Garden city Singapore

Different sections, countries and regions, nationalities and cultures have different concepts of the times, cultural connotations, national characteristics and different regional features. This concept was first put forward in 182 by the famous ideas of ...

1, "Garden City" and "Garden City"

"Garden City", which showed strong political, ideological and social features from the embryonic stage, and also had different concepts of the times, cultural connotations, national characteristics and different regional features due to different historical development stages, countries and regions, nationalities and cultures. This concept was first put forward by the famous utopian socialist Robert Owen 1771-1858) in 182. After experiencing the disadvantages of industrial cities in Britain and the United States and witnessing the destruction of nature by the wave of industrialization, Ebenezer Howard 183-1928), a famous British planning expert, put forward the theory of "garden city" in 1898. The central idea is to enable people to live in a new type of city with good social and economic environment and beautiful natural environment. The pattern of "Garden City" is a radial concentric structure composed of core, six rays and several circles. Each circle is green space, municipal facilities, commercial service area, residential area and peripheral green belt from the center to the outside, and then the industrial area is arranged within a certain distance. The whole city is divided into different urban units by the green belt network, and each unit has a certain population capacity limit (about 3 thousand people). The new population will expand to the new town outside along the radiation. Since the beginning of the 2th century, with the planning and construction of a series of new garden villages, new garden areas and garden cities, such as Leschworth Garden City near London, Willing Garden City and Canberra, the capital of Australia, the ideal of "garden city" has become a reality.

The "Garden City" from ideal to practice is the product of world politics and economy, mutual penetration and communication between social science and natural science, mutual reference and development, and the great accumulation of human spirit and material civilization.

The selection of "Garden City" was initiated by China's Ministry of Construction in 1992, and ten standards were formulated, with the aim of promoting the development of landscape greening and improving the urban environment.

Although the names of "garden city" and "garden city" are different, they pursue the same goal, which is to promote the sustainable development of the city and create a harmonious environment between man and nature.

2. Experience in building a "garden city" in Singapore

Singapore is located at 1 degree north latitude, with a land area of 646 square kilometers and a population of 3.2 million, which is equivalent to the population of a mega-city in China and has similar climatic conditions with many tropical cities in China. In March this year, the author had the honor to participate in the technical training of "Building and Managing a Garden City" sponsored by Singapore National Park Service, witnessed the construction practice of Singapore's garden city, and systematically learned the history, present situation and development trend of its garden city construction from colleagues in Singapore.

The most attractive place of Singapore is its good green environment, which has become one of its important tourist attractions. But this is not a natural coincidence, but the result of careful planning. Its urban planning has a special chapter "Green and Blue Planning", which is equivalent to the urban green space system planning in China. The plan is to ensure that Singapore still has a green and clean environment under the condition of rapid urbanization, and make full use of water bodies and green spaces to improve the quality of life of Singaporeans. Pay special attention to building more parks and open spaces in planning and construction; Connect the major parks with green corridors; Attach importance to protecting the natural environment; Make full use of the coastline and make the water system on the island suitable for leisure needs. In the 198s, urban construction in Singapore developed rapidly under the guidance of planning. While focusing on the future, government departments realized the importance of protecting valuable historical buildings and cultural heritage, so they delineated the buildings and related areas that needed to be protected and set up the National Protection Bureau to take charge of this work. In this booming city, plants create a cool and shady environment, weaken the rigid lines of reinforced concrete frame and glass curtain wall, and increase the color of the city. The goal of urban construction in Singapore is to make people feel that they are in a garden-like city when they leave their offices, homes or schools. Therefore, Singapore has achieved the following indicators: in apartment-type real estate development projects, the construction land should be less than 4% of the total land; There should be a 1-hectare park in the township built by each housing development bureau; There should be a 1.5-hectare park within 5 meters of the residential area of each building built by the Housing Development Bureau; There should be .4 hectares of open space per thousand people in real estate projects.

lee Kuan yew, the former prime minister of Singapore, saw the experience and lessons of European and American countries in solving urban problems in the process of leading to industrialized developed countries. at the early stage of Singapore's construction, he began to introduce the theory of "garden city" and persistently implemented it, which handled the problem of combining the city with nature well, thus improving Singapore's popularity and creating good conditions for it to develop tourism, attract foreign investment extensively and increase its strength in opening up. Through the construction of garden city, Singapore has shown the world the elegance of its tropical city and formed a unique urban style, providing a healthy and high-quality living environment for people living there.

In 1965, Singapore established an independent Republic, and the large-scale reconstruction of the city began at that time, and the idea of building a garden city was also formed. From 196s to 199s, when the concept of building a "garden city" was first put forward, Singapore put forward new goals in different development periods to improve the construction level of a garden city. In the 196s, it was proposed to purify Singapore by greening, vigorously planting street trees and building parks to provide open space for citizens. In 197s, the road greening plan was formulated, the application of colorful plants in environmental greening was strengthened, the greening of special spaces (lampposts, pedestrian overpasses, retaining walls, etc.) was emphasized, leisure and entertainment facilities were added in green spaces, and newly developed areas were planted with trees and parking lots were afforested. In the 198s, it was proposed to plant fruit trees, add special leisure facilities, make long-term strategic plans, realize mechanized operation and computerized management, and introduce more colorful and fragrant plant species. In the 199s, it was proposed to build ecologically balanced parks, develop more and more theme parks, introduce exciting entertainment facilities, build a corridor system connecting parks, strengthen the planting of shade trees on sidewalks, reduce maintenance costs and increase mechanized operations. Because the Singapore government realized the importance of the urban environment earlier, gardens can not only create the economic benefits of "increasing the value of real estate", but also reflect the comprehensive quality and mental outlook of the people, thus making the movement of building a "garden city" deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and reaching an understanding with the general public. All these have injected vitality into the construction of Singapore's "garden city".

Singapore, which is relatively deficient in landscape resources, has formed its own urban characteristics through the integration of garden city, tourist facilities, sanitation, environmental protection and legal management. Singapore's experience can be used for reference in the development of China, especially in the construction and management of its "garden city" and in the construction of China's "garden city". Singapore has entered the ranks of developed countries. It has a similar cultural background to China, but its practice of "garden city" began 35 years ago when people were underdeveloped and were rushing for jobs and housing. In a sense, China is at a certain stage of development in Singapore. We should combine the national conditions and avoid detours in the process of heading for a "moderately developed country", so that the country and the city can get the greatest political, ecological, economic and social benefits through garden construction. Posted in China Paper Download Center.