What kind of lens is best for shooting landscapes with a SLR camera?

Although there are high-quality lenses, ordinary lenses, and poor-quality lenses, the choice of lens should be based on your own economic basis. \x0d\ It is not that high-quality lenses can take ideal photos, but ordinary and inferior lenses cannot take ideal photos. In fact, shooting technology accounts for the main factor. Standard lens \x0d\ Standard lens: suitable for 35mm single-lens reflex camera exchange Taking lenses as an example, a standard lens usually refers to a photographic lens with a focal length between 40 and 55 mm. It is the most basic photographic lens among all lenses. Sigma AF 30/1.4 EX HSM DC lens\x0d\The standard lens gives people a documentary visual effect, so in actual shooting, its frequency of use is relatively high. However, on the other hand, since the picture effect of a standard lens is very similar to the visual effect of the human eye, the picture effect shot with a standard lens is very ordinary, and can even be said to be very "bland", which is difficult to obtain. A wide-angle or telephoto lens that adds drama to the scene. Therefore, it is quite difficult to take vivid pictures with standard lenses. Even experienced photographers think that it is not easy to use standard lenses well. However, the visual effects expressed by standard lenses have a natural sense of closeness. When shooting with standard lenses, the distance to the subject is also relatively moderate. Therefore, they are often used in photography situations such as ordinary landscapes, ordinary portraits, and snapshots. The most common Commemorative photos are mostly taken with standard lenses. In addition, what photographers often overlook is that the standard lens is also a lens with excellent imaging quality, which is very effective in expressing the details of the subject. \x0d\Telephoto lens\x0d\ The angle of view of a telephoto lens is within 20 degrees, and the focal length can reach tens of millimeters or hundreds of millimeters. Long focal length lenses are divided into two categories: ordinary telephoto lenses and super telephoto lenses. The focal length of an ordinary telephoto lens is close to that of a standard lens, while the focal length of a super telephoto lens is much longer than that of a Sony 2X telephoto lens\x0d\standard lens. Taking the 135 camera as an example, its photography lenses with focal lengths from 85mm to 300mm are ordinary telephoto lenses, and those with focal lengths above 300mm are super telephoto lenses. A telephoto lens has a long focal length, a small angle of view, and a large image on the film. Therefore, it can capture a larger image than a standard lens at the same distance. Suitable for shooting distant subjects. Because its depth of field range is smaller than that of a standard lens, it can blur the background more effectively and highlight the subject in focus. Moreover, the subject is generally far away from the camera, resulting in less distortion in the perspective of the portrait, making the portrait more vivid. , so people often refer to telephoto lenses as portrait lenses. However, telephoto lenses have longer barrels, are heavier, are relatively more expensive, and have a relatively small depth of field, making it difficult to focus in actual use, so they are often used in professional photography. When shooting with a long focal length lens, you should generally use high sensitivity and a fast shutter. For example, if you use a 200mm long focal length lens to shoot, the shutter speed should be above 1/250 seconds to prevent the camera from shaking and blurry images when shooting with a handheld camera. When shooting under normal circumstances, in order to keep the camera stable, it is best to fix the camera on a tripod. When there is no tripod to fix it, try to find something to rely on to help stabilize the camera. \x0d\Wide-angle lens\x0d\ Taking a 35mm single-lens reflex camera as an example, a wide-angle lens usually refers to a lens with a focal length between about 17 and 35 mm. The basic characteristics of a wide-angle lens are that it has a large angle of view and a wide field of view. The scope of the scenery observed from a certain viewpoint is much larger than what the human eye can see at the same viewpoint; the depth of field is long and can show a considerable range of clarity; it can emphasize the perspective effect of the picture, and is good at exaggerating the foreground and expressing the scenery. A sense of distance, which helps enhance the appeal of the picture. The basic characteristics of wide-angle lenses: 1. The viewing angle range is large and can cover a wide range of scenery. The so-called wide viewing angle range means that at the same point of view (the distance from the subject remains unchanged), three different focal length photography lenses, wide-angle, standard and telephoto, are used to capture the view. The result is that the former captures more up, down, left and right than the latter. scenery. When a photographer has no way out, if a scene that is difficult to completely capture with a 50mm standard lens (such as a group photo of people, etc.), the wide-angle lens can easily solve the problem by taking advantage of its wide viewing angle. Furthermore, when shooting vast fields or tall buildings in cities, a standard lens may only be able to capture part of the scene, failing to express the width or height of the scene. Shooting with a wide-angle lens can effectively show the openness of a large scene or the majesty of a building towering into the clouds. 2. Short focal length and long depth of field. When shooting vast scenes, photographers generally rely on the short focal length of a wide-angle lens to express the scene with a long depth of field, so that the entire scene from near to far can be clearly expressed. In addition, when shooting with a wide-angle lens, if you also use a smaller aperture, the depth of field of the scene will become longer. For example, if a photographer shoots with a 28mm wide-angle lens, focuses on a subject about 3 meters away, and adjusts the aperture to F8, then almost everything from 1 meter to infinity will enter the depth of field range. It is precisely because of this long depth of field that photographers often use wide-angle lenses as a highly maneuverable quick-shot lens. On some occasions, photographers can operate the wide-angle lens very quickly without focusing on the subject. Complete the capture. 3. Can emphasize the foreground and highlight the contrast between near and far. This is another important feature of wide-angle lenses.

The so-called emphasizing the foreground and highlighting the contrast between far and near means that the wide-angle lens can emphasize the contrast between near and far more than other lenses. In other words, in photos taken with a wide-angle lens, close things are larger and far things are smaller, which makes people feel that the distance is widened and creates a strong perspective effect in the depth direction. Especially when shooting with an ultra-wide-angle lens with a very short focal length, the effect of near and far is particularly significant. 4. Can be exaggerated and deformed. Generally speaking, it is a taboo when using a wide-angle lens that the subject is exaggerated and deformed. In fact, it is not necessarily undesirable for the subject to be appropriately exaggerated and deformed. Experienced photographers often use wide-angle lenses to moderately deform the subject, taking pictures of some very inconspicuous and invisible scenes that appear unusual. Of course, when using a wide-angle lens to exaggerate and deform the expression, firstly, it must be based on the needs of the subject matter, and secondly, it must be less but more precise. Regardless of whether the subject matter requires it or not, it is not advisable to abuse the exaggerated and deformed expression techniques of wide-angle lenses and blindly pursue grotesque and bizarre effects in form. \x0d\Fisheye lens\x0d\ Take the interchangeable lens suitable for 35mm single-lens reflex camera as an example. The fisheye lens is a short focal length ultra-wide-angle photography lens with a focal length of about 6-16mm. "Fisheye" "Lens" is its common name. In order to achieve the maximum photographic angle of the lens, the front lens of this photographic lens is diameter-shaped and protrudes parabolically toward the front of the lens, which is quite similar to the eye of a fish, hence the name "fisheye lens". Fisheye lenses are larger in size. Take the fisheye lens suitable for a 35mm single-lens reflex camera as an example. When this fisheye lens is installed on a smaller 35mm single-lens reflex camera body, there is a "head (lens) big body (body)" problem. "Small body" feeling, and because fisheye lenses are not light in weight (for example, the Nikkor 6mm/F2.8 manual focus fisheye lens weighs 5200 grams), after a fisheye lens is installed on a single-lens reflex camera, the camera and The overall weight of the lens increases and the center of gravity moves forward. Photographers must pay attention to keeping the camera steady when holding the camera for shooting. As mentioned before, the front element of a fisheye lens is large in diameter and thrown toward the front of the lens, so this lens cannot be equipped with a filter like a normal lens. Fisheye lenses usually use built-in filters. According to the shooting needs, the photographer controls the filter conversion ring on the lens to convert the required filter into the photography light path of the lens. The front lens of the fisheye lens is a very important lens in the entire lens. Since it is thrown toward the front of the lens, photographers must pay special attention not to collide with the lens when shooting (especially when shooting close to the subject). In addition, when some old-fashioned fisheye lenses are connected to a 35mm single-lens reflex camera, the rear of the lens is inserted deeply into the camera body, and the camera's mirror must be flipped up and locked. The camera's pentaprism viewfinder will not be usable and must be installed on the camera. Photography can only be done by setting additional framing. \x0d\Macro Lens\x0d\ A macro photography lens refers to a special photography lens that can be used for macro or close-up photography without installing close-up accessories such as a close-up lens, a close-up ring or a close-up track housing. Macro photography lenses are photography lenses that are specially designed to capture tiny subjects or reproduce small pictures. This lens has a very high resolution, minimal distortion, high contrast, and good color reproduction. Macro photography lenses have very good resolution when taking close-up shots, and can maintain image quality without much change throughout the entire focus range. General photographic lenses are mainly used to shoot scenery within the usual focal length. They cannot be used directly for close-up photography. To take close-up shots with a general photography lens, you need to install close-up accessories such as a close-up lens, a close-up adapter, or a close-up bellows on the lens. However, general photography lenses are equipped with a close-up lens, a close-up adapter, etc. or close-up accessories such as close-up lenses, it is in the "close-up" state, and cannot quickly return to the normal photography state from the "close-up" state. That is to say, it is difficult to install a close-up accessory with a general photography lens. Alternate between close-up photography and normal photography. The macro photography lens is different. Its close-up shooting does not rely on other close-up shooting accessories. All close-up shooting operations are performed on the lens itself. It can continuously focus from close-up shooting to infinity, so that it can focus from the close-up shooting state. Quickly adjust to the normal photography state, which provides convenience for photographers to alternate between close-up photography and normal photography. Macro photography lenses generally have two structures. One type of macro photography lens uses a structure with a built-in telescopic lens barrel, and the other type uses a structure that exchanges the front and rear positions of the optical lens group within the lens. In the former, during ordinary photography, the photographer only needs to rotate the focus ring of the lens to achieve normal focus. If he wants to take a close-up shot, he only needs to continue to rotate the focus ring that has been rotated to the closest focus position, and the entire optical system of the lens can be used along with the built-in The lens barrel moves forward synchronously to increase the image distance and achieve the purpose of close-up photography; the latter changes the front and rear positions of the optical lens group in the lens to obtain higher image magnification, thereby achieving the purpose of close-up photography. Common macro photography lenses include Nikkor Micro 55mm/F2.8 manual focus macro photography lens. \x0d\Teleconverter lens\x0d\ Teleconverter lens, also known as teleconverter lens or focal length extender, is a relatively special type of optical device consisting of multiple optical lenses. Its function is to increase the focal length of the original lens. Since the teleconverter is an optical system that functions as a concave lens, it cannot produce images alone. It must be used with a conventional lens that functions as a convex lens to obtain a clear object image. There are various magnifications of teleconverters. The common ones are 2x (commonly known as extenders), 1.7x, 1.4x and 1.6x, and a few are 3x. The number of lenses generally ranges from four to seven.

One side of the teleconverter is a bayonet, which is the same as the bayonet of the lens, and is used to connect to the camera body; the other side is a snap ring, which is the same as the snap ring on the SLR body, and is used to connect the lens. When using it, first remove the lens from the SLR, connect the teleconverter to the body, and then connect the lens to the teleconverter, that is, the teleconverter is between the body and the lens. Teleconverters with different magnifications can extend the focal length of the original lens to different ranges. For example, a 2x teleconverter can turn a 50mm standard lens into a 100mm medium-focus lens; while a 1.4x teleconverter can only turn it into a 70mm lens. However, the teleconverter can only be used for lenses above 50mm. If used together with a wide-angle lens, angle occlusion may occur. After connecting the teleconverter, some parameters of the original lens will not change, such as the shortest focusing distance. If the shortest focusing distance of the original lens is 0.5 meters, it is still 0.5 meters after adding a teleconverter. Since the focal length is increased, a larger image can be obtained. \x0d\Zoom lens\x0d\ A camera lens that can change the focal length within a certain range to obtain different wide and narrow angles of view, images of different sizes and different scene ranges is called a zoom lens. A zoom lens can change the shooting range by changing the focal length without changing the shooting distance, so it is very conducive to picture composition. Since one zoom lens can serve as several fixed-focus lenses, it not only reduces the amount of photographic equipment you carry when traveling, but also saves the time of changing lenses. The biggest feature of a zoom lens, or its greatest value, is that it realizes the function of changing the focal length of the lens according to the photographer's wishes. Different from fixed focal length lenses, zoom lenses do not rely on quick lens changes to achieve lens focal length changes. Instead, they achieve lens focal length changes by pushing, pulling or rotating the zoom ring of the lens. Within the zoom range of the lens, the focal length can be changed steplessly. , that is, any focal length within the zoom range can be used for photography, which creates conditions for diversifying compositions. Any focal length of a zoom lens itself has the same function as another fixed focal length lens of the same focal length. However, zoom lenses do not limit the photographer's use of which focal length, so they are much more convenient and flexible in use and operation. It saves you the trouble of carrying and replacing multiple lenses with different focal lengths when you go out for shooting. Even before pressing the camera shutter, the photographer can select the subject by changing the focal length of the lens and crop the picture in order to arrange the composition of the picture more ideally before shooting. The speed with which a zoom lens changes focal length is unmatched by a fixed focal length lens that changes focal length by changing lenses. The zoom lenses of 35mm automatic pocket cameras or some 35mm single-lens reflex cameras also use electric zoom mode. Electric zoom is not only labor-saving and convenient, but more importantly, it achieves even-speed zooming, which provides photographers with the advantage of different focal lengths. Subtle changes are very beneficial in cropping the picture and determining the composition. A zoom lens can also create an "explosion effect" by zooming in at the moment the camera shutter is opened. Some cameras also rely on automatic control of the focal length change of the zoom lens to achieve automatic composition. The latest 35mm single-lens reflex camera is also equipped with a function of automatically remembering the lens focal length. This function allows the photographer to set the camera to memorize one or several frequently used lens focal lengths, so that the lens focal length can be changed at any time. Change to the previously memorized focal length. Of course, compared to fixed focal length lenses, zoom lenses have a more complex structure and are heavier. The image quality of non-name-brand zoom lenses is definitely inferior to the corresponding fixed focal length lenses. \x0d\Tilt-shift lens\x0d\ A tilt-shift photographic lens is a photographic lens that can adjust the perspective relationship of the photographed image or focus on the entire area. The main feature of the tilt-shift photographic lens is that it can translate, tilt or rotate the main optical axis of the entire photographic lens while maintaining the position of the camera body and the film plane, so as to adjust the perspective relationship or the full range of the captured image. The purpose of regional focus. The reference clear image field of a tilt-shift photographic lens is much larger. This is to ensure that a clear image can still be obtained after the optical principal axis of the photographic lens is translated, tilted or rotated. Tilt-shift photography lenses are also known as "TS" lenses ("TS" is the abbreviation of "Tilt&Shift" in English, that is, "tilt and shift"), "tilt lens", "shift lens", etc. After the 35mm single-lens reflex camera adopts a tilt-shift photographic lens, this single-lens reflex camera also has the function of controlling the perspective by adjusting the bellows of a large combined camera, thereby expanding the scope of use of the 35mm single-lens reflex camera. , In the field of professional photography, tilt-shift photography lenses play a considerable role. The tilt-shift photography lens has two main functions. One is to correct the perspective deformation of the subject; the other is to achieve full-area focus on the subject so that both near and distant subjects in the picture can form a clear image. . Tilt-shift photography lenses are most commonly used in architectural photography. When photographing the appearance of a building, a photographic lens with a wide-angle focal length is often used. However, due to the perspective effect of the wide-angle lens, the lines of the photographed building's shape converge upward. When photographing the shape of a building using a tilt-shift lens, you can rely on The perspective adjustment function of the lens corrects this phenomenon of line convergence, so that the buildings appearing in the picture do not have the usual feeling of tilting or even falling over, but still appear vertical. Tilt-shift lenses are also often used to capture images that focus on the entire area.

When shooting product advertisements in commercial photography, the pan and tilt shooting functions of this lens are often used in combination to correct the perspective deformation of the subject while achieving a full-area focusing effect that is difficult to achieve with ordinary photography lenses. Common tilt-shift photography lenses include Nikkor 28mm/F3.5 manual focus tilt-shift lens, Nikkor 35mm/F2.8 manual focus tilt-shift lens, and Nikkor 85mm/F2.8D manual focus macro tilt-shift lens. wait.