Find the universal answer material of geography, history and politics. As we all know, there are many material questions in liberal arts, which are actually around those answering points.

Basic overview Section 1. Small agricultural topics: (1) Favorable conditions for tea growth: (1) Wet and rainy climate; ② Slope land with good drainage. ⑵ The natural conditions for highland barley production in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are high terrain and low temperature.

Large temperature difference, less precipitation and plenty of sunshine. (3) The reason why the Nile Delta (southern Xinjiang) is rich in long-staple cotton is because there is plenty of sunshine in summer, less precipitation, fertile soil and convenient irrigation conditions. (4)

The advantages of developing animal husbandry in Australia are: ① there are large areas of arid and semi-arid areas and excellent grasslands; ② There are many artesian wells for livestock to drink; ③ No large wild carnivores. (5) Western Europe (northeastern United States)

The advantages of developing dairy industry are: ① high latitude, low temperature, large cloud cover, rainy, weak light and poor soil, which are not suitable for the development of planting industry, but suitable for the growth of juicy pasture. (Natural conditions) ② Population,

The city is dense, the market demand is large, the transportation is convenient and the economy is developed. (socio-economic conditions) [6] The influence of monsoon climate on agricultural development: Advantages: the coincidence of rain and heat is conducive to crop growth. Disadvantages: frequent droughts and floods.

Variant: The temperate monsoon climate (Huanghuaihai Plain) has favorable conditions for developing cotton planting: ① it is hot and rainy in summer, and the rain and heat are in the same period, which is beneficial to cotton growth; (2) There is little rain and sunny weather in autumn.

Conducive to the later growth and harvest of cotton. (7) Agriculture in Central Asia is dominated by desert animal husbandry and irrigated agriculture. The reasons are as follows: ① Central Asia is deep inland, with temperate continental climate and scarce precipitation, and the vegetation is mainly grassland and desert.

Suitable for developing desert animal husbandry; (2) China has rivers such as Irtysh River, Amu Darya River and Syr Darya River, so irrigated agriculture should be developed. (8) Management mode of tropical cash crops: enterprise plantation. Production characteristics: large production scale,

The commodity rate is high. Mainly distributed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Characteristics of economic structure: How to develop the economy of a single economic country dominated by tropical enterprise plantations: ①

Continue to give play to its advantages and do a good job in the production of tropical cash crops; Pay close attention to grain production and strive to increase grain output; ③ Adjust the industrial structure and establish an independent and complete industrial system and national economic system; ④ Strengthening "South-South cooperation";

⑤ Strengthen the "North-South Dialogue" and establish a new international economic order. The reasons for the outstanding food problem in Africa are as follows: ① the natural population growth rate is high; ② harsh natural conditions; (3) Deforestation, deforestation and overgrazing,

Drought and land desertification have intensified; ⑽ Reasons for the lack of water and food in Singapore: ① The land area is small, although it is located in the tropical rain forest area, there are no big rivers and the runoff is small; ② The land area is small and the cultivated land area is small.

The grain output is low. ⑾ Multiple cropping index: ① The reasons of low multiple cropping index and yield in Russia are high latitude and insufficient heat in agricultural production; ② Australian multiple cropping index problem: low latitude,

However, the low multiple cropping index is related to the agricultural economic structure. In its mixed farming area, wheat and sheep alternate, wheat multiple cropping index is low, and there are a lot of leisure land. The favorable effects of low multiple cropping index on land are:

Conducive to the restoration of soil fertility ③ Reasons for the high multiple cropping index in China: low latitude and less cultivated land per capita ⑿ The land area of the United States and India is smaller than that of China, but the cultivated land area is much larger than that of China. The reason for this is the following：

(From the analysis of climate and topography) ① The plains of the United States and India cover a large area, while the arid areas are relatively small; (2) The plain of China covers a small area, while the arid area covers a large area. [13] agricultural problems in urban suburbs:

Agriculture (vegetables, meat, eggs, milk and gardening) in the suburbs of Shanghai 14. Commodity grain agriculture: the basic characteristics of Northeast China and the United States: large production scale, high level of mechanization and high commodity rate of agricultural products;

Location factor analysis: natural factors: ① temperate monsoon climate, high temperature and rainy summer, rain and heat at the same time; ② The terrain is flat and open; ③ The cultivated land area is vast; ④ Fertile soil; ⑤ There is plenty of water. Socio-economic factors:

① The land is vast and sparsely populated, and the commodity rate of agricultural products is high; ② Large production scale and high mechanization level; ③ Convenient transportation; ④ Broad market; ⑤ The industry is relatively developed; ⑥ National policy support. Have shortcomings:

(1) insufficient heat; ② Land desertification and soil erosion are aggravated; ③ Soil fertility declined; ④ Winter is affected by cold wave and freezing injury. Comparison of similarities and differences with American commodity grain agriculture: similarity; ① The agricultural geographical types are the same;

② The land is vast and sparsely populated, and the commodity rate of agricultural products is high; ③ Large production scale and high mechanization level; ④ Convenient transportation; ⑤ Broad market; ⑥ The industry is relatively developed; ⑦ The natural conditions of agricultural production process are similar.

Differences: ① Different modes of operation, mainly family farmers in the United States and state-owned farms in China; ① There are differences in the level of science and technology; ③ Different levels of specialization; (4) the grain output is different, and the grain output in the United States is high.

⒂ Pasture grazing: Location factors of Argentine pampas grassland Natural factors: mild climate, lush pasture and large grassland area; Socio-economic factors: ① the land is vast and sparsely populated, and the land rent is low; ② Close to the harbour;

The improvement of traffic conditions and the progress of refrigeration technology. Second, the flood topic: (1) The reason for the serious flood in Bangladesh: natural reasons: (1) The southwest monsoon is strong, with heavy rain and abundant precipitation; ② Low-lying terrain,

Poor drainage; ③ Ganges River and Yarlung Zangbo River meet here and enter the flood season at the same time; Man-made reasons: ④ High population density, more vegetation destruction in the upper reaches and serious soil erosion. (2) Causes of frequent droughts and floods in India:

Strong southwest monsoon, or coming early and leaving late, is easy to cause waterlogging; Otherwise it will cause drought. ⑶ Reasons for the large flow of Amazon River: ① Located near the equator, affected by equatorial depression, there are more updrafts and abundant precipitation.

(2) The plain terrain and the terrain open to the east on three sides are beneficial to the entry of Atlantic water vapor. (3) After water vapor enters inland, it is lifted by plateaus and mountains, and the basin area of topographic precipitation is wide.

Surface water is collected from three sides of the Amazon River. Three. Drought topic: (1) Temperate desert-Taklimakan (Karakum) desert is formed because it lives deep in the mainland, far away from the ocean and has little precipitation.

Strong evaporation; Variation: Patagonia desert in southern South America Origin: located in temperate zone, prevailing westerly wind, east of Andes, leeward slope, less precipitation. ⑵

Tropical desert-Sahara (Victoria) desert is formed because it is controlled by subtropical high or trade winds all the year round, and it is hot and dry all the year round. Variant: South Asia thar desert Origin: Southwest monsoon is not easy to reach,

The original vegetation was destroyed and the ground lacked vegetation protection. (3) The reason why the Chilean desert is long and narrow from north to south is: (1) The Andes are close to the west coast, so it is difficult for the tropical desert climate to spread eastward; ② Affected by the cold current in Peru,

Extend the tropical desert climate to the north; (4) The reasons for the formation of the tropical grassland climate in the East African Plateau are: high terrain, low temperature, weak convection and little precipitation, which do not have the conditions for the formation of tropical rain forest climate. (5) Causes of spring drought in North China:

In spring, the temperature rises rapidly and the evaporation is strong; Precipitation is scarce. [6] There is no reason for the spring drought in Northeast China: the latitude is higher, the temperature is lower, and there is snow and meltwater in spring. (7) Water shortage in North China: Reasons: ① Natural reasons:

Temperate monsoon climate, less annual precipitation, small river runoff; The variability of precipitation is large; Evaporation is very strong in spring. ② Human factors: dense population, developed industry and agriculture, and large water demand; Serious water pollution; Waste a lot,

Low utilization rate; Water consumption for spring planting is large in spring. Governance measures: ① South-to-North Water Transfer Project; (2) building a reservoir; ③ Controlling population and improving quality; ④ Reduce water pollution; Reduce waste and improve utilization rate; ⑤

Restrict the development of high water consumption industries; ⑥ Develop water-saving agriculture and adopt drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technology to improve utilization rate; ⑦ implement water price adjustment and establish water-saving consciousness; 8 seawater desalination, etc. Death (salty)

The reasons for the shrinking sea area are as follows: ① Located in the tropical desert climate zone (inland hinterland), there is little precipitation and strong evaporation. (Natural reasons) ② Jordan River is used for industry and agriculture (expanding cotton fields, introducing Amu Darya,

Syr Darya irrigation reduces river runoff into the Dead Sea (salty). (socio-economic reasons) 4. Small topic of salinity and ocean current: (1) The highest salinity is in the Red Sea, because: (1) is located in subtropical waters.

Rainfall is scarce and evaporation is strong. (2) Surrounded by tropical desert areas, lacking river injection. ② The lowest salinity is the Baltic Sea, because: ① It is located at a higher latitude, with low temperature and weak evaporation.

② Surrounded by a temperate maritime climate zone, fresh water is injected. ③ The reason why Balkhash Lake is salty in the east and light in the west: ① The east: located inland, with less precipitation and strong evaporation; Lack of river injection. ② West:

There is also river water injection, which plays a role in dilution. ③ The narrow middle part is not conducive to the exchange of water bodies on both sides, resulting in a great difference in salinity between the two sides. ⑷ The horizontal distribution law of salinity in surface seawater in the world:

It decreases from the subtropical waters in the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere to the low latitudes and high latitudes on both sides respectively. 5. The reason for judging whether an ocean current is cold (warm) is that the temperature of the sea area where the ocean current flows is lower (higher) than that of other sea areas at the same latitude.

Direction: From higher (lower) latitude to lower (higher) latitude. V. Small topic of contour topographic map: (1) The reservoir dam was built in the river canyon for the following reasons: (1) It is located in the canyon, which is favorable for dam construction;

(2) The topography of the basin has a large water storage capacity. ⑵ Reasons for site selection of traffic lines (railways and highways): sparse contour lines, gentle terrain gradient, short construction period, low investment and easy construction. ⑶

Determine that a certain place is a basin, and judge the reason: rivers converge to the middle, indicating that the terrain is low in the middle and high around. (4) The reason why the water diversion project chooses a certain location is that the terrain is high, and the river can flow naturally along the terrain. ⑸

The reason why a certain place is chosen as a terrace is because the terrain is gentle and the slope is small. Reclaiming terraced fields here not only expands the cultivated land area, but also benefits soil and water conservation, realizes the unity of ecological, economic and social benefits and realizes sustainable development.

[6] Choose the route to climb the mountain, because the contour line is sparse, the terrain slope is small, and it is easy to climb the mountain. 6. Small topic of marine resources: ① Fishery resources are concentrated in temperate coastal continental shelf waters for the following reasons: ①

Continental shelf waters, shallow seawater, abundant sunshine and strong photosynthesis; (2) The confluence of cold current and warm current or the flooding of cold seawater in winter will bring nutrients from the seabed to the surface; (3) Rivers entering the sea bring rich nutrients; Plankton is multiplying,

Fish feed is sufficient and it is easy to form a large fishing ground. ⑵ Distribution law of seabed mineral resources: ① Coastal placer: building materials such as sand and shells and metal minerals ② Continental shelf and shallow seabed: oil, natural gas and coal,

Mineral resources such as sulfur and phosphorus ③ Ocean basin: deep-sea manganese nodules (mainly concentrated in the North Pacific) VII. Small topic of rivers and traffic: (1) The name change of China South Flowing River at home and abroad: Yuanjiang-Honghe.

Lancang-Mekong Nujiang-salween Yarlung Zangbo-Brahmaputra River (2) The reason for the great shipping value of western European rivers is abundant water and stable water level.

Small sediment concentration, no ice age, and great shipping value. (3) The reasons for the low shipping value of the Russian ob river (Yenisei River and Lena River) are high latitude, long freezing period and ice flood. (4).

The significance of polar route development lies in shortening the voyage and saving time and energy. (5) Southwest China is rich in hydropower resources, mainly because (1) is located in a humid area, with abundant precipitation and large runoff; (2) located in a,

At the junction of the two steps, there is a big drop in the river. Variant: the Three Gorges area is rich in water energy, mainly because it is located in a humid area, with abundant precipitation and large runoff; ② Located at the junction of the second and third steps, the river has a large drop. ⑹

Significance of Nanning-Kunming railway construction: Economic significance: ① It is conducive to resource development and material export. (2) It is conducive to giving full play to the economic radiation function of railways and promoting the development of export-oriented economy. (3) is conducive to the development of tourism resources,

Drive the development of the tertiary industry. Political significance: ① It is conducive to consolidating national unity. (2) is conducive to speed up the southwest poverty alleviation. (3) Conducive to social stability; Strategic significance: ① it is conducive to speeding up opening up,

Develop an export-oriented economy. (2) It is conducive to consolidating national defense and defending the frontier. (7) The significance of Russia's construction of trans-siberian railway: ① Strengthening the economic ties between the East and the West and promoting the exchange of materials; ② Accelerate the development of resources,

Transforming resource advantages into economic advantages; Eight, geological and topographic topics: (1) The discovery of abundant coal in Antarctica (the Arctic region is rich in oil) shows that the Antarctic (Arctic) region was once located in a warm and humid area with dense forests.

This is strong evidence of plate tectonic theory. (2) Congo basin was originally an inland lake, which was formed by the uplift of the crust, the downward cutting of rivers and the outflow of lake water. (3)

Causes of the Dead Sea (Lake Baikal, Lake Tanganyika, Fenhe River Basin and Weihe River Basin): internal force-fault subsidence (4) Causes of the five major freshwater lakes in North America (European fjords and lakes):

External Force-Glaciation (5) Formation of Lushan Mountain (Huashan Mountain and Taishan Mountain): Block Mountain (6) Topographic features of seven continents: Asia: ① The terrain is complex and changeable, with large ups and downs, and the plateaus and mountains are wide; ②

The terrain is high in the middle and low around, and the plains are mostly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of rivers; Non-continental: ① the terrain is mainly plateau, and the horizon is not large; (2) A huge East African Rift Zone runs through the east; ③ Topographic features: high in the southeast,

Northwest Europe: ① Europe is dominated by mountains and plains, with a vast plain area, accounting for 2/3 of the total area; ② The terrain is low and flat, which is the lowest continent in the world (300m), and the terrain is high from north to south.

Low in the middle; ③ Glacier topography is widely distributed in North America: ① The terrain is high in the east and low in the west; (2) Glacial landforms are widely distributed in the northern half of the mainland. (3) There are three terrain areas, namely, mountains in the west and mountains and plateaus in the east.

In the middle is the plain; South America: ① the Andes running through the north and south in the west; ② The eastern part is an ocean continent with alternating plains and plateaus: ① The terrain is low and flat. The surface is gentle and undulating; ②

The terrain consists of three longitudinal zones, namely, the mountains in the east, the plains in the middle and the plateau Antarctic continent in the west: ① the continent with the highest average altitude in the world (2350 m); (2) Continental glaciers are widely distributed, and the average ice thickness can reach.

2000 meters, the terrain below the ice is diverse. The causes of serious geological disasters in southwest China are: natural causes: ① vast mountains, broken rocks and serious weathering; ② The dry and wet seasons are distinct, and the rainstorm is concentrated; ③

Crustal movement is strong and faults are developed in the mountain. Man-made reasons: ④ Destruction of vegetation. Climate and Nature Belt Topic: (1) The reason why the climate in Latin America is humid is that it is located on both sides of the equator and surrounded by vast oceans. (2)

The reason for the landscape difference between the east and west sides of the southern section of the Andes: Due to the influence of the Andes, the precipitation on the east and west sides of the mountain is quite different. ⑶ Reasons for the lack of temperate maritime climate in Africa: Africa is an ocean with the same latitude.

The reason why there is no tundra zone in the southern hemisphere: The southern hemisphere is an ocean at the same latitude. (5) Near the Tropic of Cancer, Africa has a tropical desert climate and South Asia has a tropical monsoon climate.

The subtropical monsoon climate in southeastern China and other climatic reasons are: North Africa is affected by subtropical high and continental trade winds, and it is hot and dry all year round. South Asia is affected by tropical monsoon, while southeast China is affected by subtropical monsoon. Induction:

The climate difference between the east and west coasts of the mainland near the Tropic of Cancer and its reasons:-The position of land and sea is different from that of atmospheric circulation. [6] Drought and flood disasters in China are mainly distributed in the eastern monsoon region. Cause: the subtropical high is unstable,

Summer winds vary greatly in season and year. The main reasons for less precipitation in southern China are: the rainy season in southern China comes early and goes late, and the rainy season lasts for a long time; The rainy season in the north is shorter. ⑻

Generally, the annual weather in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is: summer drought (the best answer) (plum rain is not the best answer, because there are "empty plums" in some years).

Why does the tropical mountain environment of the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon advance northward by 5-6 latitudes compared with other parts of the northern hemisphere? ① The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is basically north-south, with mountains in the north and Taniguchi in the south.

Forming a huge warm and humid airflow channel; (2) In the summer half year, the strong southwest monsoon brought a lot of warm and humid air from the Indian Ocean and penetrated into the Grand Canyon, which made the isotherm at the bottom of the canyon move northward obviously compared with the same latitude. ⑽

The reasons for the large temperature difference between north and south in winter in China are: the latitude span in China is large, and the direct sunlight point in winter is in the southern hemisphere. The farther south of China, the higher the sun and the longer the days, so the more solar radiation.

In addition, frequent southerly winds in winter have a great influence on northern China. ⑾ The reasons for the high temperature in summer in China are as follows: The direct point of the sun is in the northern hemisphere. Although the height of the sun in the north is smaller than that in the south at noon, the daytime is longer than that in the south.

The heat of the sun is not much less than that of the south. ⑿ The reason why the winter temperature in China is lower than that in other parts of the same latitude is influenced by the strong Mongolian-Siberian cold high (or winter wind). ⒀

The reason why the temperature in India is higher than that in China at the same latitude is: the mountain barrier (the tall Himalayas block the cold air from the south). 14. The reason why the maritime climate in Europe is bigger than that in North America is that Europe lacks a tall mountain system extending from north to south.

The west wind from the ocean can go deep into the mainland. Affected by topography and ocean currents, the west coast of Europe is greatly affected by warm currents. ⒂ Reasons for the formation of tropical rain forest climate in the southeast coast of Brazil, northeast Australia and east Madagascar:

Mainly influenced by topography (mountains), there is a warm current along the windward slope of the southeast trade wind. The higher the annual range latitude of the temperature, because the higher the latitude, the greater the annual variation of the noon sun height.

The greater the annual variation of the length of day and night, the greater the annual variation of temperature; The opposite is true at low latitudes. The farther away from the sea, the greater the annual temperature difference. The reason is that the heat capacity of the land is smaller than that of the ocean, the temperature rises rapidly in summer, and the temperature is higher than that of the ocean.

In winter, the temperature drops rapidly, and the temperature is lower than that of the ocean, so the temperature in annual range is higher than that of the ocean, and the coastal area is greatly influenced by the ocean, which is smaller than that of inland annual range. ⒄ Daily temperature difference: The higher the latitude, the smaller it is, because:

The main reason is that the diurnal variation of solar height is small. The relationship between the daily range and the weather is that the daily range on cloudy days is smaller than that on sunny days. The relationship between diurnal range and land and sea is as follows: the diurnal range in inland is greater than that in coastal area, and that in the mountain top is greater than that in the plain below the mountain:

Small, the annual scope is small. ⒅ Compared with the plains and basins of the same latitude in China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a lower temperature in the year, which is due to the high altitude at low latitude and is cooler in summer. Because of the low latitude in winter,

Moreover, due to the influence of high terrain, it is not affected by the cold air flow in the south, and the temperature will not be too low; The diurnal range is large, because the altitude is high, the atmospheric density is low, and the heat preservation and weakening effect of the atmosphere is low, so the temperature rises rapidly during the day and cools rapidly at night. ⒆

There is no forest belt on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain, the reason is: leeward slope, less precipitation. ⒇ The reason why the coniferous forest in the sub-frigid zone on the southern edge of the east coast of the mainland is southward is because the east coast is cold and the west coast is warm;

Secondly, the east coast is affected by the wind from the mainland, while the west coast is the opposite. Location analysis: natural factors: sufficient heat, rain and heat at the same time; Flat terrain and fertile soil; There is plenty of water. Socio-economic factors:

① Large market consumption; ② Convenient transportation; (3) Developing flowers, vegetables and other crops, with high unit area value, can obtain higher economic benefits; ④ Small land area is conducive to intensive production. Development direction:

Green agriculture; Sightseeing agriculture; Eco-tourism X. Eco-environmental problems (1) Environmental problems faced by Maldives (Nauru): global warming, sea level rise and the danger of being submerged (2).

Environmental problems faced by Tierra del Fuego (North and South Islands of New Zealand): the ozone layer is destroyed, the ozone hole is enlarged, and the solar ultraviolet radiation is increased. (3) Red tides: the causes of the Pearl River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay and Bohai Sea;

Natural reasons: warm spring and summer, sunny plum festival; Slow ocean current and high water temperature; Seal the bay. (This is the external cause of red tide) Human factors: the coastal areas are densely populated and economically developed, and industrial wastewater,

Agricultural production wastewater contains a lot of organic matter, heavy metals and inorganic salts. Domestic sewage and untreated water flow into rivers, lakes and seas, which makes the nitrogen and phosphorus content of offshore water exceed the standard and causes eutrophication of seawater.

(This is the root cause of red tide) Red tide prone areas: Pearl River Estuary, Bohai Sea, Hangzhou Bay, Yangtze River Estuary, Haikou Bay in the South China Sea, etc. Red tide prone period: the red tide prone period is 5- 10.

Month. Hazards: ① Eutrophication of seawater, abundant phytoplankton, suffocating and poisoning fish, ② endangering human health, and ③ affecting marine tourism. ⑷

The impact of global warming on the global ecological environment and social economy: ① sea level rise poses a direct threat to low-lying coastal countries and regions; (2) lead to changes in precipitation and dry and wet conditions in various regions of the world,

In turn, it leads to changes in the economic structure of countries around the world. 5. The influence of acid rain: ① Acid rain acidifies rivers and lakes, which affects the growth and reproduction of fish and even kills a lot; (2) Acidizing the soil and endangering the growth of forests and crops; ③

Corrosion of buildings and cultural relics; ④ Harm to human health. The fundamental way to reduce acid rain is to reduce the emissions of man-made sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. (7) Soil erosion: Loess Plateau and southern hilly areas.

Causes: natural causes: ① monsoon climate precipitation is concentrated in summer, with heavy rainfall; (2) The surface vegetation is scarce; ③ Loess soil is loose (Loess Plateau). Man-made reasons: the destruction of vegetation; Irrational farming system;

Mining. Governance measures: ① compress agricultural land and build stable and high-yield farmland; ② Expand the planting area of forest and grass; ③ Improve the natural grassland vegetation, appropriately reduce the number of livestock and improve the quality of livestock; ④

When mining, store topsoil in a planned way and vigorously carry out land reclamation; ⑤ Comprehensive management of small watersheds. (8) Desertification: the cause of northwest China (Xinjiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, etc.). ) is a natural cause:

① Global warming and violent evaporation; (two) located in the inland areas with less precipitation; ③ Rodents and locusts. Man-made reasons: ① Overexploitation; ② Overgrazing; ③ excessive reclamation; ④ Unreasonable utilization of water resources;

⑤ Improper protection of traffic lines and other projects. Measures taken: ① Farming-pastoral ecotone in semi-arid and arid agricultural areas: the combination of land use structure adjustment and sand control measures ② Oasis on the edge of desert in arid areas;

Establish shelter forest system centered on secondary salinization of oasis soil: Huanghuaihai Plain, Ningxia Plain, Hetao Plain, etc. Causes: natural causes: frequent drought and flood climate change (Huanghuaihai Plain); Low terrain;

Man-made reasons: unreasonable irrigation; Control measures: introducing light and spraying salt; Well drainage and well irrigation; Biological measures; Farmland cover; Reasonable irrigation, not just irrigation; Adopt sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation technology. ⑽ ground subsidence,

Salinization of coastal areas: reasons for vast areas in the north and cities in the south: excessive pumping of groundwater; Prevention measures: ① pumping groundwater; ② Implementation of XI reinjection in rainy season. Theme of Small Industry: (1)

Japanese industry is concentrated in the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea coast. The reasons are: (1) local resources are scarce, and industrial raw materials need to be imported in large quantities; ② The domestic market is small, and industrial products should be exported in large quantities; ③ Coastal areas are plains,

Conducive to the establishment of factories; There are many excellent harbors and winding coastlines, which are conducive to the import and export of raw materials and products. (2) Egyptian economic pillars: oil, canals, remittances and tourism. (3) Singapore's economic pillars: oil refining, shipbuilding,

Electronic equipment and offshore drilling platform manufacturing. (4) Industrial agglomeration: (1) Traditional industrial zone: Agglomeration reason: Due to the high specialization of modern industrial production, the cooperation and competition among enterprises are very strong.

Centralized industrial layout can produce agglomeration effect. The significance of agglomeration: make full use of infrastructure; Strengthen information exchange and cooperation between them; Reduce transportation costs and energy consumption; Expand the overall production capacity and reduce the production cost.

Gain economies of scale. Disadvantages: industrial agglomeration leads to competition among enterprises for land, water, electricity and public facilities; Aggravate the environmental pollution in this area. ② Emerging industrial zones:

High-tech industries often have obvious regional cluster characteristics in regional distribution. Advantages are: * * Use of infrastructure; Strengthen information contact and cooperation. 5. Location analysis of emerging industrial bases in Italy and Chinese township enterprises (Wenzhou, Zhejiang);

(1) a large number of cheap labor; ② In 1970s, the prices of raw materials and energy rose sharply; ③ Developed bank credit system; ④ Italy's economy is highly open; ⑤ Strong support from the government. Features:

① Mainly small and medium-sized enterprises; (2) light industry; (3) the production process is dispersed; ④ The degree of capital concentration is low; ⑤ Distributed in small towns or rural areas. Differences: ① Enterprises compete with each other; ② There is no perfect organization;

Measures to adjust the production and sales service information network with complete functions: ① pay attention to the professional division of labor and form a production and sales service information network with perfect institutions and complete functions; ② Increase investment in product research and development,

Implement industrial upgrading to improve the technical content of products; ③ Grasp the demand information of products in the international market in time and actively explore the international market; (4) scale production; ⑤ Establish brand awareness; ⑥ Intensify training,

Improve the technical quality of employees; ⑦ Cooperate with large foreign enterprises to improve product quality and management level. [6] "Silicon Valley": Silicon Valley in the United States, Munich in Germany, Kyushu Island in Japan, Central Scotland in Britain,

Bangalore, India Location analysis: natural factors: superior geographical location; The climate is pleasant. Socioeconomic factors: ①

Developed science and technology (with institutions of higher learning); ② Convenient transportation (expressway, airport); ③ Military orders (Silicon Valley, USA). Features: high proportion of scientific and technological talents; The growth rate is fast; The product update cycle is short;

R&D expenses account for a high proportion; Products are oriented to the world market. Reasons for development and change: take advantage of the cheap labor, land and housing in these areas. (7) The regional disadvantages of the four industrial bases in China:

Heavy industry base in central and southern Liaoning: insufficient energy and water resources. Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan industrial base: insufficient water resources; Serious pollution. Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou industrial base: lack of energy resources; Land shortage; Serious pollution.

Pearl River Delta Light Industry Base: Lack of energy and resources.