English article about Kangaroo Island!

kangaroo island

Kangaroo Island is the third largest island in Australia, second only to Tasmania and Melville Island. It is located at the southwest of Adelaide112km, at the entrance of Saint Vincent Bay. Its closest point to the mainland is 13 km (8 miles) offshore from Cape jervis at the top of Fleuriu Peninsula in South Australia. The island is 150 km (93 miles) long, 900 m (1. 000 yards) wide and 57 km (35 miles) with an area of 4,405 square kilometers (1. 70 1 square mile). Its coastline is 540 kilometers long and the highest elevation is 307 meters (1, 0 10 feet). The northwest is separated from York Peninsula by Investigator Strait, and the northeast is separated from Cape jervis by Backstairs Channel.

history

About 9,000 years ago, Kangaroo Island was separated from the Australian mainland due to rising sea level. The stone tools found show that the indigenous people occupied this land at least 1 1 000 years ago; Presumably, they disappeared in 200 BC. Theories about the causes include disease and inbreeding, war, climate change or great migration. [ 1]

1802, after the British explorer matthew flinders landed near kangaroo point on the northern coast of Dudley Peninsula, he named this land "Kanguro (sic) Island". Followed by the French explorer Nicholas Balding, he drew most maps of the island (which is why many areas have French names). Although the French and the British were at war at that time, they met peacefully. They all used fresh water near the French rock, which is now called the bay of pigs; This community is now called Penneshaw.

From 1802 to 38+0836 in 654, when South Australia officially settled, an unofficial community of seal people and others was established on Kangaroo Island. Navy SEALs are rude men and several indigenous women kidnapped from Tasmania and South Australia. Among other activities, women are forced to work as sealers. Three indigenous women tried to escape and swim back to the mainland; Records show that one of them survived the journey. [3]

The biggest town on Kangaroo Island is Kingscott. Originally established in Reeves Point on July 27th 1836, it is the first official European settlement in South Australia. Later, it was suggested that Kingscott could be the capital of South Australia, but the resources on the island were not enough to support such a large community, so Adelaide was chosen as the settlement.

Penneshaw is the second largest town on Kangaroo Island, with a population of about 300, located at the northeast end of Dudley Peninsula at the eastern end of the island. It is the location of the ferry terminal, which takes most tourists to the island and is also the source of all necessary goods to maintain the life of the local population. Parndana is the third largest town on Kangaroo Island, with a population of about 150, but most of these people do not live in this town, and they are scattered within a few kilometers. The historical area in the southeast of the town is called the research center by the locals, and it is the location of the research station established in the1940s and1950s, which was used to study the feasibility of agriculture in this area, and it is still the location of a small settlement with about 20 people. American River is the fourth largest town on the island, with about 120 residents. Penneshaw, Parndana and American River have basic facilities, including a general store and fuel, and they all have hotels. Although all towns have some form of EFTPOS facilities, only Kingscote has facilities such as banks and large supermarkets.

Population and economy

According to the 2006 census, the population of the island was 4,259. [4] In the past few years, the population growth has slowed down, and the attraction of the Australian mainland to young people is a key factor. Census information shows that the number of residents over 55 years old increased from 24.65438% in 2006 to 29.8% in 2006.

The economy is dominated by agriculture (wine, honey, wool, meat and grain). Traditionally, sheep grazing has always been a key element of agriculture on the island, but recently, more different crops, such as potatoes and rape, have been introduced. Cattle industry has also developed, and high-quality beef cattle grow in areas with high rainfall. Tourism and fishing also play an important role. The island receives more than140,000 tourists every year, and some of the best southern rock lobsters come from the rugged south coast of the island. Kangaroo Island has the only eucalyptus oil distillation plant in South Australia, and the oil is distilled from the unique kangaroo island narrow-leaf Marley.

There are also 28 wine growers on the island. [5] The first vineyard was planted in Dongwan in 1976, and the first batch of wine was brewed in 1982. This is a KI- Barossa mixed wine mixed with Torre Barossa wine and East Bay wine cellar. Florance Vineyard was established under the supervision of B. Hayes of Dongwan, who produced the first wine-Dongwan Little Swan-and introduced it to the University of South Australia. 1990. This wine bears the grade label of Kangaroo Island and is the first wine in this area.

Kangaroo Island is famous for its honey and the oldest bee sanctuary in the world. Ligurian bees were introduced from Ligurian province in Italy in 188 1 year, and Kangaroo Island now has the only purebred in the world. Therefore, it is forbidden to import bees or any honey products into Kangaroo Island.

local government

Kangaroo Island Council is the local government of the whole island. It was established in 1996, and the former Kingscott and Dudley District Council were merged. Kangaroo Island is located in the federal partition of Mayo and was represented by Alexander Downer before his resignation. The state constituency in finnis is represented by Michael Pengjili, former mayor of Kangaroo Island Council.

Kangaroo Island Council has issued a draft amendment to the overall development plan, which is the first major review of planning issues since 1996. [6] In addition, the draft amendment to the heritage development plan was also published for public comments. More than 100 places have been suggested to be included in the local heritage list. The inclusion of a place in the register requires the Council's approval of various suggestions for improvement that may be considered. [7]

sea transport

Sea lion arrived in Penniseau in 2000. From 1907 to 196 1, Karatta is the main cargo and passenger vessel between the port of Adelaide and Kingscott.

Carata, RW after retiring from service. Miller operated the M.V. Troubridge, which was later a joint venture with the South Australian government. Troubridge is a 1996-ton ro-ro ship. It has used specially designed loading gantries in the ports of Adelaide, Lincoln and Kingscott.

1 June, 19871day, the merchant ship Troubridge was replaced by a government-run island waterway worth 23 million Australian dollars. [8][9][ 10]Island Seaway was built by Eglo Engineering in Adelaide Port, using the same loading platform as Troubridge. The island channel was severely criticized as unsuitable for crossing the Backstairs channel. Seventy-five sheep and cattle died of carbon monoxide poisoning on the maiden voyage. The ship was once described as "turning like a shopping cart". [1 1] The ship subsequently modified its propulsion system in September of 1989, thus improving its reliability.

The island waterway began to experience competition from Kangaroo Island Shipping Company, which began to provide services from Cape jervis to Penniseau in the1980s. SeaLink acquired the ferry service originally launched by Peter March. His "Philander Le Ferry" pioneered the crossing from Cape jervis to Pennsylvania, and Philander Le No.3 was a catamaran for both passenger and cargo. In the1980s, two passenger services, Hydroflite H33 and Islander, operated between Glenelg and Kingscote for a short time.

Since SeaLink began to operate, it has outlived several rival companies. Boat Torque, a company in Western Australia, operated Superflyte from 1994 to 1997 and sailed from Glenelg to Kingscote. Kangaroo Island Ferries had a brief cooperation with SeaWay, from September 2004 to February 2005, from Wirrina Cove to Kingscote. SeaWay can't cope with bad weather like SeaLink ships, which affects the reliability of service. Under different ownership, SeaWay resumed its service in August 2007. [13] However, in May 2008, the sea channel operators announced that they would suspend their services until 10, 2008, citing the increase in fuel prices. [14] In June 2008, the operating company of SeaWay was placed under administrative management, and the ship was advertised for sale. [ 15]

With the launch of the island navigator by SeaLink, the fate of the island navigation channel was doomed, and the service was subsequently revoked. SeaLink relied on government subsidies to operate all cargo services in and out of the island. SeaLink no w actually monopolized the shipping to Kangaroo Island, mainly because it rented the berth at Cape jervis for a long time. Sealink's agreement with the South African government will expire in 2024, which prohibits other operators from using the jervis Point facility one hour before the start and one hour after the end of any regular SeaLink service. Kangaroo Island residents are dissatisfied with the exclusive franchise granted to SeaLink. [ 16]

air transport

Guinea Airlines operated the first commercial service to Kangaroo Island in 1930. 1959, which was acquired by South Australian Airlines (ASA), a subsidiary of Anjie Airlines. The last service of this airline was on April 4th 1986. ASA mainly deals in Conville, Douglas DC-3 and Fokker F-27 aircraft. Piaggio P 166 is rarely used in 1970, while Rossair uses Cessna 402 to replace F27 in off-peak hours under the arrangement with ASA.

After the withdrawal of ASA, Kendell Airlines (another subsidiary of Anjie) operated 19 Fairchild Metroliners and 34 SAAB aircraft to the island. After the final collapse of Anjie Airlines in 2002, Regional Express Company (Rex) acquired Kendall aircraft, and it continues to operate today.

In the competition with large aircraft, and usually with more flexible schedules, a series of small airlines from 1970 tried to maintain the existence of "second line" and achieved varying degrees of success. Island Air and Pagas operated briefly in1970s, while the most successful Emu Airways started operation in 1980 and made its last flight in1month of 2005. Before the aviation regulations stipulated to abandon all airstrips except Kinscott, Emu flew to Kinscott, American River, Penneshaw and Parndana by Piper Chieftain. Kangaroo Island Airlines (formerly an air transport company) flew Cessna 402 to the island in11990s. Keith Stevens operated Albatross Airlines during most of the1980s and in the early1990s.

From 1986 to 1990, Lloyd's Airlines operated Embraer EMB1kloc-0/0 Bandeirante aircraft, and then operated Irish-made Short 330. In the years of1980s, Commodore Airlines (which eventually became the national airline) provided another alternative service. After the dissolution of Emu Airways, QantasLink started to operate a service on February 8, 2005, but quit less than six months later. Qantas also operates a direct flight from Kangaroo Island to Melbourne, which is the first time this route has been operated.

In 2007 1 month, China Southern Airlines [17] began to use Titan nine-seat aircraft to provide service four times a day.

Wild animals and their protection

More than half of the vegetation on Australian Sea Lion Island in Seal Bay has never been cleared [need to be cited], and a quarter of it has been protected in national parks, protected parks and five wilderness reserves [18]. The main protected areas are:

Chase National Park in flinders

Seal Bay Protection Park

Ganseum Cape Protection Park

Bug Point Wilderness Reserve

Canyon des cas rows wilderness reserve

Because of the isolation from the Australian mainland, foxes and rabbits are not on the island and are not allowed to enter. Cat registration and chip implantation are mandatory. [19] Kangaroo Island Kangaroo, Rosemburg wallaby, southern brown striped rat, Tammar Wallaby, common brush-tailed opossum, short-billed mole and New Zealand fur seal, as well as six species of bats and frogs are all native to the island. The only unique vertebrate species (not found anywhere else) is a small carnivore called Kangaroo Island. Koalas, common ring-tailed opossums and platypus have been introduced and still live there. There is a local emu on Kangaroo Island, Kangaroo Island Emu; However, it became extinct between 1802 and 1836, probably due to the jungle fire or hunting by seals or whalers.

The imported koalas thrive on the island, so that their favorite food source-mannan gum-is currently in danger of extinction. Koalas have recently been forced to switch to other less palatable species. The management methods used include surgical sterilization and transfer to suitable open mainland locations. However, it doesn't seem to keep up with the reproduction rate, so the only feasible solution may be elimination. However, the government opposes this practice, fearing that the tourism boycott will trigger an economic rebound.

Kangaroo Island is the last refuge of the endangered glossy black cockatoo in South Australia. See: List of Birds in Kangaroo Island, South Australia.

fire

In this false color satellite image, the burn scar is shown in red. The lightning on Thursday, February 6th, 20071caused several fires on the island. Before it was controlled on February 6th, 2007/KLOC-0, more than 900 square kilometers (or 20% of the islands) were burned, mainly in national parks and protected areas. The worst epidemic occurred in Datong, flinders, where 630 square kilometers (or 85% of the total area of the park) were burned. [20]

tourism

Extraordinary rocks

Admiral Kangaroo Island is one of the most popular tourist attractions in South Australia, attracting more than140,000 tourists every year, among which international tourists account for more than 25% of these tourists. [2 1] The most popular tourist attractions are:

In Seal Bay, rangers guide a walk among the sunbathing Australian sea lions.

Flinders Datong National Park includes striking rocks, Admiral's Arch, lighthouses at Cape Bolda and Cape Kudic, as well as many walking paths and camping areas.

Willoughby pt

Kailishan cave

Little Sahara, a huge sand dune on the south coast.

The lookout mountain (officially named Prospect Mountain in 2002 to commemorate the original name of matthew flinders) can overlook the whole island in 360 degrees.

Murray lagoon with rich waterfowl life.

Paindana Wildlife Park

Shipwrecks and lighthouses

Cape Bolda Lighthouse

Many ships at Cape Willoughby Lighthouse were wrecked on the coastline of Kangaroo Island, the largest of which was the 5865-ton Portland Maru, which sank at Cape Torun on March 20th 1935. The biggest loss of life occurred on April 24 1899 in the sinking of Loch Sloy in Maurpe tius Bay. At that time, 3 1 person was drowned, and an original survivor died later. 28 people drowned in Xiwan in September 1905, when Vennachar was killed in the lake. [22]

The first lighthouse built in South Australia was erected at Cape Willoughby on 1852. Cape Bolda Lighthouse was built in 1858, while Cape Kudic Lighthouse was built in 1906. All lighthouses continue to operate. [23]

way of life

Murray LagoonSafe can swim in northern beaches, such as Emu Bay, Stokes Bay or Snelling Beach, and Island Beach in Dudley Peninsula. There is a dangerous undercurrent on the south coast, which is only suitable for strong and experienced swimmers.

There are several organized sports competitions in Kangaroo Island, including Australian regular football (see Kangaroo Island Football League), cricket, darts, karting, lawn bowling, netball, sailing, softball, squash and tennis. [need to quote]

climate

Winter from June to September is mild and humid, and summer is usually warm and dry. Affected by the ocean, especially on the coastline, the highest temperature in summer rarely exceeds 35 degrees Celsius. The average temperature in August is between 13 and 16, and the hottest February is between 20 and 25 degrees. From May to September, the island received 2/3 of its annual rainfall, ranging from 450 mm in Kinscott to 900 mm near the Roo lagoon at the top of the central plateau. The wettest month is July. [24]

Annual average temperature:11.6-19.1℃

Average temperature in January: 14.9-23.6 degrees Celsius.

Average temperature in July: 8.4-14.6 degrees Celsius.

Days exceeding 30 degrees Celsius: 10.3

Days exceeding 35 degrees Celsius: 1.6

Days below 2℃: 0.3

Days below 0 degrees Celsius: 0.0

Annual rainfall: 485. 1 mm

Annual average wind speed:14.7-17.7km/h.

Chinese introduction:

kangaroo island

kangaroo island

kangaroo island

Also translated as Kangaru Island.

Australia's third largest island, with an area of 435 1 square kilometer (1.680 square mile). Located at the mouth of Saint Vincent Bay in South Australia, southwest of Adelaide 130 km (80 miles). The landform is a plateau with low cliffs (structurally a continuation of continental mountains). As long as the shrub areas in the west of the island are well managed, barley and oats can be planted and cattle and sheep can be grazed. Kingscote, the main residential area, is connected to the mainland by sea and air lines. Tourism based on marine fishing and flinders National Game Park is also a source of income. There is a lot of plaster. There are Australian seal reserves and breeding grounds on the south bank of Hill Bay. Population: 3923( 1986).

Kangaroo Island, an Australian island unfamiliar to Taiwan Province tourists, is located in the south of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. It is the third largest island in Australia, second only to Tasmania and Melville Island near Darwin in northern Australia, with an area of 4,500 square kilometers, which is about 1 of Taiwan Province Province. Because the wild Australian wild dogs, foxes, rabbits and other exotic animals have not been introduced to Kangaroo Island, and the population is very rare, about 4,400 people, less than 1 person per square kilometer (even more than 20,000 koalas), the island's ecology has been maintained, and Kangaroo Island has become an important ecological sightseeing spot in southern Australia. From every spring (about 65,438+)

Kangaroo Island is150km wide from east to west and 55km long from north to south. Kangaroo Island can be basically divided into two tourist routes: the south coast and the north coast. Colorful wild flowers, plump birds and lovely Australian marsupials, naughty seals and elf penguins who walk home for a long time every day can be seen everywhere, especially on Kangaroo Island.

The number has been impossible to count. Kangaroos can be seen at any time on the roads, grass slopes, farmland and sand in Kangaroo Island, making their spring legs running all the way. Chris Baxter, a local eco-guide, pointed out that kangaroo island kangaroo is a subspecies of western gray kangaroo. Compared with kangaroos in other places, kangaroos in Kangaroo Island are smaller, have longer hair and look furry. In addition, the kangaroo TammerWallaby is very cute, with light hair on both sides of her long cheeks.