Berlin attractions

Brandenburg Gate

Brandenburg Gate is the only remaining gate in Berlin and a symbol of Berlin. In the past, because it was next to the Berlin Wall, it became a representative building of the split between East and West Berlin. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Brandenburg Gate reopened to the public on February 22nd, 1989, which became a symbol of unity.

This colonnade gate made of sand was designed by C.G. Langans from 1788 to 179 1 year, which imitated the architectural style of Athens, Arquero and Indianapolis. There are six Doric cylinders on both sides, which support five channels with a depth of 1 1 m. 1794, the Brandenburg gate was decorated with a four-horse chariot and a statue of victory shaped by sand, pointing to the eastern city center. During World War II, all the buildings around Brandenburg Gate were destroyed.

Pariser Platz

Paris Square connects the Brandenburg Gate and the magnificent Banyan Street. This used to be a training ground. William I built this square at the end of the main street under the bodhi tree. After that, the square was surrounded by various city villas, embassies and luxurious Ad Dragon Hotel.

The whole Paris Square and its surrounding buildings were severely damaged in the war. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, it was restored according to its original historical appearance. During the restoration process, world-famous architects gathered here. Lieberman and Sommer, two buildings on the left and right sides of Brandenburg Gate, are newly-built twin buildings. Its architectural style is modeled after Stuart, a famous architect in history. The building of Dresden Bank avoids the traditional architectural decoration and continues the traditional architectural style of Paris Square.

reichstag building

The Capitol (also known as the Empire State Building) is not only the seat of the Federal Parliament, but also the dome on its roof is the most popular tourist attraction. Its constantly updated history reflects all aspects of German history since19th century.

The Reichstag was built from 1884 to 1894. It is a landmark building built by Paul Vallot for the Reich. Due to the opposition of William II at that time, the inscription "For the German people" on the building was inserted only during World War I. ..

1918165438+1On October 9th, Congressman Philip Xie Deman announced the establishment of the Republic of China through the window of the Capitol. On February 27th 1933, the building caught fire, some buildings were destroyed, and the cause of the fire was unknown. "Congressional arson" became an excuse for Nazi rulers to persecute political opponents.

During the Second World War, the building was severely damaged. From 196 1 to 197 1, the building was rebuilt according to the design scheme of Paul Baumgarto. The rebuilt parliament building simplifies the building, omitting the dome part of the 1945 bombed building. In this building, which used to be on the edge of the Berlin Wall, there is an exhibition of "Questions and Answers on German History". At present, the exhibition has been moved to the German Cathedral. After the merger of East and West Germany, the German Federal Parliament decided to move to the Reichstag. From 1994 to 1999, Sir Norman Foest redesigned the parliament building on the basis of the original building scale, and built it into a modern parliament office building with a new dome for people to visit. Before the restoration project of 1994 began, the Parliament Building had become the most striking work of art in Europe: Crystal and Jenny Claude wrapped the Parliament Building. Now, this once controversial dome has become a new symbol of Berlin.

Federal Chancellery

The Federal Chancellery is one of the most striking buildings in the newly-built government area. This white building is part of the "federal bond". The "federal bond" connects the new buildings together, echoing the historic building, the Capitol.

1991On June 20th, the reunified Germany once again chose Berlin as its capital. Afterwards, a bidding activity for the architectural design of Wanhe Government Building was held in Spree. Berlin architects Axel Schultz and Charlotte Frank won the bid for their "Federal Bond" design. The "federal bond" spans spree river and connects East and West Berlin. As one of the components of "federal bonds", the Federal Chancellery consists of a nine-story main building in the middle and two wings extending lower to both sides. The semicircle with the height of18m on the upper part of the building is the symbol of the main building.

The glass exterior wall of the Federal Chancellery makes the building transparent and open, and the 12-meter-high stone column makes the glass exterior wall structure clear and has the perspective effect of echoing inside and outside.

The two wings of the Federal Chancellery are office areas, and the lobby of the main building is spacious and magnificent for receiving distinguished guests. Through the transparent glass of the Prime Minister's Conference Building or standing on the balcony, you can see the beautiful scenery of Tiergarten Park. The VIP reception hall used to receive state guests is decorated with the giant iron sculpture "Berlin" by Spanish artist Eduardo Chillida.

Gendarmerie market

Yulin Square (also known as "Gendarmerie Square") is one of the most beautiful squares in Europe and a must-see place for tourists. The square is surrounded by German Cathedral, French Cathedral and Concert Hall, which is beautiful and harmonious, making people linger.

This square was built by J. A Nering from 1688. It was originally called Bodhi Square, and later called Friedrich City Square or New Square. From 1736 to 1782, the square was used by soldiers, hence the name "Yulin Square". After 1777, the square was designed and expanded by Georg Christian unger. During World War II, the square was severely damaged. On the occasion of celebrating the 250th anniversary of China Academy of Sciences, the square was renamed as "College Square" on 199 1, and the original name of "Yulin Square" was restored.

French cathedral

The French Cathedral was designed by Cayart from 170 1 to 1705. It was built for Huguenots who fled France and moved to Berlin. The rectangular central building has two semicircular buildings on both sides of its long side. From 1780 to 1785, in the reconstruction and expansion project of Yulin Square, the church added a striking tower top according to the design of Gontard and unger. The church was severely damaged in World War II and rebuilt on 1977.

German cathedral

The famous German cathedral was designed by M. Grü nberg and built by Giovanni Simonetti, from 170 1 to 1708. It was originally called the new church. In the reconstruction and expansion project of Yulin Square 1780 to 1785, the dome was designed and added by Gontard. This church was also destroyed in World War II. 19961012 October, the renovated German cathedral was reopened to the public.

Concert Hall (Theatre)

The National Theatre built here by Karl Gothard Langans from 1800 to 1802 was destroyed by a fire in 18 17. Schenkel, a famous Prussian architect, built a new building on the ruins of the former theater site and incorporated the remnants of the original building into the new building. The middle part of the building is tall and wide, with a prominent facade and Ionian order. After it was destroyed during World War II, it was only initially protected, and it was not until 1979 that the system was repaired. 1984, the building was changed from a theater to a concert hall and reopened.

Berlin cathedral (Berlin cathedral)

Berlin Cathedral was originally Hornson's royal palace cathedral. As Protestantism, it corresponds to Peter's Cathedral of Roman Catholicism.

During the period of Emperor William II (1894 to 1905), it was designed and built by Julius Karl Rashidov. Berlin Cathedral is a palace and memorial church built for the royal family of Hornsoren after the old cathedral was demolished. Despite people's opposition at that time, Berlin Cathedral built a magnificent dome in Italian Renaissance style according to William II's wishes. During World War II, the church was severely damaged, and it was rebuilt from 1975 to 1993, but its original decoration was simplified.

The interior of the church is richly decorated and luxuriously designed by the same architect Rashidov in the same period. Among them, the most precious are the coffins of the Grand Elector and his wife dorothea, King Friedrich I and Queen Sophie Charlotten. The main altar is the work of F·A· Staehle in 1850.

Museum island (Museumsinsel)

The architecture on Museum Island is a unique cultural heritage. The five museums on the island have different shapes, but they are harmonious and unified. Spree river flows from both sides, making them more magnificent.

At the southernmost tip of the island, next to Gongqiao and Berlin Cathedral is the altus Museum, in front of which is Louste Garden. The northernmost part is the new museum and the Art National Gallery. Facing the west is Pergamonmuseum, and the outermost is Bodemuseum. More than 70% of this group of museum buildings, which have been built with a history of 100 years, were destroyed in World War II. After World War II, East and West Berlin split, and the collections in the museum were scattered in many places in East and West Berlin. It will take a long time to restore the museum and put most of the previous collections back. 1999, this group of museum communities was included in the World Heritage List.

Five museums

The old museum was built in 1830 and designed by schenkel. There is a tall dome in the inner rotunda, which surrounds the collection of ancient art sculptures in a charming atmosphere.

The new museum was built from 1843 to 1859, and was designed by F A Stü ler. The new museum was established to share the collection pressure of the old museum. There is an exhibition about the history of human development, and the whole building echoes the various stages of historical development according to the contents of the exhibition. The bombing in World War II left the new museum in ruins. The reconstruction project was designed by architect David Chipperfield and is expected to be completed in 2007.

The National Gallery, now called the Old National Gallery, was built from 1867 to 1876, also designed by Stuart and completed by Johann Heinrich strack. Originally it was to build a "scientist's palace", and later it became a collection of German19th century paintings. The outer layer of the building has a tall and wide staircase and a bronze statue of Friedrich William IV riding a horse. The whole building was rebuilt in the 1950s. It was rebuilt again from 1997.

Bode Museum, which was built at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, is a baroque building. The powerful dome and the magnificent entrance hall are like a big ship across spree river. Wilhelm von bode, then minister of the museum, designed the interior exhibition halls one by one according to the style of each era. The restoration of the museum will be completed in 2005. The collection of paintings in the museum can now be enjoyed in the famous painting exhibition hall of the cultural center.

The youngest building on the island is the Pegmont Museum, which was built at 1930. It has the magnificent altar of Zeus, the parade street in Babylon, Iskate Square and the Romanesque Milletre Gate.

Television tower (Fernsehturm)

The TV tower is 368 meters high and is the tallest building in Berlin, which is very popular with tourists. The observation deck on the tower is 203 meters high, from which you can enjoy the city scenery.

The TV Tower was collectively designed by the creative team and built from 1965 to 1969. It is a member of the World Tower Union. This tower is a steel-framed concrete structure with a height of 250 meters. The ball at the top of the tower is a steel frame structure with seven layers inside. It takes 40 seconds to reach the observation deck by elevator. There is an antenna cafe on the observation deck, which rotates every 30 minutes. Visitors can see the amazing scenery of the whole city and enjoy the charm of Berlin. At the top of the tower is a TV antenna with a height of118m.

From 1969 to 1972, designed by Walter Herzog and Heinz Aust, a pavilion base was built at the foot of the TV tower. The base consists of three wings with folding roofs. The tourist information cafe arranged by Berlin Tourism Marketing Co., Ltd. for tourists is one of them.

Laerte Banhoff

Berlin's new central railway station is the construction project with the strongest response. By the time of the 2006 Football World Cup, the project will be completed and become the largest railway transportation hub in Europe.

The original Wright station was destroyed in World War II, and the new station was built on the original site. In addition to the east-west express train tracks, a new north-south railway has been laid, extending in all directions. This intersection-style traffic function has also been reflected in architectural design. The top cover of steel frame and glass structure runs through the station from east to west. Two buildings with parallel structures are provided with a roof in the north-south direction, and the railway in the north-south direction passes through the ground. Therefore, the huge roof of Wright Station will become the largest glass roof in Germany. This reticular and transparent hall structure is a magnificent example of modern railway station architecture.

Not only because of its huge buildings, but also because of its unprecedented railway connections extending in all directions, Wright Station has become a very important project in the history of Berlin architecture.

Potsdam Square (Potsdam Square)

Potsdam Square is the most attractive place in New Berlin. Its striking buildings, including restaurants, shopping centers, theaters and cinemas, not only attract tourists, but also attract Berliners to visit here frequently. The former Potsdam Square has only become a small part of the present square.

The original Potsdam Square had only one intersection. After that, the Potsdam Railway Station was built here, which developed into one of the most prosperous traffic areas and became synonymous with the vibrant urban life of the capital. During World War II, the square was severely damaged. Because it is located at the junction of the jurisdictions of the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union, and the Berlin Wall crosses the square, this once prosperous city center became an island without people after the war.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Potsdam Square was once the largest construction site in Europe. From 1993 to 1998, Daimler-Chrysler district was built here, including office buildings, shops, restaurants, houses, restaurants, Stella-Music Theatre and a casino. Debbie House is a 22-story building designed by renzo piano. In its huge and spacious main hall, there is a mechanical sculpture "Yuan Maxi" created by Jean Tingli. Connected to it is the panoramic cinema and shopping center Arkaden, where there are all kinds of shops and all kinds of goods.

In 2000, Sony Center in Kemperplatz was officially opened, and Sony's European headquarters was located here. The seven buildings are surrounded by each other, and the enclosed central area is spacious and bright, and the roof is wrinkled. This super-era complex also includes a new film museum, two cinemas, a panoramic cinema, restaurants and an exhibition called "Music Box", where the audience can communicate with the "exhibits".

Krchov building with red brick exterior wall (Kollhoff-Geb? Ude) has the fastest elevator in Europe. Visitors can take this elevator upstairs and enjoy the city scenery.

East Side Gallery

From 196 1 to 1989, the Berlin Wall at that time tightly surrounded West Berlin, separating West Berlin from East Berlin and East Germany. 1989 The Berlin Wall collapsed. 1990 After the reunification of Germany, the Berlin Wall was demolished one by one. Today, only a few places can see the remnants of the Berlin Wall.

During the separation period, color decorative painters and artists used walls instead of paper, and the west side of the Berlin Wall was once a popular painting place. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, some famous inkjet artists painted on the east side of the wall for a long time, and today's galleries were born.

On September 28th, 1990, the world's largest open-air promenade between East Railway Station and Oberbaum Bridge was officially opened. 180 artists from 2 1 countries created paintings with different themes on the Berlin Wall section 13 16 meters long. 199 1 year, this Berlin wall was listed as a protected building. The most famous works include A Brother's kiss by Dimitri Vrubel, Motherland by gunther Schaefer and Berlin-new york by Gerhard Lal. These paintings have been seriously damaged in the past few years and are currently being repaired.

Olympic Stadium (Olympia Stadium)

The Olympic Stadium was built from 1935 to 1936, designed and built by architect Werner March, and served as the main venue of the "Imperial Stadium" for the 1936 Olympic Games. The stadium was originally designed to accommodate 654.38 million spectators, but now it can accommodate 75,000 people. At present, a comprehensive reconstruction and expansion is under way here, and the project will be completed in 2004. The final of the 2006 Football World Cup will be held here.

The stadium consists of two floors of corridors with columns, marathon doors and huge open-air stairs leading to the upper stands. The design of the whole building is deeply influenced by the Nazi rulers' principle of mega-architecture, which is a typical example of mega-architecture.

Today, the Olympic Stadium is still the final venue for many international track and field competitions (ISTAF). Hertha Berlin, the Bundesliga football team, and many large-scale events were also held here. The May National Congress, a part of the Imperial Stadium, was originally used as a place for political propaganda activities, and now it is the main venue of international pop concerts. The other part is the forest stage adjacent to the ancient Greek amphitheater. 1936 Olympic Games, here is the gymnastics field. Nowadays, people hold open-air concerts and show open-air movies on the stage of this green forest.

There is also a bell tower on the playground. The roof overlooks Berlin. The spectacular Olympic Stadium, the National Assembly Hall in May and the Forest Stage can also be seen at a panoramic view, and the Forest Stage can only be visited when activities are held. There is a newly cast Olympic clock hanging on the bell tower, which reads: "I call on young people all over the world-1936 Olympic Games".

Jin Aissata

Saga is the German goddess of victory. The Brandenburg Gate and Kinisata in the above picture are on the same street, about one kilometer apart.

East-west Germany merger monument

The monument to the merger of East and West Germany is located on KURFUERSTENDAMM, the most famous and prosperous street in the center of Berlin. The moral of this story is that the division between East Germany and West Germany is like the rupture of people's blood. So far, the merger of East and West Germany is only an economic and geographical merger, not a merger of the German nation.