China's marine resources?

1, marine living resources

China and Haiti span three climatic zones: temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone. Every year, about 420 million tons of inorganic nutrients and organic substances are brought into the sea by rivers in Chinese mainland, resulting in rich nutrients and various marine life, among which 20,278 species have been identified. According to the long-term marine fishing production and marine biological investigation, it has been confirmed that there are more than 65438 0500 species of phytoplankton, more than 320 species of sessile algae and more than 65438 02500 species of marine animals in China sea area, including more than 9000 species of invertebrates and more than 3200 species of vertebrates. Among invertebrates, there are more than 0/000 species of zooplankton, more than 2,500 species of mollusks (about 0/00 species of cephalopods), about 2,900 species of crustaceans and nearly 900 species of annelids. There are nearly 3,000 species of vertebrates, including more than 200 species of cartilaginous fish and more than 2,700 species of bony fish.

2. Marine mineral resources

China continental shelf oil and gas basins cover an area of nearly 700,000 km2, with large and medium-sized Cenozoic sedimentary basins 16. According to the resource estimation of relevant departments at home and abroad, China's continental shelf contains 65.438+0.5 billion-20 billion tons of oil resources, accounting for 65.438+08.3%-22.5% of the total national oil resources of 67.4 billion-78.7 billion tons respectively. According to the latest achievements of national natural gas science and technology research, China's total natural gas resources are 43 trillion m3, including sea area 14.09 trillion m3. This fully shows the good exploration and development prospects and rich potential of marine oil and gas resources. China's long coastline and sea area are rich in placer resources. At present, the proven placers with industrial value include zircon, cassiterite, monazite, rutile, ilmenite, xenotime, magnetite, columbite-tantalite, brown yttrium, placer gold, diamond and quartz sand.

3. Marine chemical (seawater) resources

The volume of ocean seawater in the world is 13.7 trillion m3, containing more than 80 elements and 20 trillion tons of heavy water (raw material for nuclear fusion). Seawater resources can be divided into two categories, namely water resources and chemical element resources in seawater. In addition, there is a special case, namely underground brine resources. There are abundant underground brine resources along the Bohai Sea in China, and the estimated total resources are about 654.38 billion m3. Seawater can be directly utilized or desalinated into fresh water resources; The chemical resources of seawater can be divided into sea salt, bromine, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, uranium, heavy water and other extractable chemical elements. Underground brine resources can be divided into sea salt, bromine, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride and other extractable chemical elements.

4. Marine renewable energy

Marine renewable energy includes tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, temperature difference energy and salt difference energy. The tidal energy resources in China are about 1. 1 100 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation can reach 275 billion kilowatt hours, most of which are distributed in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, accounting for 8 1% of the whole country. The theoretical power of wave energy is about 23 million kilowatts, which is mainly distributed in the waters near Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hainan and Taiwan Province provinces. The exploitable installed capacity of tidal current energy in China is about 0./kloc-0. 80 billion kw, and the annual power generation is about 27 billion kw hours, mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian and other provinces. In addition, the Kuroshio flowing through the East China Sea has more considerable power and energy, estimated at 0.2 billion kilowatts. The energy reserves of temperature difference and salt difference are 65.438+0.50 billion kw and 654.38+0.654.38+0.00 billion kw, respectively, and their total amounts exceed ocean current energy and tidal energy.

5. Coastal tourism resources

China coastal zone spans three climatic zones: tropical zone, subtropical zone and temperate zone. It has five basic elements of tourism resources: sunshine, beach, sea water, air and green. There are many kinds and rich tourism resources. According to the preliminary investigation, there are more than 0/0.5 million coastal tourist attractions and 0/0.0 million coastal beaches in China, among which the most important ones are/0/6 national historical and cultural city announced by the State Council, 25 national key scenic spots, 0/0.3 million national key cultural relics protection units and national marine and coastal nature protection. According to the types of resources, there are 273 major scenic spots in * *, including 45 coastal scenic spots, the most important island scenic spots 15, 8 exotic scenic spots, 5 relatively important ecological scenic spots 19, 5 underwater scenic spots, 62 relatively famous mountain scenic spots and/kloc-0 relatively famous cultural scenic spots.

6. Coastal land resources

There are many types of land resources in the coastal areas of China, including saline soil, swamp soil, aeolian sandy soil and cinnamon soil 17 types and 53 subcategories. The coastal zone is not only rich in existing land resources, but also the only natural land reclamation area on the earth. According to paleogeographic research, about 654.38+040,000-654.38+050,000 km2 of land in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Pearl River Delta Plain and the Lower Liaohe Plain in China are all ancient bay deposits. Because there are many rivers entering the sea, the sediment carried is relatively large, and the siltation speed in the estuary delta is fast. For example, the annual sediment transport from the Yellow River to the sea is as high as 65.438+100 million tons, and the average annual siltation length of estuaries and beaches is about 2.65438+000 hm2 (32,000 mu).