Why is Manchuria called Manchuria?

The Japanese called the three eastern provinces "Manchuria", which actually has its historical origin.

Long before there was the title of "Three Eastern Provinces", there was the title of "Manchuria". Not only the Chinese call it this, but also Westerners call the northeastern region of China "Manchuria".

Among them, in the early days, Tsarist Russia followed the name of the Manchus and directly adopted the doctrine of appropriation, calling the land in Northeast China ьчжурия. The pronunciation of this word is "Manzhoulia", which means "Manchuria" People’s territory”.

Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the British have also generally referred to Northeast China as "Manchuria". Its English name is "Manchuria" and its pronunciation is also "Manzhoulia", almost directly absorbing Russian vocabulary. Entered English.

Extended information:

Historical development of Manchuria

In the national sense, the Manchus are the people governed by the Eight Banners system established during the Huang Taiji period, that is, the "banner people" ". In 1616, the Jurchen leader Aixinjueluo Nurhaci established the Houjin Dynasty and launched an attack on the Ming Dynasty. In 1635, Huang Taiji changed the name of the "Jurchen" tribe to "Manchuria". From then on, the name "Manchuria" was also used to refer to the place where the Manchus lived.

Early Civilization

The Manchus (Manchu) are one of the oldest ethnic groups in China and the only ethnic minority to have established the Central Plains dynasty twice in Chinese history. The Manchu people have a long history, and their origins can be traced back to the Xinkailiu culture and Chachong culture of the Sushen tribe about 6,000-7,000 years ago.

The center of the Sushen civilization in the 22nd century BC was Xidu (now Changchun City, Jilin Province). The second generation royal family of the early Sushen Kingdom began to build adobe walls and palaces here. At this time, there was a population About a thousand households.

The archaeological community in my country believes that the Yinggeling primitive society site at the southern end of Jingbo Lake in Ning'an City, Heilongjiang Province, is about 3,000 years old, equivalent to the Western Zhou Dynasty, and should be the cultural relics of Sushen. Many stone tools and pottery were unearthed, including pottery pigs, pottery dogs, and pottery bears. The raising of pigs shows that in ancient times ethnic tribes already lived a relatively stable primitive life based on primitive agriculture and fishing and hunting.

Tao pigs, pottery dogs, and pottery bears were buried in graves as funerary objects, which is a strong proof of worship of the soul of the deceased. "Sushen, an ancestor of the Manchu people, has been mentioned in historical records since the time of Shun and Yu in the 22nd century BC.

The earliest record of the Manchu ancestors' contacts with the Central Plains in history books can be found in the Zhou Dynasty. During the reign of King Wu of Zhou, Sushen When he became king, Sushen sent envoys to pay tribute to Bohai County at the end of the 7th century (mid-Tang Dynasty). Da Zuorong, the leader of the Manchu ancestors, established the Bohai State. At its peak, the Bohai State had hundreds of thousands of soldiers and a population of more than 5 million. It was known as the "Haidong Prosperous State" and its jurisdiction extended to the lower reaches of the Songhua River in the north and to the south. The northern part of the Korean Peninsula is bounded by the sea, and the southwest reaches the northern and eastern parts of present-day Liaoning Province. By the end of the 9th century, the Bohai Kingdom was destroyed by the Liao Dynasty.

Liao Dynasty (equivalent to the Liao Dynasty). During the Northern Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty), the Jurchens in what is now Northeastern China include Southern Jurchens (Mature Jurchens), Northern Jurchens, Sheng Jurchens, Huanglongfu Jurchens, Hue Jurchens, Changbai Mountain Jurchens, etc. These Jurchen tribes do not belong to each other.

Among them, the Wanyan tribe of Zhenzhen gradually became stronger, established the Jin Kingdom, eliminated the Liao Kingdom and occupied the Central Plains area. The Jin Dynasty inherited the monarchy of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liao Kingdom, and the Jin people who moved into the Central Plains were there. The culture and bloodline also gradually merged with the Central Plains people.

Jin Dynasty Period

The Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), also known as the Jin Dynasty, was founded by Jin Taizu. Wanyan Aguda (leader of the Jurchen Wanyan tribe) was founded in 1115, and his capital was Huiningfu (now Acheng District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province). He conquered the Liao Dynasty in 1125, and later moved the capital to Zhongdu (now Beijing) the following year. The capital was moved to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan).

In the third year of Tianxing (1234), it was destroyed by a joint attack by Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty. A powerful regime, its ruling scope in its heyday was from the northeast to the Sea of ??Japan and the Heilongjiang River Basin; to the northwest to the Hetao area; to the west it bordered Xixia; to the south it bordered the Southern Song Dynasty from the Qinling Mountains to the Huaihe River.

In the process of Wanyan Aguda unifying the Jurchen tribes and expanding outward, the Jurchen tribes were also closely gathered together. People had a clearer understanding of a unified Jurchen nation. During the Jin Dynasty's rule in the Central Plains, the Jurchen tribes who entered the Central Plains gradually Hanized but maintained relative national independence.

Until the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the Mongolian Empire in 1234, except for the Jurchens who stayed in the Northeast and later returned to the Northeast, the Jurchens who stayed in the Central Plains remained. In the process of living together with the Han nationality for a long time, they gradually merged and eventually became part of the Han nationality in the north.

Baidu Encyclopedia--Manchuria