Does anyone have information about Tibet travel?

Tibet is located in the southwest border of the motherland. The special natural ecology and social processes have created Tibet’s special industrial structure. For a long time, in Tibet, only agriculture, industry, and animal husbandry were “real businesses.” The resulting industrial structure and clusters not only failed to reflect their own characteristics, but also inhibited the timely start of some highly profitable industries.

It can be seen from the examples in the past few years that tourism has great potential in Tibet. It not only plays a huge role in improving the lives of the Tibetan people and improving the quality of the entire nation, but also has a significant impact on the adjustment and adjustment of Tibet's industrial structure. The gradual move towards rationalization has a greater catalytic function. So, how to effectively explore the potential of Tibet’s tourism industry? I think that is to take a path of nationalization that belongs to Tibet, that is, to vigorously develop the fertile land of Tibetan folk tourism.

1 Tibetan Folk Tourism Resources

Culture is the result of long-term accumulation of human beings. The culture of a country or a nation has its own historical development process. Folk custom is the carrier of the traditional culture of a country or a nation. Folk custom is the best window to understand the culture of a country or a nation. Tibetan folk culture is the aggregation of the spiritual journey and social vicissitudes of people of multiple ethnic groups, with Tibet as the main body, over thousands of years. It is a dynamic cultural sphere that is thousands of miles across and tens of thousands of years along the vertical axis. Due to the special historical atmosphere and natural background of Tibetan folk culture, Tibetan folk tourism resources are rich and colorful. Specifically include: 1. Magical and charming places of interest and legends.

Tibet’s scenic spots and historic sites are closely related to the gods, saints, ancestors, and religious spirits. They are all imbued with beautiful and moving myths and legends. Therefore, although Tibet’s natural landscape is a creation of nature, it still shows the social influence. Cultural characteristics ① should belong to the category of Tibetan folk tourism resources.

<1>Majestic peaks and legends

The Tibetan Plateau is known as the "Roof of the World". On its 1.22 million square kilometers of land, there are five There are more than 40 peaks above 8,000 meters and ice peaks and snow ridges above 7,000 meters. They are like rows of white jade pillars, rising high into the sky. Mount Everest, which is more than 8,800 meters above sea level, is even more tall, vigorous and beautiful. Regarding her "life experience", there is also a beautiful "true" story spread: Legend has it that in the past, the Himalayas and Mount Everest were a place where flowers bloomed. A beautiful place, this is the mountains that connect the human world and the fairyland, with beautiful scenery and hundreds of singing birds. One day, there was a commotion in this holy land, and a group of monsters suddenly came and occupied this paradise. They committed evil acts, killing birds and animals, destroying flowers and trees. At this time, a fairy wrapped in silver makeup walked down from the colorful auspicious clouds. She was the Snow Mountain Goddess Everest. Her body is plump, and her eyes radiate justice and kindness. She uses her noble luster to turn into golden swords of sunshine. Her plain white dress shines as it flutters. She uses the power hidden in her body to The infinite magic power subdued these demons and suppressed them under the mountain. Just like that, the spring breeze of heaven blew slowly, the birds sang again, and everything returned to the same tranquility, beauty and harmony as in heaven. All things are full of life here, turning this place into a paradise on earth.

Such as this, Tibet is full of mountain peaks and snow-capped ridges. There is no mountain without stories, and there is no mountain range without human activities. They deify and sanctify the mountains, so that tourists can accept them when they are influenced by the natural beauty. Social beauty factors.

<2>Beautiful lakes and their legends

There are more than 1,500 beautiful plateau lakes dotted all over the country, with a total area of ??23,800 square kilometers, accounting for about 1,000 square meters of the total lakes in my country. 30% of the area. Mafamutso, Yamdrok Yumco, Qilingco, Pangong Lake, etc. are all famous lakes in Tibet. Among them, Namtso (Tibetan meaning: "Sky Lake") is the highest lake in the world, with an altitude of more than 4,700 meters and an area of ??1,993 square kilometers. It is surrounded by the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains and the islands in the lake are beautiful. Like the stars, some are like turtles and some are like ducks, each with its own shape and appearance. Especially Zhaduo Island on the southern shore of the lake is full of strange rocks and strange caves. There are flocks of cranes inside and outside the lake, dancing gracefully on the lake, resting on the lakeshore, and having wedding scenes. There are thick accumulations of bird eggs on Daoshan, and there are swarms of fish and shrimps in the lake. Fishing by the lakeside at dusk is a unique pleasure. The land along the coast is fertile, with abundant water and grass, wild flowers, fat cattle and sheep, and beautiful scenery. The weather is clear and the main peak of Nyenchen Tanglha Mountain is clearly visible reflected in the lake. Every year during the fifth and sixth months of the Tibetan calendar, many devout religious believers come here to pray and make pilgrimages to the mountains, so the lake is also known as the "Holy Lake". Along with the breathtaking scenery, there are also many legends and stories, making Namu Lake even more fascinating.

(3) Numerous temples

The special geographical environment and history of the Tibetan Plateau have led to the formation of a special political system on the Tibetan Plateau very early, that is, the integration of politics and religion. system. Due to the widespread influence of religion, there are many temples on the plateau, as bright as stars. There are both primitive Bon temples and Buddhist temples. Jokhang Temple, Ramoche Temple, Ganden Temple, Sera Temple, Drepung Temple, Tashilhunpo Temple, Baiju Temple, Samye Temple, Pujiu Temple, etc. are all monasteries with great influence in Tibet. The temples here are integrated into each other, forming an independent political entity and religious community.

They not only have their own political institutions, but also form a special religious folk culture. Although the folk culture of these temples is inextricably linked to Tibetan folk culture, because it is active in the palace of religion, it is based on It is created based on the outlook on life and world view of religious believers, thus presenting a unique religious folk culture that is different from Tibetan folk culture and purely religious culture. This folk culture is an important part of Tibetan folk culture. It is also an important resource and treasure house for Tibetan folk tourism.

(4) Historical sites

Human beings have existed on the Tibetan Plateau since ancient times and have created a splendid culture. This conclusion is confirmed by numerous ancient settlement sites excavated on the Tibetan Plateau after liberation. Such as the Karuo ruins in Qamdo, the Qugong Village ruins in Lhasa, the Guge Dynasty ruins in Ali, etc. The discovery of these ancient ruins not only shows the great wisdom of Tibet's ancient ancestors, but also proves that the ancient Tibetan Plateau has been undergoing vigorous cultural orogeny.

On the south bank of the Xiangquan River in Zada ??County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, there is a majestic city wall and palace ruins. On the northeastern hillside, there are more than 300 houses and 300 caves densely covered with honeycombs, separated by red walls and white walls. These hundreds of houses are stacked on top of the mountain, layer by layer, until the top of the mountain, forming a A majestic ancient building complex. There are secret passages extending in all directions within the building complex. When tourists see this, they can imagine how prosperous and rich folk culture this ancient plateau kingdom once was.

The Kano site in Qamdo is the Neolithic site with the highest altitude and the most westerly longitude discovered in my country so far. A large number of buildings, plant seeds, animal bones, stone tools and pottery were unearthed from the Kano site. There are also many patterns on the utensils. Through the analysis of a large number of relics unearthed from the site, we have not only increased our understanding of the production of ancient Tibetan residents. activities, social and economic conditions, social customs and customs, and also provides physical evidence for the original social history and customs of the Tibetan people. These ancient ruins not only enable tourists to fully understand Tibet's past, but also deepen their understanding of the inheritance of Tibetan folk culture.

(5) Magnificent Ancient Tombs

There are many burial customs in Tibet. The ones that are popular nowadays include sky burial, water burial, cremation, pagoda burial, etc. So are earth burials still popular in Tibet? ? What is the role of burial in burial customs? The tomb sites scattered across the Tibetan Plateau can provide strong evidence.

Among the many tombs on the plateau, the famous ones are the Lieshan Tombs Group in Lang County, Tibet and the Punugou Ancient Tombs Group, Nedong County, Tibet.

The mountain tombs in Lang County, Tibet: There are 184 sealed tombs. Most of the sealed tombs are trapezoidal (153), there are also square (27), round (28), and Asian tombs. Zigzag (1), the burial equipment is mainly a rectangular sarcophagus made of stacked stone slabs, and some directly place the corpse in a semicircular hole made of stacked stone slabs. The burial style is bent-limb burial, and there are two sacrificial places and a stone tablet base.

The Punugou ancient tombs in Naidong, Tibet are all made of isosceles trapezoidal stone frames and sealed with earth. The shape of the tomb includes a vertical single coffin built with stone in a vertical hole, multiple coffins built with stone in a vertical hole, and a stone coffin in a vertical hole. There are also a large number of accessories, mainly pottery and ornaments.

These ancient mausoleums contain rich Tibetan folk cultural materials, such as: the location of the mausoleum construction, the furnishings in the mausoleum, the white stones and black stones in the mausoleum, the number of objects in the mausoleum, and the style of the mausoleum. , the burial style of the corpse in the mausoleum, the sacrificial site near the mausoleum, etc. These are the objectification and concretization of the folk concepts and religious folk culture of the people on the Tibetan Plateau, and these tombs are all magnificent and were built for the royal officials of Tibet at that time. Therefore, ancient tomb-style Tibetan burials are relatively noble burial rituals.

(6) Spectacular ancient buildings

The masters of the plateau not only created a high degree of material civilization, but also created spiritual civilization very early, in which consciousness and the material reproduction of civilization It's architecture. Their buildings are spectacular and majestic, such as Potala Palace, Norbulingka, etc. These buildings are densely scattered in every corner of the plateau. Another type of architecture that is popular on the plateau - the "upper building and lower house" style residential building. Walls are usually built with stones or rammed earth. The interior is supported by wooden pillars. The roof is made of earth and can be used as a flat roof. terrace. Most of them are built in high places facing the sun, facing north and south.

The residential buildings of the people on the Tibetan Plateau not only reflect their production technology level, but also reflect their beliefs and customs to varying degrees. In Tibetan architectural houses, the fire pit is a sacred place. The whole house is painted with white tsampa powder "卍" and highland barley wheat ears. The door is painted with "sun and moon" patterns. Prayer flags are inserted on the roof and yak heads and sheep horns are hung on the roof. White stones, etc., these customs constitute the local and national characteristics of Xizang architecture, which are extremely attractive to domestic and foreign tourists.

To sum up, the scenic spots, cultural relics and historic sites of the Tibetan Plateau are accompanied by the historical changes and vicissitudes of the plateau people. They are not displayed in front of tourists in a purely natural form, but speak to the Tibetan people. The joys and sorrows of Tibet are the heart of the Tibetan people. Because of this, when people appreciate and praise monuments, they often combine them with imagination and association of life, and regard scenic spots and historic sites as spiritual mimicry of people. When tourists praise monuments, they also praise people.

Tourists' love and yearning for scenic spots and historic sites not only come from their natural beauty, but also sometimes come from admiration and nostalgia for a famous figure who fought against the evil forces of nature at a certain scenic spot, and sometimes because of the beautiful myths left behind by ancient times. Sometimes it is because a certain religious leader leaves precious footprints, relics, etc. at places of interest.

The scenic spots and historic sites on the Tibetan Plateau are accompanied by legends and customs, so as long as we protect these natural and man-made landscapes, and discover the legends, stories, customs and beliefs contained in these historic sites and scenic spots, tourism will be When sightseeing, visitors not only see the natural landscape, but also get a glimpse of the historical process, people's mentality, and cultural color of the Tibetan Plateau.

2. The magnificent and colorful Tibetan folk customs

Tibet is an ethnic settlement area dominated by Tibetans. As early as the Neolithic Age, the Tibetan ancestors have lived and multiplied on this young and ancient plateau. They have created a splendid culture, especially the Tibetan folk culture, which is dominated by Tibetans, is even more dazzling and colorful. It provides important resources for the tourism industry in Tibet today.

① Clothing folk customs

Clothing folk customs refer to the customs and habits of people wearing clothes, shoes and hats, wearing and decorating them.

The emergence of Tibetan costumes is related to the environment and climate conditions where Tibetan people live. The costumes on the plateau are diverse and colorful. Different genders, different ages have different costumes, different seasons, different regions have different costumes; different occupations and different ethnic groups have different costumes. These numerous costumes are a comprehensive cultural heritage of the Tibetan people, containing a wide range of social content. They are often associated with numerous cultural events, reflecting not only the level of Tibetan economic development, but also the complex social consciousness of the Tibetan people. At the same time, it also provides a window for tourists inside and outside the region to understand Tibetan culture.

②Food folk customs

As the saying goes, food is the most important thing for the people. It can be seen that diet plays a very important role in people's lives. In the long-term historical development process of Tibet, due to the development of social productivity and the continuous improvement of economic and cultural life, eating skills, eating culture and customs have been continuously enriched in Tibetan people's lives.

The Tibetan diet mainly consists of tsampa, dried meat, milk residue, Tibetan snacks, milk tea, butter tea, and highland barley wine, and the ratio varies greatly with different regions. These foods are given to tourists from other places to taste, making them feel fresh and delicious and have endless aftertaste. In addition, there are many taboos and rules in Tibetan food, which are all part of Tibetan food customs.

③Festival customs during the year

There are many Tibetan festivals. According to statistics in my book "Tibetan Folk Festival Culture", there are more than 100, and different regions have different festivals. Tibetan festivals are of great significance in the field of Zang folklore. Because Tibetan festival folk custom is a comprehensive cultural phenomenon. Although it is held in a certain season, its content is all-encompassing. It is a comprehensive reflection of politics, economy, production, life (food, clothing, housing and transportation), religious beliefs, culture and art, social interactions, national psychology, etc.

Tibetan festivals include religious festivals, productive festivals, cultural festivals, etc. During Tibetan festivals, people’s clothing and food are representative and ethnic. Therefore, it is not only a good opportunity for people to exchange ideas and information, but also an excellent opportunity to display folk culture. Making full use of Tibetan festival folk customs to serve tourism is one of the contents of Tibet tourism.

④Folk literature and art mainly based on "The Biography of King Gesar"

The wilderness villages on the Tibetan Plateau are filled with the voice of Gesar and left behind everywhere Gesar's footprints. Tibetan folk literature and art with Gesar as the core is even more brilliant and colorful. There are myths about ancestors and magical and touching legends; there are epics recording national heroes and the humorous Agudengba; there are exciting folk stories and folk Tibetan operas that include dancing and singing. In short, Tibetan folk literature not only provides Tibetan people with a place to express their passions, but also prospers and enriches the literature of Tibet and the world. At the same time, it also provides conditions for Tibet, a fertile land, to attract foreign tourists.

Two functional characteristics of Tibetan folk tourism

The tourism industry is called the "smoke-free industry" and is the third largest industry after the petroleum industry and the automobile industry. Tourism revenue It has become an important pillar of the national economy of many countries, so the development of tourism is also based on this criterion. So how does Tibetan folk tourism bring economic benefits? What functions does it have?

“Tourism is an economic undertaking with a strong cultural aspect, and it is also a cultural undertaking with a strong economic aspect.” ②

As an important part of Tibet’s tourism industry, folk tourism not only achieves impressive results in terms of economic benefits, but is also of immeasurable value to the construction of Tibetan culture.

1. Folk tourism has huge advantages in attracting tourists and increasing customer sources with its unique strength.

Tibet’s tourism industry started relatively late, but due to the plateau’s special scenery and folk customs, the tourism industry is booming. Tourists come to Tibet to visit temples or appreciate Tibetan customs and scenery.

2. Carrying out folk tourism in Tibet can also obtain very important information.

Tibet is located in the southwest border of the motherland, with extremely inconvenient transportation and a lot of information that is difficult to obtain in a timely manner. This shortcoming can be overcome by vigorously developing folk tourism.

Tibet folk tourism has attracted many domestic and foreign tourists. The arrival of these tourists can not only broaden the horizons of local people, but also provide opportunities for tourists to understand local customs and customs. Objectively, it provides important information for Tibet. The socio-economic benefits contained in this information cannot be measured in numbers, and it promotes Tibet's opening up to the outside world and economic development.

3. Tibetan folk tourism is conducive to promoting the protection and development of Tibetan national culture in an open environment.

Folk tourism is essentially a kind of cultural exchange between regions. Since tourists come from different places, different occupations, different classes, and different age groups, this kind of exchange has a broad mass nature. The development of folk tourism in Tibet can effectively attack the eternal and long-term self-contained thinking, constantly accept new ideas and the benign influence of foreign culture, and form a driving force for Tibet's progress and civilization construction.

In order to attract tourists more effectively, it is necessary to restore and maintain cultural relics and historic sites, and conduct scientific research on cultural phenomena such as customs and habits, historical anecdotes, myths and legends, folk literature and art that have Tibetan national characteristics and local characteristics. The excavation, sorting and refining are also very necessary. These can play a certain role in protecting and promoting Tibetan national culture.

Tibet has been closed for a long time in the past. However, with the development of the Tibet Folk Tourism Bureau, the dissemination of Tibetan folk culture will be wider and the influence will be greater, thereby promoting the development of international Tibetology to a broader and deeper aspect. .

3 How to give full play to the advantages of Tibetan folk tourism

Tibet tourism started very late, and there are still many deficiencies in developing folk tourism in Tibet, or there is no awareness of the folk tourism category. Therefore, in order to give full play to the advantages of Tibetan folk tourism better and more effectively, the key is to highlight the Tibetan national style and Tibetan national characteristics.

First, actively collect and organize Tibetan customs, culture and art, history, religion, and character allusions, collect the rich, pure and simple culture contained in the vast Tibetan areas, classify it into categories, and illustrate it with illustrations. Printing and publishing, through excavation and refinement, summarize the local, typical and popular content and vigorously promote it.

Second, encourage people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, mainly Tibetans, to consolidate and abandon those life contents and living habits that intuitively reflect distinctive national characteristics on the basis of voluntariness and awareness. When various ethnic groups engage in cultural exchanges and consciously move closer to advanced culture, try to retain those life contents and ways that do not hinder social and cultural progress. Some special cultural forms, such as costumes and handicrafts, arts and crafts, architectural shapes, etc., should be actively and selectively promoted through non-administrative social forces. This can not only maintain the strong ethnic atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau, but also preserve the excellent Tibetan national culture.

Third, in the construction of tourism resources and tourist spots, the artificial and natural atmospheres must be consistent and complement each other.

Tibet’s special geographical conditions and climate environment require us not to copy the methods of other regions in selecting tourism resources and tourist spots, but to combine the essence of Tibetan classical art with the national The style is scientifically integrated into artificial architecture and scientific layout. The construction of tourism hardware must incorporate modernization into nationalization and localization. Folk tourism that is divorced from national characteristics will lose its true value. For example, the buildings and houses in Qionlin Zhuogataba New Village in Milin County, Tibet are very neatly arranged in rows. However, there is no cowshed, no pigsty, and no courtyard, so it is not suitable for independent family living. Moreover, the house is made of wooden structure, which is prone to fire. The house is tall and cannot be kept warm, and the place is a damp and cold ravine that needs a fire. Therefore, during the cold season, most residents built simple houses in front of their new houses and slept by the firepit. Can this home-ownership house, which even this ethnic group is not interested in, be attractive to tourists?

Fourth, many activities are arranged for tourists to experience and watch Tibetan ethnic activities. For example, we actively organize tourists to participate in Shoton Festival, Wangguo Festival, Sagadawa Festival, watch horse racing and archery on the grassland, race yak, hold stones, encourage tourists to row cowhide boats and other activities. In this way, tourists can appreciate the strong flavor of life of the ethnic groups in our region and get fun from it.

Fifth, adapt to the shopping needs of tourists and actively organize the production of marketable tourist souvenirs with Tibetan local and ethnic characteristics. Such as gold and silver jewelry, bags, clothing, carpets, aprons and commemorative handkerchiefs, bags, clothes and religious items with Tibetan scenic spots printed on them, such as thangkas, murals, Buddha statues, prayer wheels, butter flowers, lama hats, shoes, etc. wait. These ethnic products and ethnic handicrafts are very popular among foreign tourists.

Tibetan folk tourism is not only a highly comprehensive industry, but also an important cultural undertaking. While developing and utilizing Tibetan folk tourism resources, it also promotes the development of Tibetan folk undertakings. Therefore, Tibet's tourism industry and folk culture are closely related and inseparable. Tibetan folk culture can promote the development of Tibetan tourism, and the prosperity of Tibetan tourism also promotes the research, exploration and promotion of Tibetan folk culture.

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