Overview of junior high school geography knowledge points

Junior high school geography has the nature of both social science and natural science. For other subjects, junior high school geography should be more studious. The premise of easy learning is that you have to memorize the knowledge points of junior high school geography. Next, I collected the outline of junior high school geography knowledge points for your reference. Thank you for reading!

Overview of junior high school geography knowledge points

1, the shape and size of the earth

The earth is an irregular sphere with slightly flattened poles, with an average diameter of 637 1 m.

2. Latitude and latitude

On the globe, the circle around the globe in the east-west direction is called the latitude line. The equator is the longest, gradually shortening to the poles and finally becoming a point. Latitude indicates the east-west direction.

3. Longitude and Longitude

On the globe, the line connecting the north and south poles and intersecting the latitude perpendicular is called meridian, also called meridian. All meridians are semicircular; The length is equal, indicating the north-south direction.

The warp circles of 20 W and 160 E are the dividing lines between the eastern and western hemispheres.

4. The rotation of the earth and the alternation of day and night.

The earth keeps spinning around its axis from west to east, which is the so-called earth rotation. It takes about 24 hours to turn around, which is one day. Rotation produces the alternation of day and night.

Junior high school students' learning

5, the earth revolution and seasonal changes

While the earth rotates, it revolves around the sun from west to east, and the time for a revolution is one year. The rotation of the earth produces seasonal changes.

6. Division of five regions

The Tropic of Cancer is the dividing line between tropical and temperate zones. Polar circle is the dividing line between cold zone and temperate zone. The tropics are between the Tropic of Cancer, the temperate zones are between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle, and between the Tropic of Cancer and the Antarctic Circle. There are no extreme days and nights in a year, and the four seasons change obviously. The cold zone is located in the area north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle, and it is extreme day and night.

Junior high school students' learning

7. Three elements of map

Scales, legends and notes.

8. Altitude and relative height

The vertical distance above sea level somewhere on the ground is called altitude. The vertical distance from one place to another is called relative height.

9. Contour

Connecting points with the same altitude into a line is the contour line.

Junior high school students' learning

10, distribution of land and sea in the world

The marine area accounts for 7 1%, and the land area only accounts for 29%.

1 1, land topography

It is divided into five basic types: mountains, plains, plateaus, basins and hills.

12, the power of terrain change

The actions produced inside the earth are called internal forces, such as crustal movement, volcano and earthquake, which are all manifestations of the internal forces of the earth. Forces from outside the earth are called external forces, such as running water, wind, waves and glaciers.

65438+

Weather is the atmospheric condition of a place in a short time, such as sunny, rainy, hot and cold. Climate is the average weather condition of a place for many years, which generally changes little.

Junior high school students' learning

14, temperature change

During the day, the land temperature generally appears after noon (about14); The lowest temperature appears around sunrise.

World temperature distribution.

The world temperature gradually drops from low latitude to polar regions; The sea and land at the same latitude have high land temperature and low ocean temperature in summer. Winter is the opposite. The temperature is also affected by the height of the terrain. Every altitude 100 meters, the temperature drops by 0. 6℃。

16, world precipitation distribution

General rule: there is much precipitation near the equator; Less precipitation in polar regions; On both sides of the Tropic of Cancer, there is less precipitation on the west coast of the mainland and more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland; There is more precipitation in mid-latitude coastal areas and less precipitation in inland areas.

17, main tropical climate types

① Tropical Rainforest Climate

② Tropical grassland climate

③ Tropical monsoon climate

④ Tropical desert climate

Junior high school students' learning

18, the main climate type in temperate zone.

① temperate and subtropical monsoon climate

② Mediterranean climate

③ temperate continental climate

④ temperate maritime climate

19, natural resources

Land, sunshine, water, minerals, forests, etc. Resources that are valuable to human beings are all natural resources. According to the characteristics of its formation, it can be divided into two categories: one is renewable resources; First, non-renewable resources.

Junior high school students' learning

20. Land use types

Land use types can be divided into cultivated land, woodland, grassland, building land and other types.

2 1, distribution of land resources

The temperate humid plain is flat and is the main distribution area of cultivated land in the world. Large areas of coniferous forests and rainforests are preserved in the cold and humid sub-frigid zone and the hot and rainy tropical zone. Tropical and temperate semi-arid areas have vast grasslands, which are the main distribution areas of animal husbandry in the world.

22, the distribution of water resources on the earth

There are three main forms of water on the earth: sea water, land water and atmospheric water.

Junior high school students' learning

forest

People call the forest "the master regulating room of nature". There are 4 billion hectares of forests in the world, most of which are distributed in the northern hemisphere.

24. Iron ore in the world

Mainly distributed in Russian, Malaysian, China, Australian, Indian, Canadian and American. Coal is mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere, Eurasia and central North America. The Middle East accounts for more than half of the world's oil reserves.

Junior high school students' learning

25. Population of all continents

Africa has the fastest population growth rate in the world, followed by South America, and Europe has the slowest population growth rate.

26. There are three main forms of population migration.

The first is technology migration, the second is labor export, and the third is international refugee migration.

27. World population distribution

Eastern and southern Asia, Europe and eastern North America are the most densely populated areas, and the densely populated areas are mainly located in the plains near the middle and low latitudes.

28. Urban population

More than 70% of the population in developed countries is urban, while the urban population in developing countries accounts for just over 30% of the population.

Junior high school students' learning

29. Race in the world

White, yellow, black.

30. Countries in the world

There are more than 190 countries in the world, and the area of Russia exceeds170,000 square kilometers. China ranks third with an area of about 9.6 million square kilometers. The smallest is the Vatican.

3 1, region

Land, territorial sea, territorial sea and airspace within national boundaries are collectively referred to as territory.

32. Seven continents and four oceans

Seven continents: Asia, Africa, Antarctica, South America, North America, Europe and Oceania.

Four oceans: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean.

Junior high school students' learning

33. East Asian countries

East Asia is located in the east of Asia and the west of the Pacific Ocean, including China, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Japan and other countries. Animal husbandry plays an important role in Mongolia. Japan is a country with developed modern industry. East Asia is one of the regions with the most remarkable monsoon climate in the world. The north wind prevails in winter and the south wind prevails in summer.

34. East Asian population

East Asia is the main distribution area of yellow people in the world, and most of the residents are yellow people.

35.japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Its territory consists of four big islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and some small islands. The Japanese archipelago is located in the volcanic seismic belt around the Pacific Ocean, and there are many volcanoes. Mount Fuji is one of the active volcanoes and the mountain of Japan.

36. Japanese economy

Japan's trade target is the United States, followed by Asia and Western Europe. Japanese industry is mainly distributed in the narrow strip along the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea coast.

Junior high school students' learning

37. Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is located in the southeast of Asia, including Indochina Peninsula and Malay Archipelago. Indonesia is an archipelago country in the world. It is the country with the most volcanic activity in the world. Indo-China Peninsula and northern Philippine Islands belong to tropical monsoon climate.

38. Population and economy in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is the most concentrated area of Chinese and overseas Chinese, and most of their ancestors are residents of China, Guangdong and Fujian. Southeast Asia is the origin of tropical cash crops such as natural rubber, palm oil, coconut and banana hemp in the world, and most residents in various countries mainly feed on rice. Tin and oil are the most important minerals in Southeast Asia. Singapore is called "Garden City".

39. South Asia

South Asia is the birthplace of Buddhism and Hinduism. The central plain alluvial by the Indus River and Ganges River is the main agricultural area and densely populated area in South Asia. Most of the Indian Peninsula is occupied by Deccan Plateau.

40.india

India has a large area of cultivated land, which is a country with a large area of cultivated land in Asia. The main food crops in India are rice and wheat, and the cash crops are cotton, tea and jute. The main minerals in India are coal, iron and manganese. Mainly distributed in the northeast of Deccan Plateau. The capital, New Delhi. Calcutta is rich in jute. Located on the west coast, Mumbai is India's seaport and the center of cotton textile industry.

Junior high school students' learning

4 1, Central Asia

Central Asia is located in the middle of Eurasia and lives in Asia. The terrain is dominated by hills and plains. Uzbekistan is known as the "Platinum Country" because it is rich in cotton. Livestock are mainly fine wool sheep and lamb skin sheep.

42. West Asia and North Africa

West Asia and North Africa are located at the junction of Asia, Europe and Africa, the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The Dead Sea Lake is -400 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point on the land surface in the world. Most areas have a tropical desert climate.

43. Sahara desert

The Sahara desert is a desert in the world. There is high temperature and little rain all the year round, plants are scarce, and there is rich oil under the desert.

44. Arabs and Islam

West Asia and North Africa are multi-ethnic areas, mainly white. West Asia is the birthplace of Islam and Judaism. Jerusalem is regarded as the holy city by Islam, Judaism and Judaism.

Junior high school students' learning

45. West Asia and North Africa

West Asia and North Africa are the regions that produce and export the most oil.

46. Animal husbandry and agriculture

Date palm is the representative plant of oasis agriculture.

Junior high school students' learning

47.pakistan

Located on the west side of Arabian Peninsula, it is the transportation hub of Europe, Asia and Africa. Develop drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technology.

Junior high school students' learning

48.egypt

Located in the northeast of Africa, more than 90% of the whole territory is desert. The Nile is more than 6600 kilometers long and is the longest river in the world. It originated in the eastern plateau of Africa and flowed into the Mediterranean Sea. In the past, long-staple cotton has always been an export commodity of Egypt. In recent years, Egypt's oil, canals, remittances and tourism revenues have surpassed cotton and become the main economic pillar of Egypt.

Junior high school students' learning

Africa.

The topography of the African continent is dominated by plateaus, and the Great Rift Valley in East Africa starts from Zambezi River in the south and crosses the Red Sea in the north. Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa. The Great Rift Valley in East Africa was formed by the crustal fracture during the movement. Animals are mainly zebras, antelopes, giraffes, lions and leopards. The reserves and output of gold and diamonds rank first in the world.

50. African population and economy

The whole economy is based on primary products.

Junior high school geography learning methods

Study geography seriously.

The most important thing in learning junior high school geography is seriousness. Take a map for example, every bit of information on it may become the content of the exam. A little careless, it is likely that the map will be read in vain. Geography is different from politics and history, and there are many common sense things, so it is not too difficult to remember. However, there are many things to remember, so you should be willing to spend time and come up with your own tricks, such as "homophonic memory method" or "image memory method" and so on.

When studying physical geography, you will understand more things, because this part is close to science, but as long as you are willing to spend time thinking about some problems, it will not be too difficult to learn. In terms of human geography, memory accounts for a large part. Recite it a few times more, and you will have less time. Every time, you can find something more subtle that you didn't notice before.

How to study geography

We should learn from the viewpoint of connection, for example, climate is closely related to agriculture, minerals are closely related to industry, and population distribution is related to the natural environment. Various natural conditions are interrelated, such as climate and hydrology, hydrology and vegetation. So you can't study in isolation and learn by rote. Memorize on the basis of understanding.

Preview before class

When previewing, read the general content quickly and read the key and difficult content in detail. Take brief notes during the preview, underline the important knowledge, mark the difficult knowledge with question marks, and find out the problems that you don't understand or problems that appear during the preview, so that you can learn with problems in the new class and ask the teacher after class if you can't solve them.

Review after class

Review and homework are not an end, but an effective means to consolidate what you have learned in preview and lectures in time. According to the law of forgetting, review and homework should be done in time after class. Generally speaking, it is better to finish your homework independently after reviewing relevant textbooks and notes.

Tips for junior high school geography learning

Beijing-Tianjin-Shanghai-Chongqing municipality; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of Ning Meng;

One country, two systems, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao; Three northeastern provinces, Heijiliao;

Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong belong to North China; Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi are in East China;

Hunan, Hubei and Henan belong to Central China. South China has Guangdong, Fujian and Qiong;

Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou belong to the southwest; There are Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai in the northwest.

Articles related to the outline of junior high school geography knowledge points:

★ Outline of junior high school geography knowledge points

★ Outline of knowledge points of junior high school geography education edition

★ Junior high school geography must recite knowledge points.

★ geography review outline for senior two.

★ junior high school geography review outline

★ Review the knowledge points of ice flood in junior high school geography examination.

★ Review outline of geography knowledge points for senior high school entrance examination

★ Summary of Knowledge Points in the First Volume of the Seventh Grade Geography People's Education Edition 2020

★ Knowledge points and review outline of the first volume of 8th grade geography

★ encyclopedia of geographical knowledge points in grade seven