The Origin of the Hometown of Painting and Calligraphy in Gaotang

Historical summary:

Gaotang and Chunqiu are one of the cities in the western territory of Qi, with a history of more than 2,000 years, and are one of the birthplaces of the Yellow River culture of the Chinese nation. Han County, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, as well as Sinochem and Republic of China, which are still in use today. Historically, Gaotang "lived in the Central Plains", with Guanma Avenue "Nantong Wu Hui, China North Arch", and its geographical location was very important; In addition, influenced by the Yellow River culture, it is known as "simple folk customs in ancient times and rich people in the Central Plains" and has long been one of the economically and culturally developed areas. Gaotang has a mild climate, four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rich products. In particular, the cultivation of cotton enjoys a high reputation and lasted for hundreds of years. The old annals called it "the constant production of the people of the state" and "the goods are in Qilu with kapok", which is known as the Golden Gaotang.

Yao, Shun, Xia and Shang Dynasties, and Gao Tang belonged to Yanzhou. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wen was enfeoffed as a vassal, and Gaotang was a user of Ji's surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Gaotang belonged to the western boundary of Qi State and was called Gaotangyi. During the Qin Dynasty, Gaotang belonged to Dongjun. In 206 BC, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty. Han inherited the Qin system; Counties, Gaotang County is the first, Qingzhou secretariat Pingyuan County is the second. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gaotang belonged to Qinghe Prefecture, Jizhou Department. At that time, Gaotang County included Yucheng City and most of Qihe County. The west boundary of the county seat is the old Yellow River flowing through the west of Ganhe Village, and the county seat is located in the west of Lunzhen Town, Yucheng City. During the Three Kingdoms period, Gaotang belonged to Hou State, Jizhou Plain County, Wei State. According to historical records, at that time, "Zhu Ling named Gaotang Hou Ting". In the Western Jin Dynasty, Gaotang County belonged to Jizhou Plain. 420-589 AD; The history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the 9th year of Yuanjia in Liu and Song Dynasties (AD 432), Gaotang County was located near Shuizhai Village in Zhangqiu County, belonging to Dongping County in Jizhou. In the third year of Huangxing in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 469), Liu Jizhou's hometown was renamed, and Gaotang County, the hometown of overseas Chinese, belonged to Dongping County. In the third year of Jingming in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 502), Gaotang County was restored and belonged to Nanqinghe County in Jeju. Shang Yang of Wen Xuandi in the Northern Qi Dynasty abolished Qinghe County and Ling County in 550 AD, and Gaotang was attached to Qinghe County in Jeju. During the Sui Dynasty, Gaotang belonged to Qinghe County, Jizhou Department. In the 16th year (AD 598), Bozhou was in charge of Gaotang, Liaocheng and Tangyi counties. At the same time, Liu will be renamed Gaotang Zhangqiu. In Zhenyuan of Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong divided the world into ten roads, and Gaotang belonged to Boping County, Daobo Prefecture, Hebei Province. In 690 AD, Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor and changed the title of Zhou. For fear of the word "Tang", Gaotang County was changed to Chongwu County in the second year of Changshou (AD 693). In the first year of Shenlong (AD 705), Prime Minister Zhang Jian staged a coup to welcome Tang Zhongzong to the throne and restore the title of Tang Dynasty, renamed Gaotang County. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Gao Tang was Weber's envoy and heavenly army. From 907 to 960, China was called the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in history. Because "Huang" and "Tang" have the same rhyme, the ancestor changed Gaotang County into a county in Kaiping year (AD 908). In the second year of Tongguang in the later Tang Dynasty (AD 924), it was renamed Gaotang County. In 936 AD, after the founding of Shi Jingtang, Gaotang County was changed to Qicheng County in 2006 because of the homonym of Tang and Tang. In the first year of Ganhu in the later Han Dynasty (AD 948), it was renamed Gaotang County. Although the name of Gaotang County changed many times in the Five Dynasties, it still belonged to Bozhou. The Song Dynasty abandoned Taoism, and the world was divided into fifteen roads. Gaotang belongs to Bozhou, Hebei East Road. In A.D. 1023, Renzong was divided into 23 roads, and Gaotang belonged to Boping County, Hebei East Road.

When Jin Dynasty was divided into 19 roads in the north, Gaotang County belonged to Boping County, Bozhou, Shandong West Road. There were eleven provinces such as Lu, Zhou and County in the Yuan Dynasty. Gaotang belonged to Daming Road at the beginning and Dongping Road later. In the third year of Zhiyuan, Bozhou was changed to Dongchang, which governed six counties including Gaotang. In the seventh year of Zhiyuan (AD 1270), Gaotang belonged to Gaotang County and was directly under Zhongshu Province. In the seventh year of Zheng Zheng (AD 1347), Gaotang County moved here. In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368), Gao Tang was called Zhou, which governed Xiajin and Wucheng counties. Gaotang House belongs to Dongchang House in Shandong Province. In the early Qing Dynasty, Gaotang Prefecture belonged to Dongchangfu, and in the eighth year of Yongzheng, Tang and Zhou Dynasties were upgraded to prefectures, which directly governed Yucheng, Linyi, Pingyuan and Lingxian. In the twelfth year of Yongzheng, he returned to Dongchangfu. In the first year of the Republic of China, Gaotang County was established in Zhangzhou, which belongs to Shandong East Road. 17 years, Zhili is the capital of Shandong province, and 25 years belongs to the sixth administrative office. In 27 years of the Republic of China, Gaotang fell, belonging to the pseudo-Shandong East Road, the fourth administrative office of the Kuomintang. 1945 After the liberation of Gaotang, the people's political power was subordinate to the Second Department of Jinan. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the underground organization of China * * * Production Party divided Gaotang County into Bei Tang County and Tangnan County at the beginning of 194 1, and merged into one in the autumn of the same year. In A.D. 1949, Gaotang County was under the jurisdiction of Liaocheng Commissioner's Office in Plain Province. 1952, Pingyuan province was revoked and became the agency of Liaocheng, Shandong province. 1950, Houqiao 1 1 village in Chiping County was classified as Gaotang County. 1956 After the cancellation of Qingping County in March, its old city was placed under Gaotang County; At the same time, Liulisi Township in Chiping County was placed under Gaotang County. 1958 65438+February, the State Council approved the cancellation of the whole territory of Yucheng County and its incorporation into Gaotang, and 196 1 year1October resumed Yucheng County. Gaotang county still governs its original territory.

Gaotang culture has a profound accumulation. The pottery unearthed from the ancient Hehan Formation, the murals unearthed from the Jin Dynasty tombs of Han houses and the well-preserved Sui and Tang pagodas all show that the culture of Gaotang has a long history. In the long river of history, there are countless cultural celebrities of Gaotang nationality. During the reign of Emperor Huan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lu asked for the monument of Confucius Temple, and Qufu remains, which is one of the representative works of official script in the Han Dynasty. Liu Shi, a poor man in the Western Jin Dynasty, was self-sufficient in selling cattle clothes and learned by hand. He learned everything from ancient times to the present, from official to teacher. He is the author of eleven volumes of Spring and Autumn Annals and twenty volumes of Left Death. Huahua, the official to the secretary, supervises the book in Taichung, which is the 92 volumes of Hanshu, which has the annoyance of Han and the end of filial piety. Lv Cai, a great thinker and great scholar in Tang Dynasty, was born in Lvzhuang, Qingping Town, Gaotang County. Up to now, his tall grave has been sealed. His opposition to fate, superstition of Feng Shui and criticism of Buddhism still shine with the light of materialism. Yan Yong, the top scholar in Jin Dynasty, passed the exam in the 6th century and worked in Hanlin for ten years. He wrote ten volumes of books handed down from generation to generation. Yan Fu became an official, entered Dongping School with a weak crown, and was chosen as one of the four great writers when he met Yuan's curiosity. Yan Fu, headed by Yan Fu, wrote fifty volumes of Xuan Jing Ji. Qi Baishi, a master of contemporary Chinese painting, and Pan Tianshou, a disciple of Wu Changshuo, are also called "Southern Pan and Northern Li". He is an epoch-making master of freehand brushwork in China. Sun Ying, librarian of the Central Museum of Literature and History, combined Chinese and Western painting methods to create a new style of China landscape painting. Li Yan, Xie Jiadao, Xin Shouqing and other famous painters and painters at home and abroad are also outstanding representatives of the hometown of painting and calligraphy art.

Culture: Gaotang County is the hometown of Li Kuchan, a master of Chinese painting, and 1997 was named "the hometown of calligraphy and painting art in China" by the Ministry of Culture. At present, there are two painters' associations, including art galleries, painting and calligraphy institutes, cultural centers, libraries, museums, workers' cultural palaces, retired workers' activity centers, veteran cadres' activity centers, playgrounds and other cultural and entertainment facilities. There are many cultural landscapes and historical sites. Qipanzi Tomb in Warring States, Hua Xin Tomb in Three Kingdoms and Eastern Weifang Cemetery have high archaeological value. The famous xingguo temple Ancient Pagoda, made of blue bricks, has a tower body 13 floors and a height of 37.5 meters. Although it has been more than a thousand years, its majestic posture has not diminished. Under the tower, the ancient pagoda in the Tang Dynasty is still full of vitality after several thunder and fire, and it is called "Tang Huai Song Pagoda", which is amazing. Wenchang Palace Dacheng Hall is simple and elegant. It was built in Ding Jing, Nanding for five years (1264). This was written by Cai Jing, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, and Li Kuchan, a master of Chinese painting, studied here. In recent years, according to the legend of "water swimming", the county has invested in rebuilding the Chaifuyuan, Sanyanjing and Li Kui jy wells on the east bank of Yuqiu Lake, and rebuilt the place where "Li Kui jy made a scene in Gaotang Prefecture", which is called Qingping Xuyingmen. These historical sites have high cultural, archaeological and tourism values.

Sun Dashi Art Museum is located on the north bank of Beihu Lake in Gaotang Scenic Area. It was jointly built by Gaotang County People's Government and Mr. Sun Dashi. Covering an area of 2088 square meters, with a total construction area of 1.200 square meters, it is an antique quadrangle building. The buildings of the art museum have east and west courtyards. The west courtyard is divided into north-southwest exhibition hall, cloister, monument wall and four-story hexagonal pavilion. The East Campus is Mr. Sun Dashi's bedroom, studio, etc. On August 9th, 1995, Mr. Sun selflessly donated his graduation paintings and treasures to the People's Government of Gaotang County, and permanently displayed them in its art museum. The creation span of the works is long, earlier than 1943 and later than 1995. His works have a wide range of genres, including China traditional calligraphy and painting supplies, watercolors, ink paintings on canvas, sketches and so on. There are both huge Zhang Er and Fei Biao sketches; There are not only masterpieces of painting masters, but also exotic masterpieces. In addition to exquisite calligraphy and painting, there is also the world's first strange stone inkstone. This inkstone weighs 10 ton, is 4.43 meters long and 2.62 meters wide. There are 87 dragons carved, with three dragons symbolizing three municipalities directly under the central government, 28 middle dragons symbolizing 28 provinces and regions, and 56 small dragons symbolizing 56 ethnic groups. Other carvings include the Yellow River, the Great Wall, Ruiyun Military Division and Cangsong Pen Container. The whole giant inkstone symbolizes the long history, unity and greatness of the Chinese nation. It is far-reaching, beautifully carved, and unique in stone carving. There are not only the first inkstone in the world, but also various inkstones of different sizes and postures. 1996 Since its opening in February, it has received thousands of leaders from the central and provincial governments and celebrities from all walks of life, and organized and co-organized various calligraphy and painting exhibitions for more than ten times. CCTV and provincial TV stations have visited the art museum for many times to shoot special topics and news, and many newspapers and periodicals have also reported on the art museum. The art museum has become one of the tourist attractions in the province, an important window for the county's external publicity and spiritual civilization construction, a comprehensive painting and calligraphy base integrating painting and calligraphy collection, painting and calligraphy exchange and painting and calligraphy exhibition, and a home and activity center for painting and calligraphy lovers in the county. Art galleries play an irreplaceable role in making our county the hometown of the whole country.

The rich cultural heritage of the Tang Dynasty has cultivated famous painters and painters from generation to generation. Sun Ying, Li Yan, Xie Jiadao, Xin Shouqing and other famous contemporary painters and painters are outstanding representatives of the hometown of painting and calligraphy. Under their guidance, the mass calligraphy and painting activities in the county are in the ascendant, forming a strong cultural and artistic atmosphere in which everyone splashes ink and learns Danqing.