Technical route and direction of tackling key problems in remote sensing engineering construction

1. Study on the situation and countermeasures of mineral resources in Henan Province

Henan Province is located in the east of Qinling metallogenic belt, a central orogenic system in China. In the mountainous area of 8km2, metallic minerals such as gold, silver, lead, zinc, molybdenum, antimony, manganese and aluminum are concentrated in Xiaoqinling, Xiong 'er Mountain, Waifang Mountain and Tongbai Mountain. With the deepening of geological work, the areas of Xiaoshan, Funiu Mountain and Dabie Mountain, which occupy more than 7% of the mountain area, also show good prospecting prospects. The area of coal measures strata in Henan Province is 62851km2, of which the proven coal-bearing area is 25km2. There are coal-bearing strata in the vast plains of eastern Henan, and the coal seam is thick, generally buried at about 1 m. Therefore, the fault uplift belt in the plain depression area is a potential energy base in the 21st century. The practice shows that with the cooperation of geophysical and geochemical means, it is effective to evaluate the deep metallogenic geological characteristics and resource prospect by using comprehensive information technology.

(1) Principles of remote sensing investigation and prospect prediction of mineral resources

On the basis of existing geological and mineral achievements, we make full use of the information of metallogenic characteristics reflected by remote sensing images (data), study regional metallogenic regularity and ore-controlling geological conditions (especially deep geological conditions) through multiple information, and carry out investigation and prediction. Through investigation and study, opinions and suggestions on newly discovered mineral deposits, metallogenic prospect areas and mineral resources development and utilization are put forward, with the goal of urgently needed minerals in the country and superior minerals in Henan Province.

(2) Methods and requirements of remote sensing survey of mineral resources

Based on remote sensing information, comprehensive processing and mathematical statistics of multi-source information are carried out to improve the research degree of deep geological and metallogenic background. Based on the information of characteristic features, reflection spectrum and abnormal thermal radiation related to mineralization displayed by remote sensing images, the possible metallogenic segments are deduced with the support of comprehensive information. In order to objectively evaluate the regional metallogenic prospect of endogenetic minerals, the concept of "entropy change" in physical chemistry is introduced in this work. Entropy is a state function. For the same substance, the standard entropy in different states is different. Reflect the standard entropy change, that is, the standard entropy change (δ S) is equal to the sum of product standard entropy (Sb) minus the sum of reactant standard entropy (Sa).

Remote Sensing Comprehensive Investigation and Evaluation of Land Resources in Henan Province

Where: t-temperature increment; Δ QR-the heat absorbed by the system.

The concept of entropy function is extended to the geological field. The ore-bearing property of the same geological body varies greatly under different conditions, and the presence or absence of mineralization is also a state function. We define the ratio of the total information of this geological body to the information of mineralization as the total amount of reactants; The ratio of the component of the terrain in a certain state to the mineralization component under this condition is defined as the total product. The difference between them is approximately expressed as the metallogenic tendency of the terrane under certain conditions. Formula:

δ s = {Si/Ni+Si/S+Si/N}-{S/N}, where: δ s-the tendency of variable A to form B ore in I state; N is the unit area of variable A, and S is the mineralization unit area of variable A; Ni-unit area of variable A in I state; Si—— the area of mineralization unit of variable A in I state (mineralization unit takes the lower limit of anomaly).

when △ s < , it means that it has nothing to do with mineralization under this condition; The greater the δ s value, the greater the contribution to mineralization. The value of variable A is equal to the sum of mineralization advantages of variable A under various conditions. Namely:

Remote Sensing Comprehensive Investigation and Evaluation of Land and Resources in Henan Province

Where: n represents the total state.

Using entropy function calculation method, the metallogenic contribution rates of variables such as geology, matter, chemistry and remote are calculated respectively, and the known ore deposits are used as model units for multiple regression analysis. Finally, the metallogenic prospect area is divided according to the predicted resource value.

(3) Research direction of soft science

Study on the selection of key and dominant minerals in Henan Province;

Study on the resource guarantee of aluminum industry in Henan Province;

Study on the prospecting direction of precious metal minerals in Xiaoshan area and Tongbai-Dabie area of Henan Province;

research on exploration direction of coal field replacement resources in Pingdingshan city, Henan province.

2. Present situation and comprehensive evaluation of land resources in Henan Province

Henan Province is located in the Central Plains, with relatively complete topography and complex and diverse land resources such as mountains, hills, plains, hills, basins and river valleys. With the establishment of the socialist market economic system, land, as the unity of resources and assets, will surely play an increasingly important role in the revitalization of provincial economy.

(1) Principles of remote sensing survey of land resources

The classification of land resources types should be based on its development process and conditions and take into account the consistency of production performance. The classification of land use status should take into account the special needs of the region and the availability of remote sensing technology while referring to the Technical Specification for Land Use Status Survey. The comprehensive evaluation of land resources mainly represents the land quality through the characteristic index of land factors and the land suitability index. Potential suitability refers to the suitability of land for special purposes in the future after some investment and transformation, and social and economic conditions, like natural conditions and land attributes, are its leading factors.

(2) Methods and requirements of remote sensing survey of land resources

In view of the province-wide survey and evaluation of land resources recently conducted by the provincial land management department, this work should be revised based on the latest remote sensing images. Resource evaluation should focus on the present situation of soil fertility, land productivity potential and dynamic balance between basic farmland and construction land. On this basis, the land resource management information system is developed.

(3) Study on Early Warning of Cultivated Land in Henan Province-Calculation Model of Productivity Potential

A. Calculation of Photoradiation Productivity Potential

Calculation of Total Radiation in Crop Growing Season

Qi = qai (a+b si)

Where: I-1,2,3 … n; Qi—— total useful radiation during the crop growing season; Qai-is the amount of sunlight radiation; Si-is the percentage of monthly sunshine; A and b are empirical coefficients (a is .15,b and b is .78).

q = σ qi

where: q is the total radiation in the growing season.

calculate the potential growth of photosynthetic production and the seasonal photosynthetic production rate

ypi = (eqi)/[h (1-ca) (1-cm)]

e = φ (1-α) (1-β) (1-τ) (1-ρ) (1-) ω. φ —— effective radiation ratio, .49; α—— Leaf reflectivity, .214; β-leakage rate, .7; τ-optical saturation limiting rate, .; Rho-invalid absorption, .1; -respiratory loss rate, .3; ω-quantum conversion efficiency, .224; CA—— crop ash content, .5; Cm-moisture content, .14; H-the heat required for 1 gram of dry matter; Ch-crop economic coefficient.

B. calculation of light temperature production potential

calculation of moonlight temperature production rate in the growing season

Ypti=YPif(Ti)

where: f (ti)-temperature correction.

cool-loving crops

remote sensing, comprehensive investigation and evaluation of land and resources in Henan province

remote sensing, comprehensive investigation and evaluation of land and resources in Henan province

where: t is the monthly average temperature in the growing season.

calculation of light and temperature production potential in the growing season

remote sensing comprehensive investigation and evaluation of land and resources in Henan province

C. calculation of light and warm water production potential

yci = yptif (wi)

f (wi) = r+(1-r) pt/etoi

YC = ch ∑ yci. P-annual precipitation; R-irrigation percentage; Ch-crop economic coefficient.

D. calculate the light warm water soil production potential

ys = YC cs,

where: ys-light, temperature, water and soil production potential; Cs-soil effective coefficient (cs = yn/YC); Yn-the natural productive potential of soil under good management conditions; YC-the natural productivity of the best land, that is, the climate production potential.

(4) Research direction of soft science

Study on the index of defining the warning line and warning line of cultivated land in Henan Province;

trend analysis of urban and rural construction land in Zhengzhou.

3. Study on the situation and countermeasures of water resources in Henan Province

The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in Henan Province is extremely uneven, and the level of total resources control is declining year by year. Serious pollution in some areas has aggravated the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. Therefore, it is the main task of this cooperation to actively explore new water sources, including cross-basin water diversion, sluice construction, water diversion and other projects, so as to achieve unified allocation, development and protection of water resources.

(1) Principles of remote sensing investigation of water resources

The investigation should comprehensively analyze and study the utilization potential of surface water and shallow groundwater by combining remote sensing images with existing data. Focus on the current situation, occurrence conditions, temporal and spatial distribution law, recharge and discharge conditions, pollution and comprehensive development and utilization of water resources in the old Yellow River, urban agglomerations in the Central Plains and the Yellow River, so as to provide scientific basis for government decision-making.

(2) Methods and requirements of remote sensing investigation of water resources

A. Investigation of surface water resources requires

watershed division of water bodies and calculation of resources. The comprehensive evaluation should include the distribution of resources, the amount of entry and exit and the control countermeasures, and finally form the water resources information management system.

B. The investigation of groundwater resources requires

delineation of water-bearing rock groups, analysis and prediction of spring areas, determination of water storage structures, and analysis of recharge, runoff and discharge conditions of shallow groundwater in combination with electrical sounding data. On this basis, the hydrogeological units of shallow groundwater are divided, and the occurrence characteristics, water quality and resources of groundwater are evaluated.

C Prediction model of groundwater exploitation and runoff gradient field in lateral seepage area of the Yellow River

Finite element equation:

[a] {h (t)}+[d] {[h (t)-h (t)]/δ t} = [f]

Where: [a]-conductivity. [d]-water storage matrix; [f]-water quantity matrix; T—— the length of time period; H (t)-node water level.

(3) Research direction of soft science

Study on the mechanism and regulation of three-water transformation in Henan Province;

Study on the flood prevention strategy of the Yellow River;

research on information flow in the early warning process of flood and geological disaster chain in Henan province.

4. Remote sensing survey of tourism resources in Henan Province

Tourism landscape is an important resource for improving human living environment and developing social economy. With the development and progress of human society and the improvement of tourism culture, the resource advantages of Yellow River culture and subtropical Funiu Mountain scenery-South Taihang Mountain scenery have gradually emerged. Therefore, the focus of remote sensing investigation of tourism resources is to highlight the exploration of potential advantages, and provide resource guarantee for the shaping of Henan tourism industry image and the construction of boutique hotline.

(1) Principles of remote sensing investigation of tourism resources

Natural landscape investigation focuses on excavating the essence of landform landscape, revealing the mystery of geological relics, showing the uniqueness of landscape ecology and biodiversity, while human landscape investigation should focus on tracing the source of Chinese civilization. In the evaluation of resources, it focuses on the study of tourism zoning combining ancient culture with scenic spots.

(2) Methods and requirements of remote sensing investigation of tourism resources

In the investigation, we should give full play to the advantages of remote sensing spatial information, and pay attention to the study of the tourism value of special geomorphic landscapes and humanistic landscapes with epic significance of human development. Special attention should be paid to the Funiu Mountain Range and Taihang Mountain Range, which are the natural boundaries that divide China's east, west and north. There are unique geographical environment, superior climatic conditions, abundant animal and plant resources, and the characteristics of transition between north and south and east and west areas, which will form a hot spot for tourism construction in Henan Province in the 21st century, and finally form a tourism resource information management system.

(3) Evaluation model of landscape ecological benefits of tourism resources

Refer to the formula for calculating the grade of landscape ecological benefits proposed in the Report on the National Conditions of Biodiversity in China (China Environmental Science Press, 1998), namely:

TEV=DUV+IUV+OV+SV,+XV

where: TEV-social and economic value; Duv-direct use value; IUV-indirect use value; OV-potential selection value; SV-potential reserved value; XV-Existence value.

(4) Research direction of soft science

Evaluation of potential advantages of tourism resources in Henan Province;

a strategic study on the moderately advanced development of tourism in Henan province.

5. Comprehensive investigation and evaluation of ecological environment in Henan Province by remote sensing

(1) Remote sensing investigation of geological structure and evaluation of regional stability

According to the geological structure information displayed on remote sensing images of different types, different phases and different scales, the basic characteristics of structural features such as morphological scale, nature, combination and intersection relationship are studied. According to regional faults and main linear structural systems, combined with Quaternary geology, seismic geology, geophysics, geochemistry and geothermal flow information, the basic characteristics of active faults are determined. The remote sensing information is combined with regional geology, seismic geology and engineering geology data for comprehensive analysis and regional stability evaluation.

(2) Remote sensing survey of soil erosion

Soil erosion includes soil erosion, desertification and salinization, etc. The work is carried out with reference to the Detailed Rules for National Remote Sensing Survey of Soil Erosion and in combination with the "Second National Soil Erosion Survey" of the Ministry of Water Resources.

(3) Remote sensing survey of water pollution

The work focuses on surface water. The content of the work is to find out the location of sewage discharge source, pollution source type, pollution diffusion mode, scope and so on, and make corresponding water quality evaluation.

this work is mainly based on conventional data collection and ground investigation, with certain remote sensing methods.

(4) Remote sensing investigation of natural disasters

Focus on the distribution law and occurrence characteristics of natural disasters, analyze the evolution trend of the formation and development of natural disasters, evaluate the degree of disaster harm, and put forward disaster reduction and prevention measures.

(5) Eco-environmental vulnerability evaluation model

Refer to the formula of landscape ecosystem standardization, analytic hierarchy process and regional environmental vulnerability grade calculation proposed in China Biodiversity Research Report (China Environmental Science Press, 1998), that i=1,2

A. Landscape ecosystem standardization calculation

Remote sensing, comprehensive investigation and evaluation of land and resources in Henan Province

. j=1,2，…，n; M-number of indicators; N—— Number of regional units.

B. use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to get the weight of each index. This eco-environmental vulnerability assessment system can be divided into three basic levels (Figure 1.2.1).

Figure 1.2.1 AHP method is used to find the hierarchy diagram of ecological environment factor weight

The interdisciplinary expert group is used to fill in the form, and the discriminant matrix of pairwise comparison between the next level and the relevant elements of the upper level in the hierarchy model is established:

Remote sensing, comprehensive investigation and evaluation of land and resources in Henan Province

This matrix is a reciprocal matrix, that is, the condition is satisfied: aiy=1/aij; Aij=1 (when I = j); aij＞。

the element aij in the discriminant matrix is determined by the scale method of 1→9: aij=1 means that I element is as important as J element; Aij=3 means that I element is slightly more important than J element; Aij=5 means that I element is obviously more important than J element; Aij=7 means that the I element is more than the J element.