Selection of outdoor camping tent and matters needing attention

Outdoor camping is a sport that many young people are very keen on. Everyone expects to build a humble home outdoors temporarily, so that it can be closer to nature. The choice of outdoor camping tents is very elegant. Here is a detailed recommendation for everyone.

First, it is very important to choose camping tents and sleeping bags. Generally speaking, the three-season tents sold by outdoor specialty stores or large sporting goods supermarkets can meet the needs of most people's ordinary outdoor camping environment. The basic tent also needs wind-proof and waterproof technical materials. For sleeping bags used in summer, you can choose envelope sleeping bags or mommy baby sleeping bags with suitable temperature above 10 degrees Celsius, and they can be made of wool or down (damp-proof pads are required for outdoor use).

Second: take ordinary camping supplies to go camping. If there is no special need, everything can be simple and light. The less you bring, the better. The principle is enough. Camping places are generally short of water and electricity, bring a kettle; Bring a flashlight (strong flashlight is preferred). Headlights are a must. If you want to create an atmosphere, you can also bring a Bluetooth camping lamp that supports music playback.

If you drive to the campsite, it is recommended to bring a bucket of bottled water. With enough water, you can cook outdoors. Usually three to six liters of water are needed for a two-day camping activity. If you really need to make a fire and cook in the camp, portable gas tanks, stoves, tableware, ingredients, etc. It is also necessary; Finally, there are the "three treasures" of sleeping-tents, sleeping bags and moisture-proof mats.

Third: outdoor personal items that need to be configured. In terms of personal dress for camping in summer, try to choose breathable, light and quick-drying outdoor underwear; Try to wear hiking shoes, hiking shoes and upstream shoes (high-top hiking shoes can effectively protect ankles. Remember, in most outdoor activities in mountainous areas, the clothes on your feet only play an aesthetic role, and the shoes on your feet are really used to save your life.

Wearing a pair of socks with good air permeability is helpful to relieve foot fatigue and improve comfort; Quick-drying underwear and outerwear are helpful to keep the best comfort of the body when climbing mountains and wading (to prevent excessive sweating and catching cold when stopping to rest, and to keep warm and prevent cold);

You can wear a thicker coat and fleece coat in the morning and evening; Climbing vines can keep balance when walking on steep mountain roads, and can slow down the impact load of the body on the knees when going downhill; In addition, you also need sun protection and mosquito prevention items and sports first aid supplies.

Fourth: In addition to on-site barbecue and simple cold meals (such as noodles, noodles, bread, biscuits, sausages, canned fish, pies, etc. ), outdoor camping can also bring some high-calorie chocolate, which can quickly replenish physical strength.

Because of sweating in outdoor activities, it is recommended to eat more foods with high sweetness and sugar content, as well as fruits such as bananas and apples that help intestinal digestion, so as to supplement the potassium lacking in the body at any time. In outdoor camping, it is more appropriate to drink some sports drinks to maintain the balance of minerals in the body.

Five, the safest ideal place to camp in such a campsite should generally pay attention to the basic principle of "headwind, flat, open, away from rivers, preferably halfway up the mountain, with your back to the sun to avoid shade". This is the safest wild campsite! Don't camp in places prone to landslides, and don't camp on roads, grass trails (animal trails) and expressway, not to mention dry rivers and hilltops near rivers! If it affects the path of small animals, or violates natural attempts, or violates the natural laws of summer weather, it will have serious consequences.

Several camp selection ideas (the conventional route can be used as a simple reference):

Best: a fully developed ready-made camp.

Followed by: rubble yard, sandy land, humus layer in forest and grassland above forest line.

Poor: Waterfront. The following content will focus on sharing camping skills in high-altitude camps, written by senior Shan Youai hydropower teacher.

There are many kinds of outdoor camps, each with its own camping skills. Personally, I like to build various camps on the plateau. Broadly speaking, a large and complete highland above 500 meters above sea level is considered a plateau, but what is emphasized here is the skill of camping in a plateau environment above 3000 meters above sea level, and camping at this height is a concern of many friends. Today, based on the high altitude environment, we will talk about the characteristics of many different kinds of camps and the corresponding construction skills under this environmental condition.

1. Alpine meadow camp The altitude of alpine meadow area is usually 3000-5000 meters. The ground is usually densely covered with various perennial herbs. The ground is soft and contains a lot of humus, and there may be some low shrubs or coniferous forests around it. Alpine meadow camps usually have beautiful scenery and wide vision, and there are almost no low-altitude risks such as mountain torrents or mudslides, so camping is the least difficult. Alpine meadow has a strong water seepage ability, and the rain will quickly penetrate into the surface after falling, so you don't have to worry about whether to configure the tent bottom or whether there is water flow under the tent.

Because of the high altitude, the temperature will be lower in the morning and evening, and the temperature at night is often below zero degrees Celsius, especially in the higher latitudes. Sudden heavy snow is also common. There will be strong directional and non-directional winds in some open places.

Pay attention to the following points when camping in plateau areas (not just plateau meadow areas):

1. The ability of tents to resist snow pressure is not better than that of plain areas at high altitude, and there will not be too many signs of snowstorm. A night may not be long, but the snow on a tent can easily reach 100 kilograms, even without such a long time. It is difficult for two cross-supported tents to support such a large weight, and it is common for tents made of aluminum alloy or composite materials to break their poles. If only this kind of tent is available, you must work hard and shake or bounce off the snow every hour or two. This operation can be done inside or outside the tent. If necessary, the existing supporting capacity can be strengthened by using the available brackets at hand.

The ideal tent against snow pressure usually has a pyramid or tower structure. First, the snow on these two tents is easy to slide down by itself, and second, poles or trekking poles that are easier to bear are supporting these two tents.

There are many ultra-light tents that can stand on their own, and they are also supported by aluminum alloy or composite tent poles and connecting joints, which have little snow pressure resistance and should be used with caution.

2. The wind resistance of tents is sometimes very serious, especially in high altitude areas in the north. The wind-resistant ability of tents is usually related to the type of tents and their wind-resistant design, but the building skills are equally important!

No matter what type of tent it is, the tight wind rope and solid ground nails will play a decisive role in its stability. Be careful every time you camp, don't wait for the wind to blow before you rush to deal with it. The angle between the nail and the pull rope should be set to be slightly greater than 90 degrees, and the rope end should be close to the ground. If the nails under the meadow are not smooth, it means that there may be gravel or grass roots below. Just go to another place and try to ensure the angle and depth of the nail.

three

Ventilation performance of tents is the key to reduce water vapor intrusion. The use of breathable fabrics and reasonable ventilation design will play a certain role, and the combination of the two will be more effective. Unfortunately, commercial tents usually use materials that are airtight or poorly breathable, especially when using single-layer airtight tents.

Outdoor newcomers often ask why they don't use waterproof and breathable GTX fabrics. I'll answer them here by the way. As a waterproof garment, GTX fabric is an ideal waterproof and breathable fabric, but its permeability index is far from enough for single-layer tents or Bivy, and not only because of its high price.

Second, the snow camp Snow camp obviously does not refer to those camps that have snowed after camping, but the thick snow is already there. Snow camps may be on alpine meadows, glaciers, gravel or other terrain. Because the snow is thick, you usually don't know what the terrain is like under the snow.

With luck, you can easily remove a thin layer of snow, but unfortunately, there is a lot of snow that is difficult to reach the bottom, and it is often difficult for conventional ground nails and snow nails to provide sufficient anchoring force. Judging from the descriptions in various outdoor media and books, it is necessary to have professional equipment to deal with such terrain. Snow cones and ice picks are probably the most described. Others may be told to use skis or something, but this kind of equipment is too heavy and often carries a limited number, which is difficult to see in regular outdoor activities.

The camp in the above picture is at 5 100 meters above sea level of Riwuche Glacier in Gongga area. I used the flexible tent anchor for the first time in the field and achieved satisfactory results. To put it bluntly, a relatively strong plastic bag filled with snow and buried in the corresponding snow pit being dug will provide sufficient anchoring force. We have prepared more than twenty such snow nails, and it is safe enough to set up this tent with half of them. Of course, after that, the equipment was obviously upgraded, and the newly designed ultra-light nylon bag replaced the water and electricity plastic bag, which was convenient for reuse and had higher strength. In order to disperse the tension, this flexible snow nail tightening method also adopts an unconventional way. After each anchor point is set, four ropes bear the same force and are very durable. In addition, the same equipment can also be used for camping in sand or gravel.

Another way to camp in the snow is to dig snow holes, and tents or awnings are just used to close the entrance. Snow caves can be dug down or on snowy mountainsides. The picture below shows the semi-snow cave built near Xuelongbao C 1 camp, with the lower part being a snow cave and the upper part being a tent. We were trapped by an avalanche and were forced to stay here for a day and two nights.

It should be noted that when camping in the snow, you often encounter various forms of water vapor invasion. Please refer to the articles published before hydropower, so I won't say it here.

Third, when the snow is thick, the glacier camp is almost equivalent to the snow camp. Only when the snow on the glacier surface is blown away or melted by the wind will the hard ice layer be exposed. In the cold winter, a seemingly insignificant stream in summer will also become a terrible huge ice surface. You can think of it as a huge glacier, because the skills of camping on it are similar.

Nailing directly on the ice usually doesn't work well. On the hard ice, nails often bend, and the ice will break and lose its anchoring force. Screw-in ice cones for climbing protection can provide powerful anchoring points, but unfortunately they are usually not equipped with too many such devices. Short cement nails are better for ice, but only special small hammers or ice cone hammers can be used. Pulling out the frozen nails in the camp may encounter some troubles and require some patience and skill. In addition, for ultra-light tent fabrics, once they are frozen, don't pull them hard. Think of some safe ways to peel it slowly, don't worry.

Fourthly, the stone beach camp is usually higher than the alpine meadow, and it needs more experience to build a camp on the stone beach. There is hardly a small piece of land in the whole environment. If your tent has a bottom, it will be much worse, because only in the gap can you find a flat land that can accommodate your body, and you can't judge and operate through the tent. In most cases, the edge of the tent may not be close to the ground, so the landing needs to be adjusted. As a result, few bottom edges can land in a straight line. Obviously, in this case, the bottomless tent has obvious advantages. Conventional ground nails are still not easy to use, or even useless at all. We can consider tying the windbreak rope directly to the stone to fix the tent, or simply fastening the tent with the snow nail with gravel head mentioned above.

Luanshitan camp is vulnerable to strong winds and must be treated with extra care, otherwise the consequences will be unimaginable. Once the tent is blown away by the wind, it is no joke!

5. Many high-altitude rivers in riverside camps come from glacial meltwater, and few rivers surge. Sometimes a relatively flat river bed can be used. In most cases, the surface conditions of riverside camps are similar to those of rocky beaches, but some conditions are relatively good, such as the occasional existence of some small meadows.

The construction skills of the rocky beach camp above are also applicable to this, but pulling the wind rope near the river requires some special skills, some need to use the lever principle, and some need to use their brains, but the most convenient thing is to put the stone in with snow nails and tighten it by gravity. After tightening, it can even sink the whole stone into the water.

6. Forest Camps Forest camps are usually low in altitude, but the surface conditions are similar to alpine meadows. Because of the existence of trees, the ways of fixing wind ropes can be more diversified. A tent can even be supported by two or more branch fulcrums on both sides or above without trekking poles.

If there are enough dense trees in the forest, you can consider experiencing hammocks, but it is far less realistic than tents.

Seven, Boulder Camp This camp near Mi Tang Haizi at the foot of Xuelongbao brought me extremely comfortable enjoyment. The camp was built on a boulder with a fairly flat surface. The problem is how to build a non-self-supporting tent without nails, but the end result is to use "all-purpose" snow nails.

And some snow nails are hung. The strength control of suspension method needs to be explored slowly or has certain practical experience, and problems will occur if the counterweight is too heavy or too light.

By the way, you can refer to this method for building non-self-supporting tents on other hard and flat land.

8. It is both a challenge and a pleasure to use nature protection for camping activities in open-air camps. There will be considerable security under caves and boulders, while camping in the open air requires good weather. If you can only accept compromise, using an ultra-light camping bag is an option.