power of the sea surface, and the annual evaporation is over 2000 mm, which greatly exceeds the sum of annual precipitation (300 mm) and river discharge. Therefore, the salinity of the Arabian Sea is relatively high, 37-38 in the southeast and 38-465 and 438+0 in the northwest, which is higher than that in the Arabian Sea east of the Strait of Hormuz. The difference in salinity between the two sides of the strait leads to the water in the Arabian Sea flowing from the surface of the strait to the Persian Gulf, but in the Persian Gulf.

hydrology

The Persian Gulf is located on the west coast of subtropical continent, which is controlled by subtropical high all the year round. Downflow prevails, with evaporation greater than precipitation, high salinity, high density and low water surface, while the adjacent Arabian Sea has low salinity, low density and high water surface. Therefore, surface seawater flows from the Arabian Sea with higher water surface into the Persian Gulf with lower water surface. Bottom seawater flows from the high salinity Persian Gulf into the Arabian Sea. There are many islands in the bay, most of which are coral islands, and the larger ones are Bahrain Island, Geshem Island and Abu Ali Island. In the northern part of the Gulf, due to the accumulation of a large amount of sediment and the slow rise of the crust caused by rivers such as Euphrates River and Tigris River, the water depth gradually becomes shallow, and the coastline on the northern shore of the Gulf advances at a rate of 56 meters per year, and the Gulf is shrinking. High-temperature drying enhances the evaporation power of the sea surface, and the annual evaporation is over 2000 mm, which greatly exceeds the sum of annual precipitation (300 mm) and river discharge. Therefore, the salinity of the Arabian Sea is relatively high, 37-38 in the southeast and 38-465 and 438+0 in the northwest, which is higher than that in the Arabian Sea east of the Strait of Hormuz. The difference in salinity between the two sides of the strait leads to the water in the Arabian Sea flowing from the surface of the strait to the Persian Gulf, but in the Persian Gulf. The bottom of the Persian Gulf and its surrounding land are the largest oil treasure house in the world, accounting for about 53%-58% of the world's oil reserves. Oil production accounts for about 1/3 of the world total oil production. Oil production accounts for 60% of the world's total oil exports, which are mainly supplied to developed countries in the world, such as the United States, Japan and some countries in Western Europe. Fishery resources are also very rich, rich in all kinds of fish, pearls and mother-of-pearl are famous all over the world. Important ports along the coast and in the Gulf are: Abadan, Kharg Island, Bushehr, Basra, Fao, Kuwait Port, Abu Dhabi and Dubai.

Natural and animal resources in the Persian Gulf

Dolphins and finless porpoises are the most common waters of marine mammals in the Mediterranean region along the Arabian Sea, including Arabian Gulf, Red Sea, Khaki Bay, Suez Bay, Aqaba Bay, Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman. Nowadays, sperm whales and killer whales are rare.

There are more than 700 species of fish in the Persian Gulf, most of which are native to the Gulf region. More than 80% of coral reefs are related and directly or indirectly depend on the coral reefs where they live.

mineral resources

The bottom of the Persian Gulf and its surrounding land are the largest oil treasure house in the world, accounting for about 53%-58% of the world's oil reserves. Oil production accounts for about 1/3 of the world total oil production. Oil production accounts for 60% of the world's total oil exports, which are mainly supplied to developed countries in the world, such as the United States, Japan and some countries in Western Europe. Fishery resources are also very rich, rich in all kinds of fish, pearls and mother-of-pearl are famous all over the world. Important ports along the coast and in the Gulf are: Abadan, Kharg Island, Bushehr, Basra, Fao, Kuwait Port, Abu Dhabi and Dubai.

riparian countries

Coastal countries include Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman. The Gulf region is the largest oil production and supply region in the world, with proven oil reserves accounting for more than half of the world's total reserves and annual output accounting for one third of the world's total output. The oil produced is transported to all parts of the world through the Strait of Hormuz. Known as "oil treasure house" and "world oil valve". There are many islands in the bay, most of which are coral islands. The bottom and coast of the Gulf is one of the regions with the largest oil reserves in the world. Most of the fresh water comes from the Arabian River and the Karen River in the northwest. Because evaporation exceeds injection, the salinity in the northwest (38-4 1‰) is still higher than that in the southeast of Haikou (37-38‰).

Northwest water temperature 16-32℃, southeast water temperature 24-32℃. Since ancient times, it has been the main road of maritime traffic. Coastal residents are engaged in navigation, commerce, fishing and pearl mining. After World War II, oil from Arabian Peninsula and Iran was mainly exported through Persian Gulf.

A marginal shallow sea in the Indian Ocean, covering an area of 239,600 square kilometers. Located between Arabian Peninsula and southwest Iran. The Persian Gulf is 990 kilometers long and 55-340 kilometers wide, from the Arabian River in the northwest (the mouth of the Tigris River and the Euphrates River) to the Strait of Hormuz in the southeast and the Gulf outlet of Oman. Iran is in the north and east, the United Arab Emirates and Oman in the south, Saudi Arabia and Qatar in the west, Kuwait and Iraq in the northwest, and Bahrain is an island country in the Gulf.

The water depth in this sea area is shallow, rarely exceeding 90 meters, and the water depth exceeds 1 10 meters only near the southeast exit and in some areas. The maximum water depth occurs along the Iranian coast, while the average water depth in the wide shallow water area connected with the Arabian coast is less than 36 meters. The inflow of fresh water in the Gulf is very small, mainly from the Tigris River, the Euphrates River and the Karen River. In fact, there is not much fresh water injected into the southwest of the bay. This situation, coupled with high water temperature, leads to excessive evaporation of incoming fresh water and high salinity of water body.

The economy of the Persian Gulf region is dominated by oil production. The oil production of the Gulf and its neighboring countries accounts for more than 1/4 of the world, and the reserves account for more than half of the world. Gulf coastal countries Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain also developed large-scale commerce and fisheries, but in the early 1990s, due to a large number of oil spills from Kuwait's offshore oil wells during the Persian Gulf War (199 1), fisheries were once paralyzed.

the Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf is long and narrow, with a northwest-southeast trend. Along the Iranian coast, the southern section is mountainous, with straight coastline and steep coast; The northern section is a long and narrow coastal plain with winding coastline and numerous small harbors. The coast of Arabian Peninsula is desert with some salt marshes. The Strait of Hormuz in the southeast is the throat of the bay, and there are many islands at the mouth of the bay. Geshem Island, Greater Tunb Island and Lesser Tunb Island are close to the mouth of the bay, forming a natural barrier of the bay. It has a subtropical climate. Northwest wind prevails all year round, and the wind direction is changeable. It is hot and rainy in summer, with frequent wind, dust and haze, low visibility, heavy rain in autumn and foggy in winter. Annual precipitation: less than125mm in Arabian Peninsula and 275mm in Iran. Surface water temperature: 24-32℃ in the southeast and 16-32℃ in the northwest. Salinity is 37-4 1‰, reaching 50-70‰ in southwest China. The current is counterclockwise, and the velocity at the mouth of the bay is 3-4 knots, and that at other sea areas is 0.5- 1.6 knots. Tidal range is1.5-3.5m. ..

petroleum

Located between Arabian Peninsula and Iranian Plateau, the Persian Gulf in West Asia is a vast inland sea with an altitude of about 1040 km, a width of 180-320 km, an area of 240,000km2 and an average water depth of 25m. It is connected with the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the west and the Arabian Sea in the east through its only export, the Strait of Hormuz. The Strait of Hormuz has an important strategic position, because it guards the export of offshore oil transportation in the Persian Gulf. Around the Gulf 100 km, it is a huge oil belt, which contains more than half of the world's total oil reserves, and Saudi Arabia alone accounts for14 of the world's total oil reserves, so it is called the "oil kingdom".

the Persian Gulf

From the late 1960s to the early 1980s, 90% to 95% of the total oil exports in the Persian Gulf region passed through the Strait of Hormuz. At the peak, more than 300 oil tankers and other merchant ships pass through the strait every day. Therefore, the Strait of Hormuz has become a strategic location related to the rise and fall of many countries.

In order to reduce dependence on the Strait of Hormuz and shorten the voyage to Europe, Gulf countries began to build oil pipelines abroad in 1980s. Although the importance of the Strait of Hormuz is not as good as before, if it is closed, it will still have a great impact on the world oil market. 60% of the oil imported by China comes from the Gulf, and it basically passes through the Strait of Hormuz.

In geological history, the Persian Gulf region is a shallow sea environment, with warm climate, abundant aquatic animals and plants, a wide range of good reservoir structures, and the best conditions for oil formation and storage. The Persian Gulf region is not only rich in oil resources, but also has excellent exploitation conditions. Oil is concentrated, with an average reserve of more than 350 million tons per oilfield, which is a super-large oilfield; And most of them are distributed in offshore and land, so the transportation distance of oil pipeline is short, which is convenient for crude oil transportation. The underground pressure of oil field is high, and most oil wells are flowing wells, accounting for more than 80% of all oil wells, so its production cost is the lowest in the world. The Persian Gulf accounts for more than 60% of the world's oil exports and is the largest oil export region in the world. Oil keeps flowing to Japan, western Europe and the United States. The rolling in of petrodollars has also made the poor Gulf countries among the rich countries in the world.

the Persian Gulf

Although the Persian Gulf is a treasure house of oil, it has brought money to this region, but it has also brought war and suffering. The infiltration and competition of external forces, coupled with the interweaving of contradictions caused by various historical and practical reasons in the Persian Gulf, have made the situation in the Persian Gulf turbulent for a long time and ignited wars many times, which not only brought disasters to the local people, but also had a great impact on the entire international situation. The United States has always regarded the Persian Gulf as an important part of its global strategy and actively infiltrated the region through various means. Supporting Iraq to fight the Iran-Iraq war, annexing Kuwait to send troops to the Gulf for Iraq, and then fighting the Iraq war are all aimed at safeguarding its strategic and economic interests in the Persian Gulf. The United States has basically controlled the Persian Gulf, the world's oil treasure house.

travel

There are many coral reefs in the Persian Gulf, which are rich in fish. However, due to the gradual industrialization of neighboring countries, coupled with oil spills from time to time, and the continuous war in surrounding areas, environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious.

military affairs

During World War I, the British army established a military base here to compete with the Turkish army in Iraq.

In World War II, the Gulf was the transportation line for the Allied Forces to provide military supplies to the Soviet Union.

The military bases mainly include: Iranian naval bases in bandar abbas, Bushir and Khorramshahr; Basra naval air base, Shuaiba air base and Umm Qasr naval base in Iraq; Dhahran Air Force Base, Jubail and Dammam Naval Base in Saudi Arabia; Sib air base in Oman; Naval base in Cape Juver, Bahrain. There is a huge oil belt in the Gulf region, which is of great economic and strategic significance. It is the most important oil producing area in the world. It is rich in oil resources and is known as the "world oil depot", accounting for 2/3 of the world's oil reserves. Among them, Iraq's proven oil reserves reached 1 125 billion barrels in 1998, ranking second in the world, and its natural gas reserves were about 3. 1 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 2.4% of the world's total reserves. It is of great economic and strategic significance.

the Persian Gulf

The Gulf and its surrounding areas have been important international passages since ancient times. Most of the Gulf oil needed by the West must be transported through the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Hormuz is the only sea passage in the Gulf region. If the strait is cut off, the economy of western countries represented by the United States will be dealt a fatal blow. Therefore, controlling the east-west passage from the west coast of the Gulf to the Arabian Sea via the Strait of Hormuz has become an important strategic goal of the United States.

1981May, some countries in the Gulf region established the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and its member countries include the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the Committee is to achieve coordination among member countries in various fields, strengthen contacts, exchanges and cooperation among member countries in various fields, and promote the development of industry, agriculture and science and technology in the six countries.

According to Iranian official media reportNo. 12 in June, 2065438, China and Iran signed a new contract to jointly build the "Geshem Oil Terminal" in the southern part of the Persian Gulf. The contract is worth US$ 550 million, which will turn "Geshem Island" into an important hub in the field of oil production and oil product reserve in the Gulf region.

the Iran-Iraq war

The Gulf War is the Persian Gulf War. 1In July 1990, the dispute between Iraq and Kuwait over territorial disputes and debt problems intensified. At 2 am local time on August 2, Iraq launched a lightning attack on Kuwait and quickly occupied the whole territory of Kuwait. This move by Iraq has been universally condemned by the international community. The United Nations Security Council has adopted many resolutions condemning Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, demanding Iraq's immediate and unconditional withdrawal, and announcing measures such as mandatory economic sanctions and arms embargo against Iraq. At the same time, the United States, Britain, France and other countries began to assemble troops in the Gulf, and the Gulf War was imminent.

Persian Gulf War

In the past five and a half months, the international community's peace efforts have finally achieved nothing. 199165438+1October 17 At 2: 30 in the morning, the first Tomahawk cruise missile launched by an American warship in the Gulf exploded in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, which finally kicked off the Gulf War.

The Gulf War is a war between Iraq and a multinational alliance composed of 34 countries authorized by the United Nations and headed by the United States. It was caused by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. As a result of the war, the United States-led Coalition forces won a decisive victory: Iraqi troops were expelled from Kuwait with relatively small losses. Major battles include air and land battles in Iraq, Kuwait and nearby Saudi Arabia. The scope of land warfare is limited to the border areas of Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In addition, Iraq fired Scud missiles at Israel. Iraqi tanks abandoned in the desert after Iraq withdrew from Kuwaiti territory. On the right, a fire broke out in the Kuwait oil well lit by Iraqi troops.

the Persian Gulf

1On August 7, 990, an American warship patrolled the southern waters of the Persian Gulf and began to impose a sea blockade on Iraq, preventing its oil export and food import.

1On August 2, 990, the United Nations Security Council held an emergency meeting to condemn Iraq's aggression and demanded that Iraq immediately and unconditionally withdraw its troops.

1On August 7th, 990, a French destroyer sailed for the Gulf via the Suez Canal in Egypt.

1On August 5, 1990, Crown Prince and Prime Minister Saad Abdullah Al-Sabah of Kuwait (left) held consultations with King Fahd of Saudi Arabia (middle) and Crown Prince Abdul Aziz in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on the issue of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. This is the first public appearance of the Crown Prince of Kuwait since Iraq invaded Kuwait.

Which country is the Persian Gulf in?

The Persian Gulf, located between the Iranian Plateau and Arabian Peninsula, is a bay extending from the northwest of Arabian Sea to the Asian continent, starting from the Arabian Estuary in the northwest and reaching the Strait of Hormuz in the southeast.

It is more than 970 kilometers long, 56-338 kilometers wide and covers an area of 24 1 1,000 square kilometers. The average water depth is about 40m, and the maximum water depth is 104m.

Animal resources

Dolphins and finless porpoises are the most common waters of marine mammals in the Mediterranean region along the Arabian Sea, including Arabian Gulf, Red Sea, Khaki Bay, Suez Bay, Aqaba Bay, Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman. Nowadays, sperm whales and killer whales are rare.

There are more than 700 species of fish in the Persian Gulf, most of which are native to the Gulf region. More than 80% of coral reefs are related and directly or indirectly depend on the coral reefs where they live.

Fishery resources are abundant, rich in a variety of fish, and the collection of pearls and mother-of-pearl is famous all over the world.

The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Persian Gulf.

Introduction to Persian Gulf

Persian Gulf is Bahr Faris in Arabic and Khalij-e Fars in Persian. The Persian Gulf originated in Persia. Strappo was a geographer in the first century A.D., and he first defined this place with the Persian Gulf.

Also known as Arabian Gulf; BahrFaris in Arabic and Khalij-eFars in Persian. The marginal sea in the northwest of the Indian Ocean, also known as Arabian Gulf, is commonly known as Gulf. Located between Arabian Peninsula and Iranian Plateau. It starts from the Arabian Estuary in the northwest and reaches the Strait of Hormuz in the southeast, with a length of about 990 kilometers and a width of 56-338 kilometers. It covers an area of 240 thousand square kilometers. Water depth: most of the Iranian side is deeper than 80 meters, the Arabian Peninsula side is generally shallower than 35 meters, and the mouth of the bay is the deepest 1 10 meters. Coastal countries include Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman. The Gulf region is the largest oil production and supply region in the world, with proven oil reserves accounting for more than half of the world's total reserves and annual output accounting for one third of the world's total output. The oil produced is transported to all parts of the world through the Strait of Hormuz. Known as the "oil treasure house". There are many islands in the bay, most of which are coral islands. The bottom and coast of the Gulf is one of the regions with the largest oil reserves in the world. Most of the fresh water comes from the Arabian River and the Karen River in the northwest. Because evaporation exceeds injection, the salinity in the Persian Gulf in the northwest is high.

(38-4 1‰) is still higher than that of southeast Haikou (37-38‰). Northwest water temperature 16-32℃, southeast water temperature 24-32℃. Since ancient times, it has been the main road of maritime traffic. Coastal residents are engaged in navigation, commerce, fishing and pearl mining. After World War II, oil from Arabian Peninsula and Iran was mainly exported through Persian Gulf. Coastal countries include Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman. The Gulf region is the largest oil production and supply region in the world, with proven oil reserves accounting for more than half of the world's total reserves and annual output accounting for one third of the world's total output. The oil produced is transported to all parts of the world through the Strait of Hormuz. Known as the "oil treasure house". A marginal shallow sea in the Indian Ocean. It covers an area of 239,600 square kilometers (92,500 square miles). Located between Arabian Peninsula and southwest Iran. The Persian Gulf is 990 kilometers (6 15 miles) long and 55_340 kilometers (35_2 10 miles) wide from the Arabian River (the mouth of the Tigris River and the Euphrates River) in the northwest to the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman in the southeast. Iran is in the north and east, the United Arab Emirates and Oman in the south, Saudi Arabia and Qatar in the west, Kuwait and Iraq in the northwest, and Bahrain is an island country in the Gulf. The water depth in this sea area is shallow, rarely exceeding 90 meters (300_), and the depth only exceeds 1 10 meters (360_) near the southeast exit and in some areas. The maximum water depth occurs along the Iranian coast, while the average water depth in the wide shallow water area is less than 36m (120_), which is adjacent to the Arabian coast. The inflow of fresh water in the Gulf is very small, mainly from the Tigris River, the Euphrates River and the Karen River. In fact, there is not much fresh water injected into the southwest of the bay. This situation, coupled with high water temperature, leads to excessive evaporation of incoming fresh water and high salinity of water body. The economy of the Persian Gulf region is dominated by oil production. At present, the oil production in the Gulf and neighboring countries accounts for more than 1/4 of the world total, and the reserves account for more than half of the world total. Gulf coastal countries Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain also developed large-scale commercial fishing industry, but in the early 1990s, due to a large number of oil spills from Kuwait's offshore oil wells during the Persian Gulf War (199 1), the fishing industry was once paralyzed. The Persian Gulf is long and narrow, with a northwest-southeast trend. Along the Iranian coast, the southern section is mountainous, with straight coastline and steep coast; The northern section is a long and narrow coastal plain with winding coastline and numerous small harbors. The coast of Arabian Peninsula is desert with some salt marshes. The Strait of Hormuz in the southeast is the throat of the bay, and there are many islands at the mouth of the bay. Geshem Island, Datong Island and Xiaotongbu Island are close to the mouth of the bay, forming a natural barrier of the bay. It has a subtropical climate. Northwest wind prevails all year round, and the wind direction is changeable. It is hot and rainy in summer, with frequent wind, dust and haze, low visibility, heavy rain in autumn and foggy in winter. Annual precipitation: less than125mm in Arabian Peninsula and 275mm in Iran. Surface water temperature: 24 ~ 32℃ in the southeast and 16 ~ 32℃ in the northwest. The salinity is 37 ~ 4 1 ‰, and it reaches 50 ~ 70 ‰ in southwest China. The current is counterclockwise, and the velocity at the mouth of the bay is 3-4 knots, and that at other sea areas is 0.5- 1.6 knots. Tidal range is1.5 ~ 3.5m. ..

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