Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Travel guide - What poems did Du Fu write during his three wanderings?

What poems did Du Fu write during his three wanderings?

A Journey to wuyue: The main representative works are Journey to Zhuang, Fengxian Temple in Youlong, and Eight Pieces to Xu. Du Fu's real exile began at the age of twenty, which was the nineteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. It was in this year that Du Fu began a four-year trip to wuyue. Du Fu chose wuyue for real roaming for two main reasons. On the one hand, due to personnel reasons, Du Fu's uncle Du Deng worked as a county magistrate in Wu Kang, Zhejiang (now Deqing West, Zhejiang). His uncle worked as a master book in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, and his aunt stayed there until after the Anshi Rebellion. It is not difficult to see from here that Du Fu's relatives have certain relations in Jiangnan. With the care of your relatives, you will save a lot of trouble and get some help on your journey. On the other hand, Jiangnan is the hometown of the Six Dynasties. During the Six Dynasties, many famous writers and poets lived here, and their main works were also created here. In his childhood, Du Fu was familiar with the poems of poets such as Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Bao Zhao, Xie Mao, Yinkeng, He Xun and Yu Xin, and he was full of infinite yearning for this land that gave birth to poets such as Xie Mao and Yinkeng. How exciting it would be to be in Jiangnan, where poets Schell, Yin He and Yu Bao sang. In their works, they mentioned the beautiful landscapes in the south of the Yangtze River and all kinds of touching stories calling him. Du Fu set out from Luoyang, took the waterway, followed the Grand Canal, crossed Huaiyin and Yangzhou, crossed the Yangtze River and reached Jiangnan. In Jiangnan, Du Fu paid tribute to Gusutai. According to legend, it took He Lv, the king of Wu, five years to build Gusutai. Gusutai was mainly built for entertainment. Fu Cha, the later prince of Wu, was decadent and dissolute. In order to love the stone, he built spring night Palace in Gusutai, and later dug Tianchi here, played with him every day and rowed in Tianchi. Hailing Pavilion and Guanwa Palace were also built, and the palaces were decorated with pearls and jade, which was extremely luxurious. Later, when the King of Yue attacked the State of Wu, the splendid Gusutai was burned down by a fire. When Du Fu boarded Gusutai, the grand Gusutai had long since disappeared, leaving only a cold wall. From a distance, the poet stood on the high platform of this coastal city and saw only the vast sea. At this moment, the poet actually had the impulse to float on the sea and overlook, crossing the east to help mulberry. Later, the poet described this roaming experience in a poem called Journey of the Strong: he traveled to wuyue. When he came to Suzhou Gusutai, he was ready to sail eastward and visit Fusang (Japan), but he didn't do it in the end and later regretted it. After paying a visit to Gusutai, Du Fu went to the Tiger Hill where He Lv, the king of Wu, and the legendary Excalibur were buried. Tiger Hill is the place where Fu Cha, the king of Wu, buried his father He Lv in the Spring and Autumn Period. There is another story about the name of Tiger Hill. It is said that Fu Cha, the king of Wu, is a dutiful son. When his father He Lu died, he specially found his father's favorite swords, such as "Zhu Bian" and "Fish Intestine", and buried them by a pool. The filial piety of Fucha touched the sky. Three days after the mausoleum was repaired, a white tiger appeared in front of He Lu's grave. This white tiger turned to stone after death, which is the origin of the name "Tiger Hill". Du Fu saw the sword pool where the famous sword was buried, and also saw the stone lying on its back. It is like a loyal guard guarding the treasure buried here. There is also a temple in Wu Taibo. Wu Taibo's modesty has always been admired by people. Wu Taibo was the founding monarch of Wu. He was the eldest son of Gu, the ancestor of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the ancient times of the eldest son inheritance system, he should be the future monarch of Zhou State. But his father thought his younger brother's calendar was wise, so he wanted to break the system that the throne must be passed on to his eldest son and pass the throne on to the calendar. When Taber knew what his father thought, he and his second brother Zhong Yong came to the south, and he later became the ancestor of Wu. Zhou's throne finally passed to Ji Li, and later to Zhou Wenwang. When he arrived in Zhou Wuwang, Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty and unified the world. Wu Taibo's abdication had a great influence on the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, and his self-effacing past made Du Fu burst into tears. At the moment, the Wu Taibo Temple is quietly reflected in the pond, quiet and solemn. Worship the tomb of Prince He Lv; I went to Tiger Hill, which has Suzhou characteristics, and was buried with He Lv, the king of Wu, the legendary Excalibur. Visiting temples, looking at deserted historical sites, looking at this land with too many romantic legends, stories and history, looking at this land run by He Lv and Fu Cha, and looking at this land trampled by stone clogs, Du Fu's thoughts and thoughts are full of infinite regrets. In addition to visiting the above-mentioned historical sites, Du Fu also went to the ancient Changzhou Garden with charming scenery. When he went, he just caught up with the lotus in full bloom, watching the graceful lotus in full bloom, standing on the clear water, the breeze blowing, fragrant lotus, making people relaxed and happy, as if blowing away the melancholy in their hearts. Throughout the ages, who is right and wrong? How many things, or turned to dust, or turned to ashes. There are too many stories about wuyue. The story of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, hiding his dagger in the belly of a fish and assassinating the knight-errant of the King of Wu, deliberately dressed in rags and holding his official seal to humiliate his ex-wife in public can be found in this place. In the southeast corner of Shaoxing city, more than 30 miles away, Du Fu saw a clear stream, which is the world-famous Ruoye River. It is said that the beautiful girl Shi washed wool here. On both sides of the stream, a group of women wearing straw hats and white clothes squatted by the stream, holding sand as thin as cicada wings and as white as nothing in their hands, swinging up and down on the water. They are girls who wash wool. In the east of Xinchang County, Du Fu also saw Mount Tianmu, which Li Bai warmly praised in his poem "Climbing Mount Tianmu in Dreams". The mountainous, changeable and towering Tianmu Mountain made Du Fu deeply intoxicated and lingering. Along the way, Du Fu was too busy to enjoy the tour. In his later years, the poet still has a special liking for the landscape of wuyue. It is worth mentioning that Du Fu also visited Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) during this roaming. He visited the crock temple north of Qinhuai River, where he saw the murals painted by Gu Kaizhi, a great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Legend has it that Gu Kaizhi painted a rubbings on the wall, which lit up the whole temple and attracted people from all over the city to see the painting. Hundreds of years have passed, and all the gentry who were once prominent have vanished, but this mural of Gu Kaizhi has not lost its luster, and it still attracts tourists from all over the world. Du Fu enjoyed the painting hungrily. Perhaps this is the most impressive one among the famous ancient paintings that Du Fu has seen. In the poem "Send Xu VIII to Jiangning Province", he wrote down the deep impression he left on this painting that year. The poem is written like this: Tiger Head (Gu Kaizhi) golden millet shadow, unforgettable in the temple! Zhao Qi's Journey: His representative works include Wang Yue, Deng Yanzhou Tower, Fang Bing Cao Huma, Painting Eagle, etc. Qi and Zhao are equivalent to the present northeastern Shandong and southern Hebei. In the beautiful spring, he came to Handan and sang loudly on the platform built by Wang Zhao during the Warring States Period. In the cold winter, he came to Qingzhou (now Yidu, Shandong Province). Here, he met Su Yu (Su Yuanming), who later became imperial academy. Su Yu's parents died when she was a child, and her life was very hard. He is studying in Mount Tai, and he is very attentive and diligent. At that time, Su Yu lived in Shandong. As soon as the two hard-working people met, they soon became good friends who talked about everything. They went sightseeing and hunting together. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi Jinggong hunted in the clear autumn. They rode horses and held bows and arrows, chasing wild animals on Yungang ... Du Fu came to Yanzhou to visit his father. At this time, his father Du Xian was a Sima in Yanzhou. Yanzhou Sima is a middle rank among local officials, and his father's salary is enough to meet daily expenses. During this time, Du Fu had no living burden. He is carefree and full of lofty sentiments. Yanzhou, located in Qilu, is the birthplace of Confucianism and has a long cultural tradition. Du Fu came to Zouxian, which is adjacent to Yanzhou, and climbed Yishan to witness the stone tablet left by Qin Shihuang in Yishan. It is said that the stone tablet on Yishan was collected from Confucian scholars during Qin Shihuang's eastward expedition. Qin Shihuang passed Zou County, which is adjacent to Yanzhou, and boarded Zou Yi. As soon as he climbed the mountain, he remembered his great achievements in dominating the world, so he called all the local Confucian scholars together and asked them to write hymns and carve them on stone tablets. Today, Qin Shihuang is long gone, leaving only the vague handwriting on the stone tablet. Du Fu also came to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius, and visited the Lingguang Hall built by Lu Gong and Wang Jian in the Han Dynasty. On the Yanzhou Tower, the vast Yuan Ye stretches as far as the eye can see. The stone tablets of Bohai, Daizong, Qingzhou, Xuzhou and Qin Shihuang connected with Yanzhou, as well as the remnants of the magnificent Luling Hall of Light in those days, are all displayed in front of the poet. Du Fu boarded Yanzhou Tower this time and wrote the earliest rhythmic poem in Du Fu's poetry collection: East County near the court, South Building beginning. The sea of clouds is connected, and Ye Ping enters Qingxu; There are Qin Gu Monument and Luhuang City Palace. It's never been so old. It looks awkward. Not far from the north of Yanzhou is the famous Mount Tai. Mount Tai is one of the five mountains. Although it is not as high as Mount Hengshan, it is not as beautiful as Mount Hengshan, as majestic as Mount Songshan and as steep as Huashan. But Mount Tai is the earliest and most famous mountain in history, and it is called the head of the five mountains. Respect for Daizong. As early as the Warring States period, Confucian scholars in Qilu began to climb this mountain. They climbed to the top of the mountain with clouds under their feet; Standing in the clouds is like being in heaven and earth. Since then, in their minds, Mount Tai is the highest mountain among the five mountains. Mount Tai has lush forests and high altitude, and it is close at hand, comparable to the sky. In ancient times, many sacrificial activities were held on Mount Tai. Historically, Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty erected monuments in this temple. When Du Fu arrived in Yanzhou, he also climbed Mount Tai. Standing on the top of Mount Tai, he is feeling the magnificent state of mind of Confucius, who "climbs the East Mountain but is small, and treats Mount Tai but is smaller than the world". After several years of travel, Du Fu's poems have made progress. The landscape in the south improved his aesthetics, and the hunting in Shan Ye in the north broadened Du Fu's mind. His talent is like a volcano that may erupt at any time, and it is out of control. When he visited Mount Tai, his talent turned into words, and he wrote the famous sentence "Looking at Yue" which embodies the majestic trend of Mount Tai: what a majestic Mount Tai! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet. At the peak of Mount Tai, Du Fu experienced the magnificence of Mount Tai. At the same time, the careful Du Fu has vaguely noticed the hidden crisis of the Tang Dynasty in the prosperous era of Kaiyuan. He noticed that the fields around Mount Tai were deserted. In recent years, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was keen on fighting, and the imperial court kept waging wars in the border areas. Many male laborers have been recruited to the border areas, and the rural areas are short of male laborers, and the farmland is barren and desolate. The impression remained in his mind. Young and vigorous, I didn't think deeply about the whole society at that time. During the Qi and Zhao Dynasties, apart from Su Yuanming, who impressed Du Fu deeply, he also made friends with Gao Shi, a famous frontier poet in the history of the Tang Dynasty. Gao Shi is an accomplished poet. When I was a child, I lived a wandering life with my father in Lingnan, and I had no fixed place. After his father died, he moved between Liang and Song Dynasties. His family is in decline, so he has to farm to make a living. Sometimes, in the face of disasters, the harvest is not good, so we have to beg for a living. Although life is hard, Gao Shi has his own ideals. He studies and practices martial arts very hard, hoping to make a difference one day. In the days to come, normal universities have been struggling for their own ideals. He traveled all over the world, went to the frontier, went to Beijing to take exams and made friends. Du Fu's life is extremely difficult because he is not a scholar. He often needs firewood and fishing to make a living. However, Gao Shi was not depressed because of the disappointment of his official career. On the contrary, he showed the poet's innate heroism and freedom. When they met, Du Fu was still a teenager who didn't have to worry about his livelihood, while Gao Shi was penniless. They have too little psychological experience of empathy, which does not prevent them from traveling together. They traveled in Wenshui together and recited poems together. What Du Fu didn't expect was that Gao Shi became an unexpected monk. Du Fu drifted southwest and had to be taken care of by his old friends. In Du Fu's poem "In memory of Gao Chang" written in Chengdu Caotang in his later years, he realized the experience of their meeting that year. During this period, Du Fu also had contacts with some hermits and monks. Their philosophy of life, that is, not competing with the world and wanting nothing, has restrained his impulsive, arrogant and aloof mind, and his education and knowledge formed by hard study in his early years have also enabled him to quickly integrate into the world of these hermits and monks and become good friends with each other. In the twenty-eighth year of Kaiyuan, I met Xu Zhuben in my father's small county. After some exchanges, they later made friends to play in Jining. During this period, Du Fu also left two poems full of heroism and masculinity: Fang Bing Cao Xu Ma and Painting Eagle. Du Fu especially liked horses and eagles all his life. He compared them to fighting life and lofty quality. These two poems fully embody Du Fu's lofty spirit of revenge and heroism in that period. Journey of Liang and Song Dynasties: His representative works include Seeking Fan and Li Shi Jue. Li Bai and Du Fu traveled to Liang and Song Dynasties, and another famous poet Gao Shi joined them. Du Fu once met Gao Shi in Wenshui, and now he is very happy to meet again after such a long separation. At this time, Gao Shi has long been famous for his frontier poem Ge Yanxing. Li Bai has long been famous. Of the three, only Du Fu is the youngest. Although Li Bai and Gao Shi are brilliant, they are still very happy to associate with Du Fu, who is much younger than them. The three people who walked together were also talented, but their talents were not met and their fame was not obvious. Along the way, they had too many topics, telling each other what they wanted, drinking and singing. They went to the famous Liangyuan and climbed Mangshan Mountain and Dangshan Mountain, where Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang was hiding. In the cold wind in the evening, they also boarded the single father station north of Songzhou. At that time, Songzhou was a prosperous city, full of chivalrous atmosphere. Songzhou is densely populated, with wide streets, high-rise buildings and tourists from all directions. The local people are hospitable and upright, and they hate evil. When they saw the rough road, they drew their swords to help each other. They have obvious resentment. In order to get revenge, they can kill people in downtown areas, and in order to repay them, they can go through fire and water and give everything they have. This chivalrous atmosphere made the three poets passionate and excited. In the fourth year of Tianbao (AD 745), three poets left here. Gao Shi traveled south, while Li Bai and Du Fu traveled north to qi zhou (in Jinan, Shandong). Li Bai went to Zizhou Amethyst Palace. Du Fu visited Li Yong, the magistrate of Beihai, whom Li Yong always wanted to know. Li Yong was born into a family of literati, and his father was Shan Li, an annotator of Selected Works. Due to family education and edification, he enjoys a high reputation in writing and calligraphy, especially in writing epitaphs and inscriptions. Li Yong is thirty-four years older than Du Fu, but he is bold and unconstrained, and likes to make friends with scribes and poets. Li Yong had heard of Du Fu in Luoyang in his early years. At that time, he was interested in making friends with Du Fu and was willing to talk about poetry with him. Now, Li Yong is in qi zhou, and these two people who were famous for each other in their early years finally met.