Chiang Mai Buddhist History

1. Please tell me about Thailand and Buddhism. What is the historical relationship between Thailand and Buddhism? Why does Thailand have that?

Hmm.

As early as the 3rd century BC, King Ashoka sent a group of monks to preach abroad. In addition to the successful missionary work in Sri Lanka, Buddhism was also introduced into Thailand from Myanmar and a place called Jindi. The earliest statement is, It was in 241 BC that King Asoka of India invited Elder Moggallana to lead the third gathering and sent missionaries to various countries to spread the Dharma.

According to Sri Lanka's "Great History", King Asoka sent preachers in nine routes to preach the Dharma in different places. Among them, the eighth route sent two elders, Suna and Utara, to Jindi. Jindi has not yet come to a conclusion as to where it is, but the Thai people believe that the two elders entered Thailand through Myanmar and along the western border of Thailand, Kanchanaburi, to the center of Jindi, which is now Nakhon Pathom.

According to the research on Buddhist antiquities unearthed by the Yitai people, they believe that Suna and Utara went to Jindi to preach the religion. The initial base may be in the southern part of Myanmar, and then spread to the central part of Thailand. Centered. In the 8th century AD, Indian Mahayana Buddhism entered southern Thailand from Sumatra.

In 1155 AD, Sri Lanka Pararamaha I, zealously supported and revitalized Sri Lanka's long-declined Buddhism and reformed the Sangha. This great event spread to other countries that believe in Buddhism. Monks from Bagan and the Mon ethnic group in Myanmar went to Sri Lanka to study and were re-ordained as monks in the Sri Lankan Sangha. When they completed the academy, they returned to their own countries. Spread Buddhism in Sri Lanka.

As for Sri Lankan Buddhism, it was introduced into Thailand before 1257 AD. It is said that in the early 11th century AD, there was a Sri Lankan bhikkhu Ramuluo. He traveled from Bagan to southern Thailand to preach the Dharma in six publications, established the Sri Lankan Sangha, and won the faith of the king and the people.

At that time, the six kuns were ruled by King Mawei, who belonged to the bloodline of Sri Vishusa. After Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhism developed in Thailand, Mahayana Buddhism, which was originally introduced to most people from Cambodia, gradually disappeared.

But initially there were two sects of Buddhism: one was the original Sangha, and the other was the Theravada Sangha introduced from Sri Lanka. This was the same situation as in Myanmar, Mon, and Cambodia at that time, and later they gradually merged. One faction (Sri Lankan faction). In Thailand, the two sects of monks were united by agreement. This can be proved by the ordination ceremony held at that time. That is, those who are ordained must recite the Pali Three Refuges and the Sanskrit Three Refuges once.

These information are all based on the book History of Theravada Buddhism, written by Ching Hai. 2. Who can give me some historical information about Chiang Mai?

Chiang Mai ① A province in northern Thailand. It borders Myanmar to the north. The largest administrative region in the country. Area is 20107 square kilometers. Population: 1.286 million (1986). The capital is Chiang Mai. mountainous. The Kundan Mountains are in the east and the Inthanang Mountains are in the west. Most of the peaks are over 2,000 meters. The main peak, Inthanang Peak, is the highest peak in the country, with an altitude of 2,576 meters. The central part is the Binhe River Basin. The forest area is 16,700 square kilometers, accounting for 73% of the province's land. In the 13th century, the Lanna (or "South Palm") Kingdom was established, with many historical relics. It is famous for its tobacco production, and its output ranks first in the country. Others include teak, rice, etc. There are textile, rice milling, cigarette and other factories. Minerals include oil, tungsten, silver, tin, etc.

②The largest city in northern Thailand and the capital of Chiang Mai. The political, economic and cultural center of northern Thailand. Located on both sides of Bin River. Population: 102,000 (1980). The land on the outskirts of the city is fertile and the agricultural products are rich. Since 1296, it has been the capital of the Lanna Dynasty (or "South Palm"). The old city is on the west side of the river and the new city is on the east side of the river. They are connected by two bridges. It is famous for its handicrafts, including jewelry, silverware, pottery, wood carvings, silk, etc. The industry includes teak preliminary processing and sawing. It has developed transportation and is the terminal station of the Northern Line Railway, 752 kilometers away from Bangkok. There is an airport. There are colleges and universities such as Chiang Mai University, Institute of Technology, and College of Agriculture. There are about a hundred temples in the city, including the Qingmen Temple built in the 13th century. On Suthep Mountain on the outskirts of the city, there is a Buddhist temple built in the 16th century, which is a sacred place of worship for Buddhists from all over the world. The tourism industry is developed.

Chiang Mai is famous all over the world for its "beauties and roses". Its handicrafts are famous throughout the country and exported to foreign countries. It is the political, economic, cultural and educational center of northern Thailand and the second largest city in Thailand. It is 700 kilometers away from Bangkok and is located in a plateau basin 300 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by mountains and has a cool climate, beautiful scenery, numerous historical sites and prosperous commerce. It is a famous summer resort in Southeast Asia.

Chiang Mai is the ancient capital of Thailand and a famous historical and cultural city founded in 1296. At 4 o'clock in the morning on April 14, 1296, Chiang Mai was founded under the leadership of King Mengral. With thousands of miles of fertile land and Maeping protection, Chiang Mai became the base of Thailand's golden age and gradually grew into It is now the largest province and second largest city in Thailand.

In front of the palace hall in Chiang Mai, there is a statue of the Three Kings, which tells that the city of Chiang Mai received help from the other two kings. Legend has it that King Manglai discovered the appearance of white sambar, white deer and white mice, which are considered auspicious symbols, during a hunting trip, so he decided to build a city here.

King Manglai had a friendly treaty with King Ramkhamhaeng of Sukhothai and King Ngam Muang of Phayao, and they were like brothers. When they built the city of Chiang Mai, they got two Wang was very helpful and gathered 90,000 people to participate in the construction of the city. After completion, the city of Chiang Mai is surrounded by an 18-meter moat and is a rectangle, 1,800 meters wide from east to west and 2,000 meters long from north to south.

The golden age of Chiang Mai was during the reign of King Tilokara (1441 to 1487 AD). He built Wat Chet Yot and completed Wat Chedi. Luang), and held the Eighth World Buddhist Conference at Chaiyu Temple in 1455 AD, bringing Lanna culture to its heyday.

Today’s Chiang Mai Prefecture has a population of nearly 1.5 million and an area of ??10,107 square kilometers, which is 1/3 the size of Taiwan. However, most tourists still only visit the western part of Chiang Mai Prefecture, which occupies The ancient city of Chiang Mai and its suburbs cover an area of ??360 square kilometers. The city of Chiang Mai is located in a basin 310 meters above sea level, 700 kilometers away from Bangkok. All the religion, culture, economy, education and transportation in the north are centered on it. It has a completely different sense of time and space from Bangkok, which is dazzling and busy. , while Chiang Mai is simple and leisurely, making it the most unforgettable city in Thailand. 3. Are the various temples in Chiang Mai far apart?

Thai coins are minted in this way.

The following is an introduction to some Thai baht coins: (1) 10-baht bi-metal inlaid coin. The front image of this coin shows the side profile of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand. The reverse image is good *** The tower is Temple of Dawn, also known as Temple Arun.

Wat Arun is one of the royal temples in Thailand. It is commonly known as Temple Arun, also known as Temple of Dawn.

Located in Thonburi on the right bank of the Chao Phraya River, it was built in 1842 during the Ayutthaya Dynasty. It is the largest Mahayana stupa in Thailand. It was named Crown Temple at the time and was later renamed Chang Temple. Temple Arun is a temple commemorating the 41st generation king of Thailand, the national hero Zheng Zhao. Zheng Zhao is of Chinese descent and led the people of all ethnic groups in Thailand to drive away foreign enemies and reorganize the country in 1766.

The main pagoda temple now houses the statue of King Zheng Zhao and his relics, and Chinese-style lanterns are hung in the hall. Wat Arun faces Bangkok across the Chao Phraya River. It is huge in scale, second only to the Grand Palace and Temple of the Emerald Buddha. There is a giant patron saint stone statue at the entrance of the temple. There are five identical pagodas in the temple, one large and four small.

The largest tower is a 79-meter-high Brahmin-style minaret-Bajrang Pagoda, known as Thailand's "Eiffel Tower" and was built in 1809. Both its base and the tower body are square in shape, with many layers, and the area decreases layer by layer, making it look simple and solemn.

Surrounded by four accompanying towers, it forms a large and beautiful group of towers. These solid pagodas have recesses on all sides with layers of Buddha statues. From the ground to the top of the pagoda, they are decorated with various flower patterns inlaid with broken porcelain pieces of various colors.

There are huge pictures painted on the foundation of the pagoda, with vivid shapes and fine carvings. Temple Arun is also known as Wat Arun for two reasons. One is that when King Arun led his army to Thonburi, it happened to be a chicken.

This is how Thai coins are minted. The following is an introduction to some Thai baht coins: (1) 10-baht bi-metal inlaid coin. The obverse image of this coin shows the side profile of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand.

The negative image is good *** The tower is Temple of Dawn and also called Temple of King Arun. Wat Arun is one of the royal temples in Thailand.

Commonly known as Temple Arun, also known as Temple of Dawn. Located in Thonburi on the right bank of the Chao Phraya River, it was built in 1842 by the Ayutthaya Dynasty. It is the largest Mahayana stupa in Thailand. It was named Crown Temple at the time and was later renamed Chang Temple.

Wat Arun is a temple commemorating the 41st generation king of Thailand, the national hero Zheng Zhao. Zheng Zhao is of Chinese descent and led the people of all ethnic groups in Thailand to drive away foreign enemies and reorganize the country in 1766. The main pagoda temple now houses the statue of King Zheng Zhao and his relics, and Chinese-style lanterns are hung in the hall.

Wat Arun faces Bangkok across the Chao Phraya River. It is huge in scale, second only to the Grand Palace and Temple of the Emerald Buddha. There is a giant patron saint stone statue at the entrance of the temple. There are five identical pagodas in the temple, one large Four small. The largest tower is a 79-meter-high Brahmin-style minaret - Bajrang Pagoda, known as Thailand's "Eiffel Tower" and was built in 1809.

The base and the tower body are both square in shape, with many layers and the area decreases layer by layer, making it look simple and solemn. It is surrounded by four accompanying towers that echo it, forming a large and beautiful group of towers.

These solid pagodas have layers of Buddha statues in the recesses on all sides. From the ground to the top of the tower, they are decorated with various flower patterns inlaid with broken porcelain pieces of various colors. There are huge pictures painted on the foundation of the pagoda. The shapes are vivid and the carvings are exquisite.

Temple Arun is also known as Wat Arun for two reasons. One is that when King Zheng led his army to Thonburi, it happened to be the time when the cock crows. King Zheng ordered to go ashore to the Macha Temple to worship Buddha; Because the tower is so high that it reaches into the night sky, Temple Arun is always the first to see dawn every day to welcome the arrival of the sun, so it is called Temple of Dawn. (2) 5 baht, made of copper and nickel, with an outer circle and an inner nonagonal shape.

The obverse image of the coin is the portrait of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand (Rama IX of the Bangkok Dynasty). The image on the back is of the Yunshi Temple in Bangkok.

The Marble Temple is located on Ayutthaya Road in the north of Bangkok. It is also known as the "Marble Temple" and was built by Rama V. There are Buddhist halls, Buddhist scriptures pavilions, corridors, pavilions, Buddhist colleges and other buildings in the temple.

Its main courtyard buildings are all made of marble shipped from Italy. It is luxurious, beautiful and smooth. It is the most Western-style temple in Thai Buddhist temple architecture. There are stone lions guarding both sides of the main hall gate. There is a golden Buddha of Sakyamuni about 3 meters high in the hall.

The windows of the Buddhist temple imitate the architectural style of Western European churches, and are assembled with colored glass to form a Thai pattern. The Chiang La Buddha statue in the main Buddha hall is a replica of the famous Phitsanulok Buddha statue in Thailand.

Behind the main hall is a large courtyard paved with marble. It is vast and quiet, surrounded by corridors on three sides. On the corridor are 51 Buddha statues of various types from all dynasties in Thailand, with lifelike images. The postures are different and lifelike. It combines Chinese and Indian Buddhist plastic art styles and is a model of Thai Buddhism in the 19th century.

In the Bao Xia Buddhist niche behind the Buddha Hall, there is a Buddha statue from his Varavati art period. In addition, there are Chinese or Japanese Buddha statues, and there are many gorgeous pavilions in the temple. There is a marble bell tower on the opposite bank and a bodhi tree.

The white marble pillars and golden roof of Yunshi Temple reflect each other in the sun, making it look noble and beautiful. Together with the quiet and clean garden, it leaves a deep impression on people. (3) 1 baht, copper-nickel material.

The front of the coin shows the side profile of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand (Rama IX of the Bangkok Dynasty), and the image on the back shows the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok. The Temple of the Emerald Buddha is located in the northeast corner of the Grand Palace in Bangkok, the capital.

It is an integral part of the Grand Palace, accounting for 1/4 of the entire Grand Palace. It is the most famous Buddhist temple in Thailand. Its full name is "Jiayuan Nassararanan Buddhist Temple", also known as Huguo Temple. It is the most famous Buddhist temple in Thailand. The only Buddhist temple where no monks live, among the more than 400 temples in Bangkok, the Temple of the Emerald Buddha is the most famous. The 68-centimeter-tall Jade Buddha enshrined in the temple is priceless and is listed as Thailand's three national treasures together with the Reclining Buddha and the Golden Buddha in Bangkok.

The entire building of the Temple of the Emerald Buddha is magnificent, with pavilions, tall towers and corridors, which are either exquisite and clear, glittering with gold and jade, or towering and majestic. It almost concentrates the characteristics of various Buddhist temples in Thailand and is the largest temple in the country.

The Temple of the Emerald Buddha embodies the characteristics of ancient Thai architecture and art, and is known as an artistic treasure of Thai Buddhist architectural sculptures and paintings. The Buddhist temple covers an area of ??21,000 square meters and was first built in 1782. It has 22 large and small temples. The main buildings are the Jade Buddha Hall, Xintian Pavilion, Bell Tower, Sutra Hall, Buddha Bone Hall, and Rattan Shwedagon Pagoda. etc. and the cloister frescoes.

These buildings sit on white marble pedestals and have exquisite patterns on the walls. There are tall octagonal column carvings, lifelike animals, and colorful shells and golden ornaments around it.

A carved lacquer cabinet inlaid with pearls in the Sutra Collection Hall houses early Buddhist scriptures. The decoration inside the temple is extremely splendid, with carved beams and painted pillars, murals covering the walls, and the atmosphere inside the temple is solemn and solemn.

Zheng He’s voyages to the West can still be seen in the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. 4. How long is the history of Buddhism

Buddhism, a major religion in Asia, can be traced back to ancient times: it was founded by Siddhartha Guatama (563-563 BC) in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. Founded in India in 483 BC (Gongwu BC), Sakyamuni is known as Bodhisattva or Buddha by the world.

Sakyamuni was born in what is now Nepal. According to legend, his father is often described as a king or a prince warrior, and his family life is very luxurious. When Sakyamuni was 29 years old, he suddenly had an epiphany and wanted to leave his wife, children, palace and career to find spiritual enlightenment and truth.

He traveled around for 6 years and came to the ancient country of Magadha (now India). During this period, he lived an extremely simple, ascetic life.

He finally decided that this ascetic life would not lead him to the truth, so he gave up the practice of self-denial. One day when he was 35 years old, Gautama Buddha meditated under the banyan tree (also known as the Bodhi tree) in India. Finally, he claimed that he was inspired by God.

After that, the Bodhisattva began to travel throughout the Ganges Valley, teaching people to meditate and adhere to moral behavior as a way to achieve enlightenment. He also built temples to continue his work. 5. The geographical environment of Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai, Thailand, is located in a valley 305 meters above sea level north of Bangkok. It is known as the "Rose of the North". The mountains and rivers here are beautiful and the handicrafts are famous throughout the country. It is the political, economic, cultural and educational center and the second largest city in Thailand. The city of Chiang Mai covers an area of ??40 square kilometers, with a total area of ??20 square kilometers, 107 square kilometers, and a population of 1.5 million. The administrative area is divided into 22 districts. The city is a harmonious place for many ethnic groups such as Thai, Chinese, Miao, Yao, Akha, Lisu and Karen, and most of the residents believe in Buddhism. The antique temples and palaces in Chiang Mai city are scattered with the newly built white buildings, which are full of northern Thailand. The city is dotted with ancient historical and cultural relics, and there are many modern houses, villas, and business buildings. It is bustling with traffic, has unique scenery, and is extremely prosperous. Chiang Mai is also the center of art and architecture in northern Thailand. It retains a large number of cultural relics and is a city of temples and pagodas.

There are nearly a hundred pagodas and temples in the city, dotted with the famous Chiang Mai University, Mizu Agricultural College, and Northwest Institute of Technology. It has many cultural and historical sites and is favored by domestic and foreign tourists. 6. Why is Chiang Mai said to have a long history and culture?

Chiang Mai is an ancient cultural city with a long history. Archaeological findings show that humans lived and lived there more than 2,000 years ago.

But it was not until 1296 that King Mengrai of the Lanna Dynasty established it as the capital of Thailand, and became the economic, cultural and religious center of the northern Thai dynasty at that time. During the era of King Mengrai, Chiang Mai gradually developed into a powerful kingdom in northern Thailand. It carried out large-scale construction projects, built many temples, Buddha statues, and built moats.

To defend and resist the invasion of the Burmese army. Chiang Mai was captured by the Burmese army in 1556, and the Burmese occupied Chiang Mai until 1775, when King Taksin drove the Burmese army back to the Thai-Myanmar border and Chiang Mai was recaptured.

Since the Burmese army occupied Chiang Mai for a long time, Burmese culture, religion, architecture, language and cuisine have a great impact on Chiang Mai, such as the famous Pasin Temple and Chedi Long temple. In addition to its strategic location, Chiang Mai is adjacent to a branch of the ancient Silk Road to the south.

This trade channel carries goods from China and Burma to the Gulf of Siam. The valley here is wide, the land is fertile, and the grain is abundant. Therefore, the Lanna Kingdom was very prosperous in history, and Chiang Mai once became its political and economic center.

From the early 18th to the 19th century, a local monarch named "chao" nominally ruled the city. At that time, Chiang Mai was not under the control of the Siamese Dynasty in Bangkok. After Chulalongkorn (Emperor Rama V) ascended the throne in 1874, he took back control of Chiang Mai. In 1939, Chiang Mai officially became part of the Kingdom of Thailand and became the administrative center of northern Thailand.

In 1996, Chiang Mai held commemorative and celebration activities for the 700th anniversary of the founding of the city. In recent years, foreign tourists have been pouring in here because Chiang Mai is the center of Thai handicrafts. The handmade umbrellas, silverware and wood carvings here are famous at home and abroad.

Culture Chiang Mai is full of rich cultural and artistic atmosphere. When you first arrive in this ancient city, you will have a strong feeling. First, take a tuk-tuk to the city to see the ancient city walls and temples. When night falls, you might as well go to the Mae Bin River to light water lanterns and enjoy the night view.

When Thailand’s ancient Loy Krathong Festival comes, young men and women will put down a lamp by the water and light candles, which means that love will always be sweet. More than 100 kilometers north of Chiang Mai, there is a village where the "long-necked people" live. Girls here wear copper rings on their necks and limbs from the age of five. As they grow older, the number of copper rings on their bodies continues to increase. Increasingly, it is common to see girls in the village walking as fast as they can while carrying more than ten kilograms of copper rings.

Now that this nation is on the verge of extinction, I don’t know how long this unique national culture can be passed on. Chiang Mai is a major handicraft town in Thailand. You can buy Thai paper umbrellas, Thai silk, silverware, wood carvings, etc. at the night market. People who like Taobao love this place very much.

Interested tourists can go to Chiang Mai Handicraft Village to see how they are produced. In the village of hand-painted paper umbrellas, you will be amazed at the complexity of the craftsmanship of a small umbrella. Before leaving, let the craftsmen paint your favorite patterns on your clothes, and it will become a unique work of art in the world. .

There are two places you must visit when visiting Chiang Mai. One is the Elephant School. This elephant school built in the forest not only gathers nearly a hundred elephants, but the elephants who have been trained are very smart and can communicate well with people. For example, when they perform a show, tourists give them food, and they will Express gratitude; when giving money, if there is an elephant trainer around, he will hand it over honestly. If there is no elephant trainer around, he will rush to the stall to buy bananas to satisfy his greed.

These elephants can play football, and there are goalkeepers to save the ball when it is shot towards the goal. The most amazing thing is that some elephants can also draw. Among them, the paintings painted by one of the elephants are no worse than those of famous painters. When decorated, it is an abstract modern painting with great ideas.

Another place is the famous Golden Triangle, which is the place where poppies were grown in the past. Although the poppies are gone and the drug trade in the Mekong River has been cancelled, the poppy exhibition hall is worth a visit, and the Mekong River is also worth visiting. A tour.