Which cities in China have direct magnetic levitation?

China has only Dalian, and Shanghai has a maglev line.

China's first self-developed "Zhonghua 0 1" hidden track magnetic levitation technology verification vehicle traveled 56 meters on a track in the workshop of Dalian Burton Electric Company.

Xia Deren, Mayor of Dalian, said at the scene that when it is put into operation, the track of this car will be laid under the green lawn, which is called "hidden track". From the ground, it looks like a car speeding on the grass. If popularized, Dalian can take the lead in entering the era of green transportation.

Yesterday, the reporter was fortunate to be the first passenger of "China 0 1". When people sit in a car, there will be a "relaxed feeling" that the car is suspended in the air, with no friction with the ground and no noise. The driver's operating room is very simple, with only a chair and a computer. The driver's master said that maglev trains have very low technical requirements for drivers, as long as they can operate computers.

According to the introduction of Dalian permanent magnetic levitation research group, the "Zhonghua 0 1" maglev technology verifies that the length 10.3m, width 3. 12m and height 2.86m are designed to carry 32 passengers. Designed for urban public transport, the maximum speed is limited to 1 10km.

The energy consumption of "Zhonghua 0 1" maglev is almost zero, and its net levitation force can reach 4 tons/meter, and its transportation capacity is equivalent to that of current trains. Moreover, the vehicle-road integrated structure design is adopted, and the safety is greatly improved. The cost per kilometer of the maglev section of its underground track is only RMB 50 million, which is equivalent to 1/6 of foreign countries. The running cost of the train is lower than that of the existing train, and it is the lowest running cost maglev. "Zhonghua 0 1" was successfully developed in Dalian on September 29th.

Shen, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said that maglev train is the most advanced means of transportation in the world. At present, only Germany and Japan are developing it, but it has not been popularized so far because of its high cost and low levitation force. After 16 years' efforts, the research group of Dalian Maglev Project has developed the permanent magnet compensation levitation technology with independent intellectual property rights. The permanent magnetic materials used are synthesized from rare earth resources, and China has the largest reserves in the world, with 85% of the reserves. Compared with the normally conductive magnetic levitation technology represented by German and the superconducting magnetic levitation technology represented by Japanese, this technology has the advantages of low cost and large levitation force, and has high commercial value, which is more suitable for China's national conditions.

It is reported that Dalian will build a maglev test line with a length of 1.5km for sightseeing. According to Dalian Evening News.

China Electric Magnetic Levitation was completed in Dalian this year.

The 3 km maglev line has independent intellectual property rights. Morning Post visited Dalian Permanent Magnet Suspension Research Group.

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Unlike Shanghai, Dalian maglev "flies in the air"

Under the leadership of Su Xun, general manager and employee of Dalian Magnetic Valley Technology Co., Ltd., the author came to the experimental workshop of Dalian Magnetic Valley Technology Co., Ltd.

This is a relatively empty workshop, which contains several sets of equipment and two experimental lines of permanent magnet maglev train that have been successfully developed. The most striking thing in this workshop is the "Zhonghua 06" light suspended rail maglev technology verification train suspended on a track of about 40 meters.

Unlike the maglev train in Shanghai, the maglev test train in Dalian is completely suspended in mid-air. With the permission of the staff, the author boarded this "suspended" permanent maglev train and felt it.

In a short distance of 40 meters, the author has not realized the feeling of galloping like a Mercedes-Benz, and has just reached the finish line after accelerating, but the stability and quietness of the train during driving are impressive. This strange-looking maglev train has 10 passenger seats. Although it is only a technical verification train, the interior decoration and facilities are very modern.

Su Xun told the author that all the facilities and accessories of "Zhonghua 06" are made locally, and the use of rail hanging can also save land resources on the ground. "The train is suspended in midair, and the upper and lower parts of the track can be used as other traffic routes."

On a track next to "China 06", there is also a large sightseeing permanent magnet maglev train, which can save energy and accommodate 30 people. In a nearby hall, there are several pieces of magnetic valley technical equipment, including the recently announced "heart" of the permanent maglev train-magnetic motive. Su Xun explained the working principle of magnetic motive to the author in detail, and the staff also opened two magnetic motive 105 Newton and 1500 Newton on the spot. Under the action of magnetic energy, the spaced "magnetic wheels" begin to rotate at high speed, but the volume produced is very small.

The top speed is 536 kilometers per hour, which is stable in suspension and does not consume electricity.

On June 5438+1October, 2004, the "Zhonghua 0 1" hidden track maglev train began to run for the first time, marking the birth of China permanent maglev train in Dalian. After a lapse of two years, Dalian Magu Technology announced in mid-June this year that the magnetomotive technology with completely independent intellectual property rights has been successfully developed, and the maximum driving speed can reach 536 km/h. Dalian will also build a 3 km long permanent magnet suspension line during the year. ...

"One of the biggest characteristics of permanent magnet suspension is that it can achieve stable suspension with almost no power consumption." Su Xun explained to the author that both German constant magnetic levitation technology and Japanese superconducting magnetic levitation technology use coils to convert electric energy into magnetic energy to realize levitation. In contrast, permanent magnet suspension technology saves energy and cost. "Permanent magnet suspension technology has five advantages: energy saving, environmental protection, low cost, low operating cost and large carrying capacity."

Su Xun told the author that these seemingly simple technical features were realized after countless failures. "Our current technology, the net suspension force has reached 4 tons/meter, and the carrying capacity is equivalent to the current train; The permanent magnet maglev train costs 800-200 million yuan per kilometer, which is far lower than that of foreign countries. "

Su Xun also revealed that a 3-kilometer-long maglev line will be built in Dalian Cigu this year. "We originally envisaged building it in a place with many tourists, such as the seaside or parks, so that more people can feel it and let the market test it."

His first hobby took him 18 years.

Li Lingqun recalled the past development of permanent magnet suspension.

1988, Li Lingqun, chairman and chief scientist of Dalian Magnetic Valley Technology, began to study magnetic levitation in order not to have to travel back and forth between Xinjiang and Beijing for dozens of hours in the future.

"The project was established in 1988. At first, it was more of a hobby. I didn't expect it to develop to this day. " Li Lingqun was originally engaged in geological research. A beautiful dream and strong interest in magnetic energy made him lead the team on the road of permanent magnet suspension 18 years.

The research group of permanent magnet suspension has been engaged in R&D in Xinjiang since 15 years ago, but their research has been repeatedly blocked due to lack of funds and backward industrial technical means. Li Lingqun first saw the systematic information about German-Japanese magnetic levitation technology in 1997. "We don't know much about foreign technology and are studying a brand-new system. Many things have to be explored by themselves. "

"After the research group moved to Dalian in 2003, our technical research began to focus on transforming scientific and technological theoretical achievements into practical technologies in a short time." Li Lingqun said that with the support of Dalian municipal government and the technical support of Northeast industrial base, their research has made rapid progress.

There is still a long way to go to change people's lives.

"Now our permanent magnet suspension technology is mature, and Dalian has reached the step of making technology into products, but there is still a long way to go before the day when people's lives are changed on a large scale." Li Lingqun said.

After the announcement of Dalian Magnetic Valley's technological achievements, issues such as "whether to master the core technology" and "who is better than foreign technology" have become the focus of attention from all walks of life. "'core technology' is relative. Every different system has its own different' core technology', and you can't judge your own achievements by other people's standards. " Li Lingqun said that the core technologies of German-made maglev train running in Shanghai are mainly guidance, traction and control technologies, which are quite different from Dalian permanent magnet suspension with magnetic motive and permanent magnet compensation system as the core.

"A new thing is successful only if it finds a space suitable for its own survival and development. There is no need to compare others to be a good thing. " Li Lingqun said that the maglev train in Shanghai uses German constant conductor maglev technology. After a long period of commercial operation, its safety and stability are obvious to all, and he also agrees with the maturity of this technology.

At present, Southwest Jiaotong University and National University of Defense Technology are also engaged in the research of maglev trains in China, and some individuals or groups have also put forward some valuable schemes. Why can't we concentrate the research power of magnetic levitation around the country and establish a national research center? Li Lingqun said: "It is difficult to make technical achievements by screwing people with different research stages, research directions and even research foundations together, but it is feasible to strengthen exchanges through' forums'."

It is impossible to build a maglev traffic line only by domestic technology.

Professor Chang from the Research Center of Magnetic Levitation Technology of National University of Defense is a pioneer in the research of magnetic levitation trains in China. When talking about the current research status of maglev train in China, it is often said that we still have a long way to go.

"Magnetic levitation has a wide range of applications, but it needs to be cautious when applied to trains." I often tell the author that a mature maglev transportation line must take all problems such as system maintenance and equipment production into account to ensure foolproof before it can be really used in transportation. "In fact, we have a large number of independent intellectual property rights of magnetic levitation, but there is still a long way to go to systematically apply these technologies to urban transportation."

"A maglev line that can be used as urban traffic cannot be only a few kilometers long. The problems and technical difficulties that need to be considered when the line is long will increase accordingly. " I often tell the author that high-speed maglev will become the dominant mode of maglev construction in China in the future, while the market of low-speed maglev is relatively narrow. "Many of the equipment components of this maglev line currently operated in Shanghai are produced by ourselves, but it is impossible to build a high-speed and stable maglev traffic line by relying solely on our technology."

Chang, as a member of the magnetic levitation expert group of the Ministry of Science and Technology, participated in the appraisal of permanent magnet levitation technology in Dalian in 2004, and he agreed to build a 3-kilometer-long magnetic levitation line in Dalian. "If the 3 km line is used for tourism, its economic benefits and practical value will be reflected."

[Permanent Magnet Suspension Q&A]

Q: Will permanent magnets be demagnetized if they are used for a long time?

Li Lingqun: The magnets used in permanent magnets are processed, and degaussing can only happen under certain conditions, but the conditions required for degaussing in actual operation will not happen. The permanent magnets we use are all purchased from manufacturers and must meet the national standards before leaving the factory.

Q: Can't ferromagnetic tools be used for the installation and maintenance of permanent magnet maglev train tracks?

Li Lingqun: Yes. Because permanent magnets can attract iron-containing substances, we use non-ferromagnetic tools, such as copper wrenches, during installation and maintenance.

Q: Will permanent magnets absorb iron waste in the air or environment? Will this cause security risks?

Li Lingqun: Any vehicle damage is dangerous. We already have a mature obstacle removal system to remove garbage. In addition, due to the integrated mosaic structure of vehicle and rail, derailment will not occur even if an accident occurs, and the safety is greatly improved.

Q: Will the fares of permanent maglev trains be cheaper than those of existing maglev trains in the future?

Li Lingqun: The fare is determined according to the cost of construction, maintenance and operation, and the cost of permanent magnet suspension in these aspects is lower than that of normal guidance and superconducting magnetic levitation system, so the fare should be lower.

Q: Is it harmful to your health to work in a high-intensity magnetic field all the year round?

Li Lingqun: The surface magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is below 1.5T (Tesla). After magnetic closure, the magnetic leakage is very small, which is equivalent to the geomagnetic field intensity at a distance of 200mm from the magnet. Our staff have been dealing with permanent magnetic fields for almost 20 years, and no one has ever felt uncomfortable about it.

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