On the Cultural Construction of Tourist Cities

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Cultural market refers to the market formed by cultural products and cultural entertainment activities that enter the circulation and consumption fields in the form of commodities. The cultural market is driven by the interaction between consumers and producers of cultural products. The popularization of cultural demand and the differentiation of cultural workers have led to the formation of contemporary cultural market. The formation of cultural market, the industrialization of cultural products, the market-oriented mode of production and circulation, and the universal enjoyment of mass media and scientific and technological products have had a far-reaching impact on the construction and management of urban cultural market. ?

As far as tourist cities are concerned, the cultural market is an important consumption field for urban tourists. As an important carrier of spiritual civilization in tourist cities, it is the main display direction of spiritual civilization in tourist cities. The construction and management of cultural market is an important task of tourist city, which has a far-reaching impact on the economic development of the city and the industrial upgrading of tourism. ?

1. What is the structural relationship between tourist cities and cultural markets?

The development of cultural market and urban economy in tourist cities influence and restrict each other. City is the external space for the development of cultural market, which can provide necessary resources, material and institutional support for the development of cultural market, and its internal innovation mechanism is the source of vitality for the development of cultural market. Cultural market is one of the most dynamic market fields, which can fully display a city's cultural taste and material prosperity. Its development is not only the performance of urban development, but also can promote the sustainable prosperity of urban tourism and urban economy at a higher level. ?

(a) the development of urban economy is the basis for the development of cultural market in tourist cities?

The rich cultural resources of tourist cities are the basis of the development of cultural markets. Tourist cities can provide historical and cultural resources for the construction and development of cultural markets, human resources for creative spiritual labor and material and technical conditions for people to carry out cultural production. In addition, the developed economy of the city can provide corresponding financial and technical support for the development of the cultural market and determine the production scale and operating efficiency of the cultural market. Various economic systems and operating mechanisms of cities can also provide rich institutional basis for the development of urban cultural markets. ?

At the same time, the developed tourism economy in tourist cities is the material platform for the development of cultural markets. Culture itself is the product of the development of social productive forces to a certain stage, and the economic development level of a city determines the development scale of the cultural market. Due to the spatial agglomeration effect and historical tourism tradition, the development level of tourism economy in tourist cities is generally higher than that in other types of cities. The growing demand for cultural consumption in tourist cities can provide a broad cultural consumption market, leisure time and income for the development of cultural industries, which are important determinants of cultural market demand. The education level of ordinary consumers and tourists and the social development level of the city determine the product level and grade required by the cultural market, which is the guiding factor for the production of specific cultural products. ?

(2) Can the development of cultural market promote the sustainable development of urban economy?

The development of cultural market is an important driving force for the economic development of tourist cities. Cultural and artistic activities are not only the source of economic development, investment in culture can affect the whole social and economic situation, and cultural development can also attract industry and commerce and raise real estate prices. Therefore, the development of cultural market has an obvious role in promoting the economic development of tourist cities. Because the cultural service industry is generally a labor-intensive industry, it is not only conducive to increasing the number of jobs in this industry, but also to promoting the growth of employment in related industries. ?

The development of cultural market is conducive to improving citizens' cultural quality and quality of life. The prosperity and development of the cultural market marks the richness and innovation of the cultural product system and directly serves people's spiritual enjoyment and development. It not only meets the cultural needs of urban residents, but also provides spiritual motivation and intellectual support for urban development, which has played a powerful role in promoting social coordination and progress. A developed cultural market is also conducive to the formation of urban characteristics and the expansion of urban influence. The characteristics and influence of the city will constitute an important part of the city image and make the city in a favorable position in regional economic competition. Culture is a development force. When culture and high technology are integrated, it can further promote the integration trend of culture and economy. ?

The development of cultural market is conducive to the optimization of economic structure of tourist cities. Developed cultural market is an important symbol of urban investment and living environment, and also an important driving force for urban social development. It can not only improve the city's humanistic environment and cultural taste, but also improve the city's industrial structure and promote the optimal development of the city's economic structure. ?

(3) Can the cultural market promote the development of urban tourism economy?

According to the industrial level, the cultural market of tourist cities can be divided into three basic levels: cultural entertainment industry, cultural collection industry and folk-custom historical sites viewing industry, which are closely related to tourism. The development of cultural market can provide sufficient cultural elements for the development of tourism and more cultural choices for tourists' tourism consumption. The inheritance and dynamic nature of the cultural market determines that it can not only provide tourists with the historical ornamental elements they need, but also adjust them according to the changes of tourism fashion and provide them with the cultural entertainment methods they need, which has a vital impact on the development of urban tourism economy. ?

Of course, tourists' cultural consumption is a transitive consumption form, which can not only bring tourists a pleasant consumption experience, but also convey the cultural brand of tourist cities through the flow of cultural goods, thus contributing to the spread of urban cultural image and, in turn, promoting the development of urban tourism economy at a deeper level. ?

2. What are the main problems in the construction of cultural markets in tourist cities?

The construction of cultural market in tourist cities should not only consider the characteristics of culture itself, but also operate on the basis of market, so as to adapt it to the needs of tourism economic development. But in reality, the cultural market construction of tourist cities faces many contradictions and problems. ?

(A) the contradiction between cultural marketization and non-marketization?

Cultural market is the trading place of cultural products, and its characteristics are directly rooted in the characteristics of cultural products. Cultural activity is a kind of spiritual activity, which embodies an intrinsic value. Cultural products are the result of materialization of cultural activities and represent an external use value. The conflict between them also constitutes a common basic contradiction in the cultural market, that is, the contradiction between the marketization of culture and the non-marketization of culture. Cultural marketization requires the management subject to macro-control the production behavior of cultural products under the operating mechanism of market rules to meet the growing cultural consumption demand of the people. The non-marketization of culture requires the state to support and manage cultural creation with high value and low market consumption, such as the support of pure art, the non-profit dissemination of elegant culture, and the planning and construction of public cultural products. All these need the support and promotion of the state functional departments through appropriate means. The support and management of this culture by tourist cities can often promote the marketization of cultural production and its sustainable development. For example, driven by tourism, Miao Xiu, which few people were interested in before, has become a popular craft for Miao youth to learn. ?

(2) The contradiction between the non-consumption of cultural value and the consumption of cultural products?

General goods will lose their value in use, while cultural works will not reduce their intrinsic value because of people's use. On the contrary, over time, they tend to make themselves more precious. The consumption of cultural works requires the active participation of consumers, and people must make spiritual efforts to appreciate them, that is to say, only people with corresponding aesthetic ability can appreciate cultural works. Therefore, cultural works are essentially non-consuming. However, cultural products must be consumable to become products. Therefore, the tourism development of cultural products should not only maintain the authenticity of culture, but also meet the needs of tourism consumption. Therefore, some tourist cities have adopted the idea that the real development of culture and the "real stage" of cultural display coexist, trying to solve the above contradictions. ?

(3) The contradiction between the intangibility of cultural value and the measurability of cultural products?

Culture in a broad sense is the general name of all the achievements of material civilization and spiritual civilization created by human activities. Due to the spirituality of cultural creation itself and the accumulation of time, the intrinsic value of cultural works is intangible and cannot be accurately measured. It can only be roughly evaluated by the general principles of its scarcity and value compensation. However, as a commodity circulating in the market, cultural products must be measurable and accurately evaluated. Only in this way can they enter the market and obtain trading qualifications. Obviously, the contradiction between the two will hinder the marketization of culture. Especially in the development of cultural relics and historic sites in tourist cities, because it is impossible to price cultural relics and historic sites, its marketization faces more market obstacles and administrative obstacles, so that many places have the concept of "no" price or low price in the development of cultural relics and historic sites, which leads to the destructive and wasteful use of these cultural resources. ?

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(D) Difficulties in macro-coordination of cultural market construction in tourist cities?

Tourist cities not only have the functions of ordinary cities, but also have the functions of sightseeing. The main problems in urban cultural market management are too many policies and high operating costs for operators. According to the relevant regulations, in addition to the press and publication, radio and television, and culture as the competent departments of the market, "the relevant departments of industry and commerce, public security, taxation, postal services, transportation, railways, customs, ports, frontier defense, etc. shall bear the management responsibility for the cultural market according to their respective responsibilities, and support and actively cooperate with the press and publication, radio and television, culture and other competent departments to do a good job in the management of the cultural market." In addition, urban management, epidemic prevention (audio-visual outlets also need health certificates), greening, environmental protection, streets, neighborhood committees and other departments are also partly responsible for the management of the cultural market. Under this management system, the three industry levels of the cultural market belong to different management departments, so the city's cultural market has been under the leadership of many leaders for a long time, and the management departments are numerous and chaotic. Theoretically, multi-sector joint management is conducive to departmental coordination. However, under the existing system of our country, due to the lack of binding mechanism, it is difficult to keep the interests of all departments consistent, which often leads to the phenomenon of buck passing. ?

Third, the positioning management of cultural market construction in tourist cities?

On the macro level, the construction of tourist city cultural market should mainly solve its overall development orientation, and promote the construction and prosperity of urban cultural market through scientific and reasonable orientation. ?

(A) Evaluation of the current situation of the cultural market in tourist cities?

Status evaluation is an analysis and description of the urban development stage, the basic resources of cultural market and the current situation of cultural market construction and management, and it is the direct basis for the development and positioning of urban cultural market. The specific factors to be considered shall include the constituent factors contained in table 1.

As shown in table 1, the development stage of a city mainly analyzes the economic, political and tourism development level of a tourist city, which is an external determinant closely related to the positioning of the urban cultural market. The present situation of urban cultural market resources mainly analyzes the cultural resources attributes of the city and its relationship with tourism. The current situation of cultural market construction and management mainly analyzes the current situation of cultural market development in this city and the corresponding system support system. ?

(B) the development orientation of the cultural market in tourist cities?

The development orientation of urban cultural market is the result of comprehensive analysis of many factors in the city, which can be based on the external influencing factors of cultural market construction and management. The cultural market positioning of tourist cities should not only consider the specific factors of the region, but also combine the existing characteristics of tourist cities in the cultural market and the needs of tourism development to make a comprehensive judgment. ?

The orientation of urban cultural market construction mainly refers to the overall planning and systematic determination of the development trend of urban cultural market, which includes the establishment of several elements such as the industrial level, development focus, development form of related enterprises and regional differentiation of cultural industries. The overall planning of cultural market construction should be based on three basic positioning categories, namely, the overall development orientation of the city, the development orientation of urban tourism and the mainstream trend of cultural market development. ?

1 What is the overall development orientation of the city?

The overall development orientation of the city mainly considers the correlation between cultural market and economic factors such as urban development goals and urban leading industries. This is one of the economic bases for the development of cultural market. (see table 2)?

2. What is the development orientation of urban tourism?

The development orientation of urban tourism is to consider the development trend of urban cultural market from the perspective of tourism development, with the aim of finding the overlap between the two, so that the development orientation of cultural market can basically meet the development needs of urban tourism. ?

Tourism industry and cultural industry are typical complementary industries. To develop the cultural market of tourist cities, we should develop different cultural products according to the tourism market to meet the special cultural needs of different types of tourists. However, due to the limited resources, the development of tourism cultural products must be focused and orderly. The dominant tourist source is the tourist group with the largest number of tourists and the strongest purchasing power in tourist cities. Therefore, the tourism cultural products that are mainly developed and developed first should be aimed at the dominant tourists in the tourist city, and the cultural value orientation, aesthetics and other personality factors of the dominant tourists should be fully considered to design the corresponding cultural products. ?

What is the mainstream trend of cultural market development?

The mainstream trend of urban cultural market development is to describe and judge the aesthetic trend of cultural products and cultural markets, the development direction of industrial enterprises and the changing trend of national system norms, which determines the industrial level of cultural markets and is also the basis for planning specific cultural enterprises. Moreover, these contents can reflect the mainstream industrial competition mode in the field of urban cultural market, and the development of industrial enterprises should regard it as an external market norm and obtain their own development through integration with it. ?

(3) How to deal with the relationship between the orientation of leading industries and the orientation of cultural market in tourist cities?

The orientation of urban leading industries profoundly affects the orientation of urban cultural industries. There are two basic relationships between leading industries and cultural industries, namely competition and complementarity. A city's economic development resources are limited and specific in a specific period. Cities should put all kinds of resources into their leading industries and leading industries, such as providing various preferential policies (investment, loans, taxes, foreign exchange earning incentives, etc.). ), arrange special funds, attract investment from key industries, and mobilize relevant departments to cooperate. However, the allocation of resources is changing, and the resources invested in leading industries are increasing, so the resources invested in cultural industries will decrease accordingly. At the same time, there is competition for talents between leading industries and cultural industries, and the most important wealth in the era of knowledge economy is talents. Therefore, when cities accumulate talents, they should not only consider the needs of leading industries, but also the needs of cultural industries and tourism development. ?

The complementarity between leading industries and cultural industries includes two basic types: basic complementarity and advantage complementarity. Basic complementarity means that the development of cultural industries should provide spiritual motivation and intellectual support for the development of leading industries, while leading industries should provide material basis for the development of cultural industries. Complementary advantages mean that the development of leading industries should directly promote the development of cultural industries, and cultural industries should also directly promote the development of leading industries. Cities with tourism as the leading industry can promote exchanges between different cultural systems, expand the scope of cultural markets, increase the number of consumers, and promote the rise and development of tourism cultural markets. On the contrary, the development of cultural market should include local folk tourism, religious tourism, historical tourism, cultural appreciation and other types of cultural tourism. ?

The relationship between leading industry and cultural industry is often competitive and complementary, so the construction of cultural market in tourist cities must carefully analyze the dialectical relationship between cultural industry and urban leading industry, and make use of all available manpower, material resources and financial resources to promote the prosperity of cultural market. ?

Fourth, the conclusion?

The construction and management of urban cultural market is a systematic development process with its unique laws. As a tourist city, its cultural market is one of the components of urban tourism products. The construction of cultural market directly affects the image of the city and the taste of urban tourism products. Scientific and reasonable cultural market construction is conducive to promoting the development of urban economy and the upgrading of tourism in tourist cities.

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