How to spend 7 10000000 yuan for the overhaul of Qing Dongling?

How to spend this 710000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 -000- 000000000 -00000000-00000000- 00000000-00000000-000000000.

[20 14- 12-29 17: 17:20]

abstract:

Workers are taking down the tiles on the roof of the Long 'en Hall in Yuling.

In June+February, 5438, the Qing Dongling was sparsely visited.

Occasionally, tourists pass by the ticket inspector in twos and threes. Two girls wrapped in thick down jackets stood at Yuling's ticket gate, stamping their feet from time to time to keep warm.

There is still snow on the ground inside Yuling, and it creaks when you step on it. Yuling is the burial place after the death of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, and it is one of the few tombs open to the outside world in the Eastern Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty.

The sound of construction broke the silence. Scaffolding with a height of13m was built outside the Long 'en Hall, which was three stories high. Four or five workers wearing red helmets are removing the ridge of the roof with pickaxes and drills.

In the southeast corner of the roof, several workers are marking the glazed tiles with pens, then transporting them to the ground by elevator and placing them in a forest in the east of Long 'en Hall. The green protective curtain covering the whole temple body wraps Long 'en Temple like zongzi. A banner of "Heritage Protection, Quality First" is hung on the protective curtain.

Maintenance scenes of this scale are actually rare in the Qing Dongling. At the end of the year before last, there was an annual maintenance team in Dongling, Qing Dynasty to carry out some simple maintenance, that is, "tinkering around the edges".

Recently, the Qing Dongling started the largest cultural relic restoration project in history, with a total investment of 765.438 billion yuan. Wang Zhaohua of Qingling Cultural Relics Management Office told Sina. com. The largest conservation and maintenance fund in history will make the Qingming Mausoleum, the largest existing royal mausoleum group in China, "take a big leap".

The status quo is "shocking" and repair is "minimal intervention"

A rotten roof in Yuling

The Qing Dongling is the mausoleum of the five emperors, 15 empresses and 136 concubines in the Qing Dynasty. 1928 and 1946 were stolen twice by local warlords and garrisons, and a large number of cultural relics were lost and tombs were damaged.

Wang Zhaohua worked in Qingling Mausoleum for 18 years, and was responsible for the protection and restoration of cultural relics. He was "very sad" when he thought of the scenes in the mausoleum. Wang Zhaohua is the deputy director of the Cultural Relics Management Office of Qing Dongling.

In the rainy season, there will be more than 20 centimeters of water in some tombs of the Qing Dongling, which must be drained by a water pump. Some coffins in the palace slowly deformed or even collapsed. In recent years, calcium carbonate seeping from the top of Yuling underground palace has slowly eroded the stone carvings.

"It's really shocking", but because the funds have not been in place, it is impossible to start the overall maintenance, so only the roof tiles and walls of the five tombs that have been opened have been simply repaired.

This long-awaited "huge sum" will open the era of comprehensive protection and restoration of the Qing Dongling.

Meng of the Engineering Section of the Cultural Relics Management Office of the Qing Dongling told the reporter that the Qianlong Imperial Tomb is one of the 12th Five-Year Plan for the protection of cultural relics declared by the Cultural Relics Management Committee of the Qing Dongling to National Cultural Heritage Administration.

Wang Zhaohua told Sina. The 765,438+million cultural relics restoration fund will be used for cultural relics protection and maintenance projects; There are 49 projects in 7 categories, such as safety, fire protection and lightning protection projects, including the Monument Building of Shengde Gong Sheng in Jingling, Kangxi, Dingdong Mausoleum in Putuo Valley of Cixi, Yuling in Qianlong, Princess Garden in Hui Ling and Princess Garden in Jingling, which were not fully maintained before the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and the safety, fire protection and lightning protection facilities to be installed.

For this restoration, we should try our best to keep the historical information of these cultural relics with the least intervention and try our best to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the world cultural heritage. In the process of maintenance, try to achieve the original process and methods. "Wang Zhaohua stressed many times.

Leaders "attach importance" to the examination and approval of the Qing Dongling 7 1 10,000 yuan.

Workers are processing wood to repair the great monument building of Kangxi Jingling.

The Qing Dongling Mausoleum was approved to be 765.438 billion yuan, which is rare in the history of cultural relics restoration.

"This is really unintentional!" Wang Zhaohua said that in the first three five-year plans, the Qing Dongling Mausoleum received more than 30 million grants from National Cultural Heritage Administration and Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, "which is a big leap".

According to the data provided by the Qing Dongling Cultural Relics Management Office, during the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the Tenth Five-Year Plan and the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, National Cultural Heritage Administration allocated 9.65 million yuan, 7.7 million yuan and 5.8 million yuan respectively, totaling 23 1.5 million yuan, which is only equivalent to the restoration budget of the Gong Sheng Monument in Jingling or the five-hole bridge in Xiaoling in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Their capital budgets have all reached 26.5438+0 million yuan.

From 1997 to 2000, the Qing Dongling borrowed 60 million yuan, and successfully applied for the World Cultural Heritage +0 1 in June 2000.

The successful application for World Heritage has not brought about an increase in restoration funds, but has decreased year by year.

Wang Zhaohua explained that this is related to the cultural relics restoration project declared by the Qing Dongling every time. Due to the different sizes of single buildings that need to be repaired, and the lack of national financial resources at that time, it is a "rescue repair" to give priority to repairing seriously damaged cultural relics before the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan".

On the other hand, the Qing Dongling, located in Zunhua County, Hebei Province, has no advantage.

The Ming Tombs in Beijing, also a world cultural heritage, have tens of millions of cultural relics protection funds every year.

In addition, Wang Zhaohua also believes that during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the state favored Beijing in approving funds for cultural relics protection.

Due to the lack of funds, there were some problems in the protection and management of cultural relics in the Qing tombs. For example, the Qingling Mausoleum cancelled the annual maintenance team of cultural relics, and some tombs lacked daily maintenance. Some graves have small trees on the roofs, and they have no money to hire people to clean them. They grew thicker and thicker, and finally their roots penetrated into the tiles, causing cracks and rain. Wang Zhaohua gave an example to describe the restoration of cultural relics. .

Qing Dongling didn't miss the application for the World Heritage in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

Wang Zhaohua explained that being able to plan so much money "has a lot to do with strengthening the country's financial resources". In addition, in recent years, National Cultural Heritage Administration has also attached importance to the engineering protection of world cultural heritage.

20 1 1 In June, 2006, National Cultural Heritage Administration issued the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Museum of Cultural Relics, and one of the key tasks was to "strengthen the basic work for the protection of world cultural heritage" and implement the "protection of royal buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties", and the Qing Dongling was within this scope. Before 20 12, the central government has invested 600 million yuan in the cultural heritage protection project of Hebei Summer Resort and its surrounding temples.

However, Wang Zhaohua said that it was a little unexpected that he could apply for this $7 1 billion "windfall" at once.

20 10 in April, when Qing Dongling compiled the 12th Five-Year Plan for Cultural Relics Protection of Qing Dongling, the declared funds at that time were 5120,000 yuan, which attracted the attention of provincial leaders and reminded Qing Dongling not to miss the projects to be protected. As a result, other restoration projects of the Mausoleum were added to the Mausoleum.

Qing Dongling finally got what he wanted.

What worries me most is whether the original craft restoration can be accepted by tourists.

The marked original building materials will continue to be used.

With the money in hand, Wang Zhaohua and the Qing Dongling Cultural Relics Management Office have confidence.

At present, there are 15 mausoleums in the east of Qing Dynasty. The specific restoration depends on the severity of the damage.

The Shengde Monument Building, Ci 'an Tomb, Cixi Ding Dong Mausoleum, Ganlong Yufei Garden and Princess Hui Ling Garden of Kangxi Mausoleum will be the key overall maintenance projects in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

Repair belongs to repair, but the mausoleum is open to tourists as usual. The management committee of Qing Dongling Mausoleum arranges the restoration schedules of different mausoleums to meet the needs of tourists. For example, from the end of 20 14 to the middle of 20 15, the Long 'en Hall and the East-West Attached Hall in Qianlong Yuling were restored, and the Yuling Underground Palace was restored in the second half of 20 15.

Wang Zhaohua introduced that at present, 2 1 cultural relics protection schemes have been approved, and some funds have been gradually put in place. Xiaoling five-hole bridge and Jingling Shengde monument have been repaired. It is estimated that by March 20 15, all the remaining cultural relics protection projects will be submitted to National Cultural Heritage Administration for approval except one or two projects.

Wang Zhaohua hopes that this comprehensive maintenance will make the Qing Dongling look brand-new.

He is confident in this maintenance. "The restoration technology of Qing Dongling cultural relics is basically mature."

Old carpenters, bricklayers and painters who have mastered the traditional techniques for the restoration of Qingling still live in the villages in Qingling Park. They have some experience in the maintenance of royal tombs in Qing dynasty, and some of them are employed by construction units to participate in the restoration of cultural relics. The main task of the Qing Dongling Management Committee is to ensure that an ancient building design unit with Grade A qualification and a construction unit with Grade A construction qualification are found to bid for the restoration of the Qing Dongling.

Beijing Huairou Ancient Architecture Company is a construction company with first-class qualification.

Zhang Aiguo, who is in charge of the overhaul of Qianlong Imperial Tomb, said that the original tiles on the roof surface must be reused if they don't crack or leak. Participated in the restoration of intangible projects such as the ancient Great Wall, and has some experience.

In addition, the materials needed for the restoration of the mausoleum also have a strict selection process. It must be produced by a genuine manufacturer with a production license, and these materials must have been used in projects of other world cultural heritage units. In addition, materials must be processed in the original way.

At the end of June, 1 1, the Xiaoling five-hole bridge with bonded deck stones was initially completed. It is said that the brick used to build the bridge opening voucher is the brick used in the construction of the bridge in Dashiwo, Jingxi. Meng, from the Engineering Department of the Cultural Relics Management Office of Qing Dongling, said that each brick weighs about 40 kilograms and is specially fired by the local brick factory.

Similarly, the main building wood of some imperial tombs is nanmu, but it is very expensive and difficult to buy at present, so it is replaced by wood with the same strength or hardness at the suggestion of cultural relics experts.

Wang Zhaohua said that by March 20 15, all the design schemes involved in the restoration of Qingling Mausoleum should be submitted to National Cultural Heritage Administration for examination and approval, and after they are passed, they must be examined and approved by the financial department. After the completion of these projects, the Qingling Management Committee can start the construction of bidding enterprises.

It is understood that up to now, the restoration fund of the Qing Dongling has reached 654.38+300 million yuan. If all the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" projects reported by Qing Dongling are approved, it is expected to be completed around 20 17.

On the day of completion, Wang Zhaohua hopes to see the Qing Tombs "reproduce the glory of that year" and let tourists see the imaginary Qing Tombs. However, he is also worried that tourists may be disappointed and whether the repair result of "reusing old tiles" can be accepted by tourists.

The future is still unpredictable.

The underground palace of Qingling Mausoleum is occasionally crowded with tour groups.

Is it possible to rely on tourism income to make up for the lack of funds, like other cultural relics scenic spots?

At present, the number of visitors to the Qing Dongling Mausoleum is about 600,000 each year, and the annual ticket income is about 30 million.

"This is not much in the income of surrounding scenic spots." Moreover, this part of the income is mainly used for the expenditure of nearly 600 employees of cultural relics management and tourism companies, and there is no surplus for the protection and repair of cultural relics.

He is not optimistic about the tourism economy after the comprehensive overhaul of the Qing Dongling.

Wang Zhaohua believed that the Qing Dongling "benefited from and was controlled by Beijing". Beijing has brought a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists to the Qing tombs, and many famous scenic spots in Beijing have also retained Chinese and foreign tourists visiting Beijing. They won't choose to come to Qing Dongling.

Meng, head of the engineering department of Dongling, Qing Dynasty, is also not optimistic about the positive impact of the comprehensive restoration of Dongling. He believes that the geographical location is not as good as Beijing and Tianjin, and the traffic is not as good as Tianjin Panshan Scenic Area.

Moreover, "Qing Dongling is an ancient tomb scenic spot after all." Meng added that people prefer to visit some natural attractions and historical sites.

Wang Zhaohua agrees with this view. He thinks that scenic spots like the Qingming Mausoleum are more "one-off tours", and few people will come for the second time, except those who are interested in Qing history and royal tombs.

A girl who used to be a "wild tour guide" in the scenic spot and now works as a waiter in a restaurant said that the ticket price of the Qing Dongling Scenic Spot 152 yuan also made tourists feel high. She said that compared with ten years ago, the company organized employees to visit the Qing Dongling, and now there are far fewer people coming.

Nevertheless, Wang Zhaohua still expects more tourists after the restoration of the Mausoleum, especially the media reports in this period, which made an advertisement for the Qing Mausoleum, and did not publicize it often. He predicted that the number of tourists will not increase significantly, and will increase by more than 20% next year.

In winter weekend, there are sporadic group tourists in Qing Dongling. While listening to the tour guide's explanation, I took out my mobile phone to take pictures.

Above their heads, the roof tiles of the Qianlong Imperial Tomb have been removed, waiting for experts to come to investigate. Standing on the Ming building of Yuling, the Qing Dongling, 80 kilometers away from Fiona Fang, has been bathed in the sunset. Sitting in a mausoleum facing south and built on the mountain, it is silent but solemn and powerful.

(Hebei Zunhua Wang Hui Report)