The fourth chapter, an introduction to tourism, analyzes the psychological characteristics of teenagers.

Teenagers are the golden stage of life and the most distinctive and precious period of individual development. However, this period is also a "dangerous period" of life. Adolescents who enter adolescence develop rapidly. The physiological characteristics of adolescence are abrupt, and a series of physiological phenomena such as morphology, physique and endocrine will change rapidly and dramatically. Physiological changes are the material basis of psychological changes. With the physiological changes and various influences of the external environment, adolescence is a transitional period in which individual psychology is rapidly maturing but not yet fully mature. The psychological characteristics of teenagers in this period are complicated. Mainly as follows:

First, enhance self-awareness

Self-awareness is an individual's understanding of himself. With the continuous improvement of his understanding of the outside world and the continuous accumulation of life experience, individuals entering adolescence began to pay attention to and evaluate their inner world and personality quality. But during this period, they have not formed a stable image about themselves, so their self-awareness is not stable enough. Usually they can't make an objective evaluation of themselves, and they are too subjective. When you encounter setbacks, you will often be discouraged, timid, feel inferior, depressed, and even give up on yourself. The most important thing in this period is to help teenagers establish a correct understanding of themselves.

2. Significant intellectual development

Due to the continuous enhancement of brain function, the continuous expansion of living space and the increasing social practice activities, the cognitive ability of teenagers has been greatly developed. During this period, teenagers' perception, memory and thinking abilities have been continuously enhanced, and their logical abstract thinking ability has gradually taken the dominant position, and they have made a transition from general logical thinking to dialectical thinking, using theoretical thinking more, and their independence, criticism and creativity have been obviously improved. Teenagers gradually begin to look at things around them with a critical eye, and they will have original opinions and like to question and argue. At this time, they will start to think about life and the world and put forward a series of questions such as "the purpose of life", "the meaning of life" and "the ideal of life". Because solving these problems is a process full of contradictions, they often feel distressed, confused, depressed and uneasy.

3. The contradiction between emotional development and reality

Because of the complexity of teenagers' psychological development, there is a contradiction between teenagers' emotional development and reality.

1, the contradiction between locking and strong communication

Teenagers have strong self-esteem, thoughts and feelings, and refuse to confide personal secrets to family and friends easily, which will produce an indescribable sense of loneliness. This state and the strong communication needs of teenagers with the expansion of living space constitute a pair of intractable contradictions.

2. The contradiction between independence and dependence

On the one hand, teenagers who consider themselves adults show great independence in their thoughts, words and deeds, and ask them to make their own decisions. On the other hand, however, because teenagers' social experience is not rich enough, it is difficult to make correct decisions on many things. At this time, it constitutes the contradiction between independence and dependence.

3. The contradiction between curiosity and low discrimination.

Teenagers have little social experience and low discrimination. They are very eager to acquire new knowledge and new ideas. At this time, we should give them correct guidance and let them develop in the right direction.

4. The contradiction between emotion and reason

Teenagers are easy to get emotional, they are not good at dealing with the relationship between reason and emotion, and often can't adhere to the correct understanding and rational control, and become emotional prisoners.

5. The contradiction between ideal and reality

Teenagers are full of vigor and vitality, have lofty ideals and ambitions, and are full of beautiful yearning for the future. However, they often fail to correctly estimate that they will encounter all kinds of difficulties in the process of realizing their ideals and are easily hit. Once they encounter setbacks, some people will be pessimistic and disappointed, and in serious cases, they will be in a desperate situation and unable to extricate themselves.

6. The contradiction between the development of sexual consciousness and moral norms.

The physical development of teenagers is close to that of adults, and the awakening of sexual consciousness makes teenagers love the opposite sex more and more strongly. But they are extremely sensitive and impulsive. Moral concept is not strong, willpower is weak, and strong physical shock sometimes makes them violate moral norms and bring serious adverse consequences to physical and mental health. At this time, we should pay special attention to the combination of sex education and ethics education, so that the development of teenagers' sexual consciousness can move towards a healthy road.

Four. The awakening and development of sexual consciousness

Sexual consciousness refers to teenagers' understanding, experience and attitude towards sex. The awakening of sexual consciousness means that teenagers begin to realize the differences between the sexes and the relationship between the sexes, and it also brings some special psychological experiences. Teenagers' sexual consciousness has a continuous development process, which can be roughly divided into three stages:

1, alienated from the opposite sex stage

In the early stage of sexual development, teenagers often feel shy, shy, uneasy and disgusted with sexual problems due to the sharp changes in physiology. So psychologically, they are unwilling to approach the opposite sex and alienate each other. The sexual consciousness in this period is a hazy state from ignorance to consciousness.

2, close to the opposite sex stage

With the further physical and psychological maturity, young men and women are emotionally attracted to each other, showing concern for the opposite sex and hoping to get in touch with each other. The sexual consciousness in this period is characterized by hazy yearning.

3. Love stage

With the growth of age, the comprehensive influence of social life and the further maturity of physiology, young men and women began to have love. They regard the opposite sex as the object of their communication, love each other and begin to fall in love. Love at this stage is mostly spiritual, and pure feelings are valued.