What should tourism do to help the poor?

First, the development process of tourism poverty alleviation

Tourism poverty alleviation has been highly valued by the National Tourism Administration for many years, and we have also taken a series of measures, some of which are still in progress. As one of the effective measures to help the poor, tourism has actually developed around the development of our tourism industry for so many years. More importantly, it develops with the development of our domestic tourism, because China's tourism started from the reform and opening up, that is, from 65438 to 0978, but there is less international tourism, mainly facing cities. From the perspective of poverty alleviation, it has not played a great role in promoting it. With the rise of domestic tourism, tourism and poverty alleviation are linked together, and their roles are gradually increasing.

1. Looking back, it can be roughly regarded as three stages.

The first stage is from 1984 to 1993, that is, from 1984. With the deepening of reform and opening up and the improvement of people's living standards, domestic tourism has gradually started. The characteristics of domestic tourism are very wide coverage and tourists' footprints. Therefore, many of us are growing rapidly in the development of domestic tourism where international tourism cannot be mentioned. This process is naturally a process of promoting the development of poor areas, but this stage is basically a process of natural growth, because domestic tourism was also a natural growth at that time. At that time, the central government's basic attitude towards domestic tourism was not to advocate, publicize and oppose, which was a natural and spontaneous growth process. However, in this process, the role of tourism in poverty alleviation quickly played a role, that is, it was reflected. 1987 went to Guizhou. At that time, a township head in Guizhou was very excited to tell me the benefits of poverty alleviation through tourism. He summed up a few words. He said that it is good to travel, build roads, meet big officials, and make big money by grasping the big nose. I said, did you speak vividly? Later, I thought about it. He spoke not only vividly, but also profoundly. In fact, he pointed out several elements of poverty alleviation through tourism. Road construction is to solve the problem of weak infrastructure, which is the first difference between our tourism and poverty alleviation. Seeing the official is to solve the problem of policy support. Although it is hard to hear, it fundamentally solves a market problem. Finally, it is to make big money and solve the ultimate goal and benefit of our tourism poverty alleviation. What he said is really vivid. In this process, it should also be said that the role of all aspects is very prominent, so in 1987, the National Tourism Administration specially compiled a book called "70 Cases of Tourism Promoting Development". The reason for writing this book is to sum up the experience of various places. After the book came out, it should be said that we were all very excited after reading it ourselves. I just didn't expect that tourism played so many roles in poverty alleviation, so 70 retrospective cases played a very prominent and huge role at that time, and strengthened our information on poverty alleviation through tourism. But at that time, from our feeling, it was still natural growth, mainly because local governments were organizing resources and opening up to promote development until 1993. It was assigned to 1993 because the General Office of the State Council issued a document entitled "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Domestic Tourism". This is the first time since the founding of New China that we have issued such a high-level document on domestic tourism and put forward a series of policies to plan the market, improve quality and promote development. Therefore, the issuance of this folder means that domestic tourism has been officially released by our central government on a whim, and it also means that tourism development has entered.

So the second stage is from 1993 to 1998. This stage is a stage of great tourism development. Basically, the tourism industry maintains a growth rate of about 20% every year. So at this stage, the status of tourism is getting higher and higher, and the whole country pays more and more attention to tourism. Among them, 1996, National Tourism Administration and the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office specially recruited the tourism poverty alleviation program. It was held in Zhangjiajie at that time. Before that meeting, we did some basic research work. According to a preliminary statistic, from the reform and opening up to 1996, the number of people who helped the poor through tourism was about 6 million, involving about 12000 villages. There was such a figure at that time. Many places were also invited to introduce their experience in poverty alleviation through tourism, so that the meeting was a boost to poverty alleviation through tourism and was promoted under the government-led model. Objectively speaking, it is the domestic trend I just introduced, that is, the operation mechanism of the government and the market are parallel, and tourism promotes poverty alleviation, which is in line with this international trend. Therefore, this stage is a period of great development of tourism, and it is also a period of more prosperity of domestic tourism, which has made tangible achievements in tourism poverty alleviation, and all localities, especially poor areas, have a more thorough and full understanding of the significance of tourism poverty alleviation.

The third stage is 1998 to present. It can be said that this stage is a stage of vigorous promotion. A major criterion at this stage is that the State Council has issued 520 billion and 520 billion long-term construction bonds since 1998. In this process, the State Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Ministry of Finance and the National Tourism Administration jointly strive to cut a part from here as a tourism bond, which is the main field of tourism bond implementation. The main projects are tourism infrastructure projects in poverty-stricken areas, which fully embodies the combination of government-led and tourism poverty alleviation. At present, many tourism treasury bonds projects have been implemented, which should be said to have produced good results. Since 1998, a * * * has issued 5 issues of 4.2 billion tourism bonds, and arranged more than 400 projects nationwide, with an average of 6.5438 billion yuan per project. At the same time, combined with the tourism bond project, we released the priority projects of China's tourism development, and carried out some market-oriented operations and publicity, which also greatly promoted various funds, including foreign funds and social funds. These aspects have also played a great role. In other words, the tourism national debt of 4.2 billion yuan in these years can reach one to ten on average, which means that more than 40 billion foreign capital and social funds have been attracted to the tourism industry, most of which are in our western regions and poverty-stricken areas. It should be said that remarkable results have been achieved, because there are not many tourism projects, so many projects have achieved results in the same year and increased significantly in the second year. There are many such examples. This process is not only the process of tourism development, but also the process of deepening the relationship between tourism and poverty alleviation, which plays an increasingly important role. In this process, on the one hand, the leading role of the government is becoming more and more prominent. On the other hand, the market mechanism is playing an increasingly important role in it, because there is no statistics and no detailed sampling survey. But on the whole, we think that according to the information we have, the number of people who have been lifted out of poverty through tourism in these years is at least100000, and I'm afraid there must be such a number. In other words, tourism is an important channel and plays a very important role in the overall plate of national poverty alleviation, which is from the perspective of development process.