——Henan ranks first in China and the world in all aspects

The current situation and enlightenment of Henan’s economic development

Henan and Jiangxi are both located in the central region, and they both face the historical task of accelerating development and achieving rise. Analyzing Henan's economic development characteristics and learning from Henan's successful experience in economic development are of great significance to accelerating Jiangxi's economic development and achieving its rise in the central region.

1. Provincial conditions and advantages

Henan is located between 110°21′～116°39′ east longitude and 31°23′～36°22′ north latitude, with an east-to-west length of approximately 580 kilometers, spanning about 550 kilometers from north to south. Because most of the area is south of the Yellow River, it is called Henan. Because it was called "Yuzhou" in ancient times, it was abbreviated as "Yu", and because Yuzhou was located in the center of Kyushu in ancient times, it was also called "Zhongzhou" and "Central Plains". The province's land area is 167,000 square kilometers, ranking 17th in the country, but its per capita level is less than 1/4 of the country's. Henan accounts for 1.7% of the country's land and supports 7.5% of the country's population. Henan's comparative advantages are:

1. Geographical location: superior. Henan is located in the central and eastern part of China, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, bordering Anhui and Shandong to the east, Hebei and Shanxi to the north, Shaanxi to the west, and Hubei to the south. It is in the transition zone from China's second ladder to the third ladder, with a moderate location. From the perspective of political district location, Henan is in the middle. With Henan as the center, it extends to the Heilongjiang River in the north, the Pearl River Basin in the south, the foot of the Tianshan Mountains in the west, and the coast of the East China Sea in the east. Most of them span two to three provinces and regions. Taking Zhengzhou, the provincial capital as the center, from Beijing, Tianjin and Tang in the north, to the three towns of Wuhan in the south, to the Guanzhong Plain in the west, and to economically developed areas such as Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou in the east, the straight-line distance is mostly within 600-800 kilometers. From the perspective of transportation status, Henan has always been a necessary place for people from all over the country to travel from south to north, and from west to east. It is also a place where people of all ethnic groups have frequent activities and close exchanges. The passage that connects the east and west is the Yellow River Valley, which can be traced back to Guanzhong and directly to the Northwest and West Asia. The famous Silk Road extends eastward through the Yellow River Valley. It is an important modern transportation artery and the second Eurasian Continental Bridge (Longhai Line, Lanzhou Line). New Line) also passes through this channel. Passages between the north and the south are also opened at the junction of mountains and plains, such as the famous Nanxiang Passage in ancient times, the modern Beijing-Guangzhou Line, and the Beijing-Shenzhen Expressway. In addition, the Beijing-Kowloon, Jiaozhi, Longhai, Xinhe and other railway trunk lines are criss-crossing the territory. Such a superior geographical location and convenient transportation conditions give Henan an important role in connecting the east to the west and connecting the south to the north.

2. Natural resources: abundant. ① Mineral resources. Henan has relatively complete strata, complex geological structures and superior ore prospecting conditions. It is one of the important mineral resource provinces in my country. 102 kinds of minerals have been discovered in Henan, and 78 kinds have proven reserves. There are 55 kinds of minerals with the top 8 reserves in the country. The reserves of 5 minerals, including molybdenum, kyanite, perlite, trona and casting sand, rank first in the country; coal, oil, natural gas, aluminum, gold and silver. There are abundant reserves of cement limestone, refractory clay and marble. ②Tourism resources. Ancient (ancient culture), river (Yellow River), boxing (Shaolin martial arts, Tai Chi), roots (searching for roots and ancestors), and flowers (Luoyang peonies) are the tourism characteristics of Henan. Henan's underground cultural relics rank first in the country, and its above-ground cultural relics rank second in the country. There are more than one million cultural relics in the collection, accounting for about 1/8 of the country's total. Luoyang, Kaifeng and Anyang are known as one of the seven ancient capitals of China. There are 23 nature reserves and 25 key scenic spots in the province. Jigong Mountain, Song Mountain, Longmen, Wangwu Mountain and Yuntai Mountain are national-level scenic spots. Luoyang Longmen Grottoes are included in the World Heritage List. ③Animal and plant resources. There are more than 400 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the territory, accounting for 1/5 of the national number. There are 197 families and more than 3,600 species of higher plants. There are many kinds of medicinal plants, including about 800 kinds of woody, herbaceous and fungi, distributed throughout the province, such as the four major medicinal plants of Wenxian, Qinyang and Wushe: "shengdi, yam, oxxi and chrysanthemum", and Mi County’s honeysuckle enjoys a unique reputation in the country.

3. Infrastructure: perfect. ①Henan is one of the largest transportation hubs in the country. China's two major railway trunk lines, the Beijing-Guangzhou and Longhai Railways, and the two major expressway trunk lines, the Beijing-Zhuhai and Lianhuo Highways, all intersect here. Currently, a transportation system has been formed with railways and highways as the backbone, and civil aviation and water transport as auxiliary. In terms of railways, a "three vertical and four horizontal" railway network has been formed. Zhengzhou North Station is the largest marshalling station in Asia, Zhengzhou East Station is the largest LTL transfer station in the country, and Zhengzhou Station is one of the largest passenger stations in the country. By the end of 2004, the operating mileage of local railways in the province had reached 1,439 kilometers, ranking first in the country. In terms of highways, a cross-shaped highway skeleton has been formed. By the end of 2004, the province's expressway mileage had reached 1,758 kilometers, ranking 9th in the country. In terms of aviation, three civil airports in Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Nanyang have been built, and 32 domestic routes and irregular international tourism charter flights have been opened. It provides navigation to 56 large and medium-sized cities in China and Hong Kong and Macao regions, with 560 flights per week and an annual throughput of 1.5 million. person times. ②Henan is one of the important communication hubs in the country. By the end of 2004, the province had 16.25 million fixed-line users, ranking 5th in the country; 13.907 million mobile exchange users, ranking 11th in the country; and Internet users reaching 2.733 million, ranking 10th in the country.

Long-distance communication transmission has been automated, long-distance lines have been digitized, urban and rural telephone exchanges have all been program-controlled and data-based transmission, network technology has basically kept pace with the world's advanced levels, and business types can basically meet the needs of the current stage of informatization construction.

2. Development results

In 2004, Henan’s gross product (GDP) reached 881.5 billion yuan, ranking fifth in the country; accounting for 6.5% of the country’s total, an increase from the previous year 0.5 percentage points; the growth rate was 13.7%, the highest growth rate since 1997, 4.2 percentage points higher than the national level. The per capita GDP is 9,470 yuan, breaking through the important threshold of 1,000 US dollars, and economic development has reached a new strategic starting point. The three industrial structures were adjusted from 17.6:50.5:31.9 last year to 18.7:51.2:30.1. The total industrial added value accounted for 43.5% of GDP, indicating that the traditional agricultural province is accelerating towards a modern industrial province. The outstanding features of economic development are:

1. The rural economy has developed in an all-round way and agricultural industrialization has achieved remarkable results.

Henan is a major agricultural province and one of the important commercial grain production bases in the country. In 2004, grain output reached 42.6 million tons, accounting for 9.1% of the country's total, ranking first in the country; new grain output reached 6.91 million tons, accounting for 17.8% of the country's total, making outstanding contributions to ensuring national food security. At the same time, Henan has focused on building a national high-quality special wheat production and processing base and livestock product production and processing base, vigorously promoted the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure, and achieved comprehensive development of the rural economy. First, grain production has initially formed a high-quality, regional and large-scale pattern. In 2004, the province's high-quality special wheat planting area exceeded 23 million acres, accounting for 32% of the total wheat sowing area; the grain output of the five cities of Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Zhoukou and Zhumadian accounted for 56% of the province's grain output. Second, the area of ??cash crops such as cotton, oil crops, tobacco leaves, vegetables, medicinal materials, and flowers has expanded. In 2004, the province's cotton output was 670,000 tons, accounting for 10.5% of the country's total; oilseed output was 4.09 million tons, accounting for 13.4% of the country's total; tobacco leaf output was 260,000 tons, accounting for 12.1% of the country's total; all ranking among the top three in the country. Third, the animal husbandry industry has developed particularly rapidly, with seven indicators including animal husbandry output value and added value ranking first in the country. In 2004, the province produced 51.89 million pigs, 6.72 million cattle, and 39.52 million sheep; its total meat output was 6.43 million tons, accounting for 8.9% of the country's total.

In recent years, Henan has vigorously promoted the agricultural industrialization strategy and focused on supporting 40 leading wheat processing enterprises and a group of key livestock product processing enterprises, which not only promoted the deep processing of agricultural and sideline products, but also extended the industrial chain , increased the added value, and also cultivated a number of leading processing enterprises such as Lotus MSG, Jinxiang Wheat Industry, Nanyang Tianguan, Luohe Shuanghui, Huaying Meat Duck, Zhengzhou Huahua Niu, Si Nian, Sanquan, etc., driving a large number of farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. . At present, the province's wheat processing and conversion capacity exceeds 18 million tons, and its meat intensive processing capacity exceeds more than 2.3 million tons, both ranking among the top in the country. Luohe Shuanghui Group has more than 600 product types, with a market share of 50%, and has become the largest meat product processing base in the country; Huaying Group has more than 200 meat and duck processing products, and has become the largest meat duck processing enterprise in Asia; Zhengzhou Huahua Niu has a daily processing capacity of more than 500 tons of fresh milk, and it is also among the top 10 dairy processing companies in the country. According to a survey by relevant departments, Henan currently produces more than 30 types of advantageous products such as ham sausage, monosodium glutamate, quick-frozen food, and instant noodles, with market shares of 70%, 44%, 46%, and 25% respectively.

2. The industrial economy has developed rapidly and the industrialization process has accelerated significantly.

Henan is a large industrial province, with the total industrial added value reaching 386.2 billion yuan, accounting for 43.5% of GDP. Relying on its rich mineral resources, Henan has established an industrial system of a certain scale with a complete range of categories, mainly machinery, electronics, petroleum, chemicals, metallurgy, building materials, coal, and electricity. In 2004, the added value of industries above designated size in the province was 233.3 billion yuan, sales revenue was 706.5 billion yuan, and total profits were 37.7 billion yuan; 5 companies had sales revenue exceeding 10 billion yuan, and 12 companies had total profits exceeding 500 million yuan; raw coal, power generation The output of cement, crude oil and steel ranks 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th and 9th in the country respectively. At the same time, Henan started by strengthening the driving force of economic growth, focused on promoting industrial structural adjustment, and vigorously developed the non-public economy. The industrial economy has shown a good situation of fast speed, good benefits, and continuous optimization of structure. First, implement the project-driven strategy and optimize the investment structure. Tianguan Group has an annual output of 300,000 tons of fuel ethanol, Anbo Xinyi Company has an annual output of 6 million sets of large-screen color glass bulb production lines, Henan Tire has an annual output of 2 million sets of all-steel radial tires, and Sanmenxia Hubin Group has an annual output of 100,000 tons of concentrated juice. , YTO's annual output of 4,000 units of construction machinery and other projects were completed and put into operation, strongly supporting the rapid growth of Henan's industry. The second is to deepen enterprise reform and enhance enterprise vitality. A number of large state-owned enterprises such as Yongmei, Anbo, Xuji, Pingmei, Xinfei, Yituo, and Zhongyuan Dahua have diversified their property rights through various forms such as reducing state-owned shares and introducing strategic investors. These enterprises ( Group) has become an important driving force for Henan's industrial growth.

In recent years, in accordance with the requirements of new industrialization, Henan has insisted on using high and new technologies and advanced applicable technologies to transform traditional industries, persisted in selectively developing high and new technology industries with comparative advantages, and cultivated Develop a number of brand-name products and enterprise groups with strong competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets. At present, the output of Anyang Color Picture Tube Glass Bulb Co., Ltd. ranks first in the country and third in the world. The sales volume of color glass bulbs accounts for 70% of the country. China's No. 1 Tractor Engineering Machinery Company is the largest agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprise in China. The sales volume of large tractors accounts for 70%. 40% of the country's total. Pingdingshan Shenma Cord Fabric Group is China's largest cord fabric manufacturer, and its cord fabric sales account for 35% of the country's total. Zhoukou Lotus MSG Company's output ranks first in Asia. Great Wall Aluminum Company is China's largest alumina manufacturer. One of the manufacturing companies. In the list of China's famous brand products in 2004, Henan's "Ancai" glass shell, "Shuanghui" ham sausage, "Lotus" MSG, "Xinfei" refrigerators and freezers, "Venus" beer, "Yutong" buses, "Shaolin" Thirteen brands including passenger cars and "Zhengxing" fuel dispensers were recognized as Chinese famous brand products.

3. The pace of urbanization is accelerating, and the layout of productivity is becoming more reasonable.

First, implement the regional central city-driven strategy and accelerate the construction of the economic uplift zone of the Central Plains urban agglomeration. The "Outline of the Plan for Comprehensively Building a Well-off Society" reviewed and approved by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventh Session of the Henan Provincial Party Committee made the decision to implement the regional central city-driven strategy and accelerate the development of the economic uplift zone of the Central Plains urban agglomeration. The Central Plains Urban Agglomeration Economic Uplift Zone is centered on Zhengzhou and includes urban dense areas including Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe, and Jiyuan. The land area of ??these nine cities accounts for 35% of Henan's total population. 40% of Henan's total economic output accounts for 56% of Henan's total. On the basis of accelerating the construction of an inter-city rapid transportation system, Henan has made every effort to build the Zheng-Bian-Luo urban industrial corridor and vigorously develop advantageous industries such as the electric power industry, information product manufacturing, automobile and equipment manufacturing, food, chemicals and new building materials industries. , so that the cities in the Central Plains urban agglomeration can form an overall competitive advantage in the process of developing their own industrial advantages, and strive to become the main platform for Henan to open up to the outside world, introduce east to west, and become an important national advanced manufacturing base, regional trade and financial center, science, education and culture Center, an open economic zone with strong comprehensive competitiveness in the central and western regions. In 2004, the Central Plains urban agglomeration centered on Zhengzhou achieved an industrial added value of 145.242 billion yuan, accounting for 62.4% of the province's industrial added value above designated size, an increase of 24.6% over the previous year, and driving the province's industrial growth by 15.2 percentage points. Among them, Zhengzhou City grew by 23.7% and contributed 16.0% to the province's industrial growth; Luoyang City grew by 31.8% and contributed 13.7% to the province's industrial growth; Jiaozuo City grew by 33.5% and contributed 13.7% to the province's industrial growth; 10.1%. The second is to give full play to its own foundation and resource advantages and accelerate the construction of characteristic urban economic belts. The three cities of Anyang, Hebi and Puyang in northern Henan have taken full advantage of their abundant oil, gas and coal resources and have gradually built Henan's important steel, coal chemical and petrochemical, equipment manufacturing and electronic information industry bases. Sanmenxia City in western Henan has taken full advantage of its abundant resources such as minerals and forest fruits, and has gradually built an important coal chemical industry, gold production and processing, aluminum industry and forest and fruit industry production and processing base in Henan. Nanyang City in southwestern Henan has given full play to its own foundation and has gradually built a traditional Chinese medicine production, textile base and an industrial belt focusing on the development and utilization of non-metallic minerals and the processing of agricultural and sideline products. Zhumadian, Shangqiu, Zhoukou and Xinyang cities in the Huanghuai region give full play to their advantages in abundant agricultural resources, focus on the intensive processing of agricultural products, vigorously develop food, textile, pharmaceutical and other industries, and gradually build green agricultural product processing and export bases and live pigs, beef cattle, mutton sheep , oil production and processing base.

4. Breakthroughs were made in the east-to-east and west-to-west expansion, and the level of opening up to the outside world was comprehensively improved.

Henan actively responds to the new situation of joining the WTO, conscientiously implements the opening-up strategy, and initially forms an all-round, multi-level, and wide-area opening-up pattern. First, the strategy of “Introducing from the East to the West” has been vigorously implemented. The economic and trade cooperation between Henan, Guangdong and Henan has gradually deepened, and the industry-university-research cooperation with famous domestic universities and research institutes such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been continuously strengthened. Facing the western region, a series of economic and trade exhibitions and sales activities such as the Henan Products Lanzhou Fair, Urumqi Trade Fair, and Guangxi Investment Fair were successfully held to expand the market share of Henan products in the western region. Some advantaged enterprises began to implement corporate mergers and acquisitions or set up factories in the western region. Second, policies to encourage exports have been vigorously implemented, and foreign trade exports have grown rapidly. In 2004, the province's total foreign trade export volume was US$4.17 billion, an increase of 40.1% over the previous year. The structure of export commodities has become more optimized. In 2004, primary product exports accounted for 10.5%, a decrease of 2.4 percentage points from the previous year; exports of industrial manufactured products accounted for 89.2%, a share increased by 2.1 percentage points from the previous year. Mechanical and electrical products, High-tech products are becoming new export growth points. The export commodity market is developing towards diversification. Exports to six traditional countries (regions) such as the United States, Hong Kong, the European Union, South Korea, Japan and ASEAN only increased by 39.2%, while the emerging export commodity market grew strongly, with exports to Singapore increasing by 144.4%. Exports to Canada increased by 98.2%, exports to the Netherlands increased by 80.8%, and exports to Mexico increased by 51.1%.

The third is to vigorously implement an all-round and multi-channel investment promotion policy, and significantly improve the scale and quality of foreign capital utilization. In 2004, 478 foreign-invested enterprises were newly approved in the province, an increase of 48.0% over the previous year; the contracted foreign investment amount was US$2.054 billion, an increase of 62.9% over the previous year; the actual utilization of foreign direct investment was US$874 million, an increase of 36.7% over the previous year. 24 of the world's top 500 multinational companies, including Hitachi, Toshiba, Philips, Pursmart, Lyon Water, and German MAN, have successively settled in Zhongyuan. Fourth, we continued to implement the "going global" strategy and saw rapid growth in foreign economic and technological cooperation. In 2004, the province's newly signed contract value for contracted projects, labor cooperation and design consulting business was US$507 million, an increase of 45.5% over the previous year; the completed turnover was US$271 million, an increase of 40.1% over the previous year. A number of companies have also begun to actively participate in international market competition through strategic collaboration, OEM production and other means. More than 50 Henan companies have gone abroad, setting up branches or investing in factories overseas.

3. Several Enlightenments

During the analysis of Henan’s economic development, it can be seen that many practices in Henan’s accelerated economic development can be used as a reference for our province. At least the following are: Some inspirations:

1. Focus on developing the Changjiu Industrial Corridor to create a growth pole in regional economic competition. In recent years, Henan has proposed the construction of a Central Plains urban agglomeration (with Zhengzhou as the center, Luoyang as the sub-center, and nine cities including Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe, and Jiyuan as nodes). It covers an area of ??59,000 square kilometers, a population of 38 million, and a GDP Accounting for about 56% of the province), the implementation of the Central Plains Rise Strategy has had a positive impact on building Henan's regional economic growth pole, enhancing its competitiveness in undertaking the transfer of eastern and even international industries, and improving its status and role in the national strategy of the Rise of the Central Plains. influence and effect. The "Changjiu Industrial Corridor" strategy implemented by our province in 1992, based on giving full play to the comprehensive advantages of Nanchang and Jiujiang's riverside advantages, is conducive to the formation of a large cross industrial layout internally, and can be better achieved externally by participating in the development along the river. Integrate into the Yangtze River Delta and globalization. At present, we should focus on the construction of the Changjiu Industrial Corridor, speed up the connection between Yangtze River Delta, Zhuhai and Fujian, integrate into the globalization process, and strive to promote the rise of Jiangxi in the central region.

2. Take agricultural industrialization as the starting point to improve the efficiency and stamina of agricultural growth. Industrialization is the key to Henan's transformation from a large agricultural province to a strong agricultural province. In the initial stages of food companies such as Sanquan, Siannian and Shuanghui, Henan's rich agricultural product resources provided conditions for their development. Today, these growing food processing companies have become the leading force in Henan's agricultural growth and structural adjustment. As a province with a large proportion of agricultural output value and agricultural population, Jiangxi currently lacks food processing enterprises with sales revenue of more than 10 billion yuan like Henan. It is necessary to establish the concept that supporting leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization is to support agriculture and farmers, and carefully select companies with international and domestic Focus on supporting agricultural industrialization projects that have comparative advantages and have strong radiating power within the province.

3. Focus on the development of manufacturing industry and form a distinctive urban industrial support system.

The industries in Henan’s cities have distinctive characteristics and are highly complementary. Zhengzhou is the intersection of the north-south and east-west corridors, with good comprehensive advantages; Luoyang is my country's manufacturing base; Kaifeng is a famous historical city; Xuchang has advantageous industries such as power equipment, tobacco, and diamonds; Luohe is famous for food, textiles, and papermaking; Coal, machinery, and electric power are the pillar industries; Xinxiang’s textiles, electronics, and electrical appliances; Jiaozuo’s chemical industry, energy industry, and auto parts; Jiyuan’s electric power and aluminum industries, etc., form a relatively complete and developed industrial system in Henan.

Nanchang must enhance the status of its manufacturing industry; Jiujiang must actively develop heavy and chemical industries; Xinyu, Pingxiang, and Yingtan must make their existing ferrous and nonferrous metallurgical bases bigger and stronger; Shangrao, Ganzhou, Fuzhou should take advantage of its location and actively undertake the transfer of manufacturing industries; Yichun and Ji'an should adapt to local conditions and use various favorable factors to develop processing manufacturing; Jingdezhen should revive its glory in ceramic industrialization and accelerate the manufacturing of automobiles, aviation, compressors, etc. develop. It needs to be strengthened from three aspects: First, accelerate the pace of restructuring and reforming the state-owned economy to achieve the goal of quickly becoming stronger and bigger. In some important areas, it is necessary to change from passive reforms to active reforms, speed up the reform process, promote market-oriented selection and employment mechanisms, implement more effective incentive and restraint mechanisms, and enhance the vitality of enterprise development. The second is to adopt a more open attitude and actively undertake the gradient transfer of industries in the east. The third is to proceed from the national interests and strive for the country to have more infrastructure and basic industries deployed in Jiangxi.

4. Use the construction of a technological innovation system as a driving force to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises. Shuanghui uses advanced technology to create an image of "safe meat" to win the hearts and minds of the people and win the market. Last year, it achieved sales revenue of 14 billion yuan; Ancai Group, with its leading technology, ranks first in the world in glass bulb production scale, with a domestic market share of 46%, and has One-third of the products are exported, and last year the company achieved sales revenue of 7.8 billion yuan. Technological innovation is the foundation and guarantee for the development and growth of enterprises. Our province should focus on supporting the establishment of a technological innovation system with enterprise technology centers as the main form, a scientific and technological achievement transformation system with industry-university-research cooperation as a link, and an intermediary system that serves technological innovation for small and medium-sized enterprises.

We must concentrate our efforts to achieve major breakthroughs in optoelectronics, Chinese patent medicines, digital display industries, etc., form a group of core technologies with independent knowledge industries, cultivate a group of enterprises and products with core competitiveness, and enhance competition in the six pillar industries. strength and develop a number of leading industries.