Overview of new energy automobile industry, upstream and downstream of industrial chain

I. Overview of new energy automobile industry in China.

New energy vehicles refer to vehicles that use unconventional vehicle fuels, that is, gasoline and diesel as power sources. According to the statistics of China Automobile Industry Association, the output of new energy vehicles in China has increased from 78,000 vehicles in 2065,438+04 to 654,380,270 vehicles in 2065,438+08, with a compound annual growth rate of 65,438+000.9%.

With the maturity of China's new energy vehicle industry chain and the enhancement of upstream and downstream cooperation ability, the production technology of new energy vehicles will be improved and upgraded. At the same time, building smart factories will help improve the production efficiency of new energy vehicles.

There are three kinds of new energy vehicles, namely pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Among them, pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles are the most common categories of new energy vehicles in China automobile market.

Pure electric vehicle refers to the vehicle whose driving force is completely provided by electric energy and driven by motor. The driving power of the motor comes from the vehicle-mounted charging energy storage system or other energy storage devices. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle refers to an automobile that can obtain power from at least two kinds of energy stored in the vehicle, namely, consumable fuel and rechargeable energy. The body of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle has both engine and motor. In addition to the gasoline filler, it also has an external power interface, which can charge the battery. Fuel cell vehicle refers to an electric vehicle that uses fuel cell system as a single power source or uses fuel cell system and rechargeable energy storage system as a hybrid power source. At present, the main power source of fuel cell vehicles is hydrogen.

Second, China new energy automobile industry chain.

The upstream of China's new energy automobile industry chain is the field of mineral resources. The basic raw materials required for the production of key parts of new energy vehicles include lithium, copper, manganese, cobalt, nickel, graphite and rare earth, as well as other ore raw materials.

The basic material composition of automobile power battery includes positive electrode material, negative electrode material, electrolyte and diaphragm. China's automobile power batteries are mainly lithium batteries, including lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary materials batteries, as well as lithium manganate batteries, lithium cobaltate batteries and lithium titanate batteries. Lithium ferrous phosphate and Ni-Co-Mn ternary materials are the most widely used battery cathode materials, and the total installed capacity in passenger car industry has exceeded 95%.

The middle reaches of the industrial chain of new energy vehicles in China is a key part, covering power batteries, drive batteries and electronic control systems. In recent years, China's power battery field has achieved leap-forward development, and new energy vehicles have great demand for power batteries. For example, the contemporary Ampere Technology Co., Ltd. and the power battery company represented by BYD have great advantages. Among them, Contemporary Ampere Technology Co., Ltd. has a market share of more than 80% in the field of lithium batteries, and has an absolute advantage in monopolizing the market.

The downstream of China's new energy automobile industry chain is the field of vehicle manufacturing. Participants are mainly state-owned vehicle companies, such as Beiqi Blue Valley, Zhongtong Bus and Xiamen Jinlong. Others include BYD and new forces such as Weilai and Tucki.