Brief introduction of eunuch and navigator Wang Jinghong in Ming Dynasty. Does Wang Jinghong have any descendants?

When Wang Jinghong was alive (1399 ~ 1402), he rose up with Judy and helped him seize the throne, which won Judy's appreciation. In the third year of Yongle (1405), he was ordered by Cheng Zu to assist Zheng He as an emissary, and led 62 huge ships, more than 27,800 officers and men and sailors to form a huge fleet to the Western Ocean (now west of Kalimantan in Nanyang to the east coast of Africa). The fleet set out from Liujia Port in Suzhou, passed through the East China Sea and the South China Sea, and successively arrived in Zhancheng (now southern Vietnam), Siam (now Thailand), Java, Sumatra and Sanyuan (now Indonesia). The fleet wiped out a group of pirates headed by Chen Zuyi who tried to rob the fleet in Sanfo Qi. After Malaga (now Malacca) to Tianzhu (now India) and Mount Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), it went north to Kizi (now India's Jiaodi), Guri (now India's Coetzee Cote) and Kolkata on the west coast of the Indian Ocean and returned to Kurumus (now Iran's bandar abbas). After more than two years, he returned to Nanjing in September in the fifth year of Yongle (1407). When returning home, most western countries sent envoys with treasures to pay tribute to Nanjing with the fleet.

On September 13th, the fifth year of Yongle, Wang Jinghong and Zheng He once again led the fleet westward, sending envoys from various countries back to China. Use China's silk, porcelain and other things to serve the country. When the fleet passed through Ceylon Mountain, they also made a special trip to the Lifo Temple to burn incense and erect a monument to commemorate it. In July of the seventh year of Yongle (1409), the fleet returned to Nanjing.

In September of the seventh year of Yongle, Wang Jinghong and Zheng He were ordered to go to the Western Ocean for the third time. I have been to Zhancheng, Java, Malaga, Sumatra, Mount Ceylon, Little Gulen (now the southern tip of India) and Guri, and returned to Malaga after arriving in the Bay of Bengal. With the consent of King Malaga, he built walls and warehouses there, and then returned to China.

In the tenth year of Yongle (14 12), Wang Jinghong was ordered to recruit a large number of sailors and shipbuilders along the coast of Fujian and Zhejiang, and supervised the training of naval officers, the construction of seagoing vessels and the construction of Tianfei Palace in Taicang, Changle, Fuzhou and Quanzhou. In the 11th year of Yongle (14 13), Cheng Zu went north to build his capital in Beijing. Wang Jinghong and Prince Zhu Gaochi supervised the country in Nanjing, and were responsible for recruiting sailors and supervising the construction of seagoing ships to prepare for Zheng He's fourth and fifth voyages to the West.

In the 19th year of Yongle (142 1), Wang Jinghong and Zheng He were ordered to go to the Western Ocean for the sixth time to escort the envoys from 17 countries and regions who came to China on the boat during Zheng He's fifth trip to the Western Ocean to return home. At the same time, they distributed brocade, silk, Luo, Qi and silk to kings of various countries. Along the way, 16 countries including Sumatra, Malacca and Bangalore (now Bangladesh) sent 1200 people to China with tributes.

At the end of Yongle, in the fierce battle for the throne, Wang Jinghong was promoted to eunuch because of his active support for Prince Zhu Gaochi, and his successor Wang Zhen was also given thousands of hereditary Nanjing Royal Guards. In the first year of Hongxi (1425), Wang Jinghong was stationed in Nanjing; In August of the same year, together with Zheng He, more than 65,438+10,000 officers and men were selected to build Nanjing Dahongzhi and other temples. In the fourth year of Xuande (1429), Wang Jinghong was inspected by the province as the old palace of Nanjing. In April of the same year, he began to supervise shipbuilding, train sailors and prepare to go to the West again.

In June of the fifth year of Xuande (1430), Wang Jinghong took Zheng He as the eunuch and was ordered to lead the fleet westward for the seventh time. The following year1mid-February, the fleet went to sea from Wumen, and successively arrived in Zhancheng, Java, Malaga, Ceylon Mountain, Hulu Hume and other countries 17. In the meantime, sent a fleet to visit Zufar (now Zuofar) and Adan (now Aden) on the * * * Peninsula; At the same time, an investigation team composed of seven people who are familiar with foreign affairs, trade affairs and translation was sent to pilgrimage to mecca, the holy place of * * * religion, with ships from the Arab Kingdom (now Mecca). In March of the seventh year of Xuande (1432), Zheng He died in Guri. Wang Jinghong led the fleet to help the coffin return. More than a dozen western countries sent envoys to pay tribute to Beijing with the fleet.

In June of the 9th year of Xuande (1434), Wang Jinghong was ordered to lead a fleet to Southeast Asian countries as plenipotentiary minister. The fleet arrived in Sumatra first and then in Java. After returning home, King Sumatra sent his brother Hanihan to pay tribute to Beijing with the fleet. In February of the first year of orthodoxy (1436), Yingzong ordered Wang Jinghong to stop purchasing and building and not to make foreign countries. In his later years, Wang Jinghong devoted himself to sorting out navigation materials, and wrote books such as Water Margin Journey to the West. The year of death is unknown.

Wang Jinghong made six missions to the West, covering more than 30 countries and 60 regions. Every time I go abroad, I carry gold, silver, silk, copper, iron and various handicrafts with me, communicate with foreign countries, develop trade relations between China and Asian and African countries, open up the "Maritime Silk Road", promote economic, cultural, scientific and technological exchanges between China and Asian countries, and enhance friendship.

People's political achievements Wang Jinghong was once a garrison in Nanjing with remarkable political achievements.

1August, 424, Emperor Renzong of Ming Dynasty ordered Wang Jinghong and his officers and men to guard Nanjing. In September, the Nanjing Guard was established, and Zheng He and Wang Jinghong were in charge. During their tenure, they and Xiangcheng Bo Li Long were in charge of Nanjing military affairs; It was ordered that "the prefect should make up for any leaks in the palaces and courtyards during the Ninth Five-Year Plan". Wang Jinghong renovated the Ming Palace Museum in Nanjing. Da Hongzhi, which was delayed for many years during the reign of Xuande in Ming Dynasty, was not completed. Ming Xuanzong ordered Zheng He and Wang Jinghong to supervise attentively, and the completion was limited to1August 428. Wang Jinghong cooperated with Zheng He and finally built Hongzhi Emperor as scheduled. 1429, Wang Jinghong was appointed to be responsible for the daily life of Wang Yu. "A Record of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty" contains: "Eunuch Wang Jinghong and others moved to Wang Yu Palace in order to live in old Nanjing as soon as possible. Whenever clothes and food are needed at dusk, they are given by the inner government on schedule, but they are still sent to save people from being left out in the cold. "

After Zheng He's death, Wang Jinghong was still in charge of the training of Nanjing Navy. The Record of Ming Yingzong (1435) said, "Please take 400 Feng Wei clippers as warships and make Zheng Chen the commander-in-chief to control water. Wang Jinghong, the eunuch stationed in the garrison, intends to do this. " Wang Jinghong is a native of Liaocun Village, Chishui Town, Zhangping, Fujian. Fujian is a region rich in marine traditions. Quanzhou, Fujian Province was a world-famous trading port during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Wang Jinghong, who grew up in Sri Lanka, has great advantages in sailing. During his voyage to the West, he was responsible for the management of routes and fleets, focusing on a series of work such as shipbuilding, seamen selection and route confirmation. In his later years, Wang Jinghong compiled a maritime monograph, The Journey to the West, which was later lost among the people and copied, and became a "secret book" for sailors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Wang Jinghong has made great contributions to the development of navigation in China.

During his garrison in Nanjing, Wang Jinghong was in charge of the internal affairs of the palace together with Zheng He, and presided over the construction and repair of palaces and temples many times, with rich architectural talents. Before going abroad for the seventh time, Ming Xuanzong also presented poems to Wang Jinghong, saying that he was "the person who was most loyal to his life in the past". Among the ministers, only Zheng He and Wang Jinghong can get poems from the emperor.

Wang Jinghong was once the "Commander-in-Chief" of Nanjing Transportation.

Zheng He went to the Western Ocean for the seventh time and unfortunately died in Guri. Wang Jinghong took on the heavy responsibility of leading the whole fleet, and it took more than three months to take the whole fleet back to the motherland. At this point, Zheng He's seven voyages to the West, which lasted for 28 years, came to an end. In the 28-year-long material exchange between the Ming Dynasty and overseas countries, a large number of imported goods were brought back. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing was already very rich in materials. Except a small part of them were used to reward those who made meritorious voyages to the Western Seas, there were a large number of inventory items that needed to be transported to Beijing urgently. At this time, Wang Jinghong, who is also an ambassador to the West, undertook the aftermath of a large number of materials and personnel placement. Wang Jinghong acted as the "commander-in-chief" to transport the materials of Nanjing Imperial Library to Beijing. According to Volume 15 of A Record of Ming Yingzong, "Ding Maoshuo, Nanjing garrison eunuch, Wang Jinghong in March of the sixth year of orthodoxy (1436), collected property every year, more than hearing that Nanjing Yongyong carried Baku, fearing that it would be destroyed year after year and become a burden to save the imperial secretary". "The first year of orthodoxy (1436) in March, Shen Jia, Wang Jinghong, etc. Send 3 million Jin of pepper and sappan wood to the official warehouse and send them to Beijing to pay, so there is no need to make trouble along the way. " According to Volume 18 of Records of Ming Yingzong, "In June of the first year of orthodoxy, Nanjing transported pepper and Soviet clippers to Beijing with 65,438 +000". As can be seen from the above records, Wang Jinghong's execution of the emperor's instructions is so vigorous. Imagine using 100 clippers to transport 3 million Jin of pepper and sappan from Nanjing to Yangzhou Grand Canal via the Yangtze River and transport them to Beijing. What a spectacular scene, which reproduces the busy scene of the Grand Canal in the early Ming Dynasty.

Wang Jinghong's tomb has been a garrison in Nanjing for a long time and his residence is in Nanjing. Wang Zhen, the son of Wang Jinghong, inherited thousands of royal guards. Wang Jinghong's final destination in his later years should be in Nanjing. His time of death was about two years (1437). Because there is no record in Lu and other historical books that Wang Jinghong has been orthodox for two years. At this time, Wang Jinghong was old and had no record of persecution. In Nanjing, where I have lived for a long time, it is natural to die of old age. As for the burial place of Wang Jinghong, the author infers that it should also be in the area of Niushou Mountain. There are many famous temples in Niushoushan area, which are closely related to senior eunuchs. Zheng He, a good friend of Wang Jinghong, gave alms to Buddha Cave Temple in Niushou Mountain many times before his death, and was given a burial in Niushou Mountain after his death. The pyramid-shaped mound and the Hongjue Temple Tower in the mountain form a central axis, showing a close relationship. Many eunuchs of Zheng He's contemporaries were also buried near Niushou Mountain. Luo Zhi, the Nanjing garrison eunuch, was buried in Jingming Temple in the north of Niushou Mountain. Yang Shouzang, the eunuch in charge of the prison, was buried in Puying Temple. Jin Ying, the eunuch of Jian 'an, was buried on Xishan Bridge not far away. Wang Jinghong's subsequent eunuchs also chose Niushou Mountain as the center and buried them in an auspicious place. Not long ago, Qing Yang, the eunuch of Xuande, was found near Niushou Mountain. Wang Jinghong followed Zheng He for a long time and had deep feelings for him. Buried near an old man's cemetery is most in line with Wang Jinghong's mood in his later years. I hope that the tomb of Wang Jinghong can be found in the near future.

Hometown According to "Ningyang County Records Guan Zhong" (Kangxi 31st edition), "Wang Jinghong, a native of Jining, was lucky enough to set up a royal library during Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, and endowed Wang Zhen as an heir, bearing thousands of Nanjing Royal Guards". This is the earliest record of Wang Jinghong's hometown, which is 47 years earlier than Zhang's Biography of Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, in the three-year edition of "Longyan Prefecture Records, People and Officials", it is also recorded that "Wang Jinghong is a Jixian person in Longyan".

"Wu Fuzhi Xun in Zhangzhou" clearly records "Wang Jinghong, a native of Liao in Jixian County". Xiangliao Village is located at the junction of Zhangping, Longyan and Yong 'an in Fujian Province. It has jurisdiction over 6 natural villages with 1587 people and 89 surnames. It is a famous "people's village" in China. According to field research by Cao, director of zhangping city Tourism Bureau, and Luo Xuansheng, curator of zhangping city Museum, Wang Jinghong is from Xujiashan Natural Village, Xiangliao Village. According to the local elderly, there were more than 200 people in the heyday of Xujiashan. Due to war and banditry, it has now become an abandoned village. The former sites of large-scale ancient residential groups can be seen everywhere in the village, as well as residual wall foundations, stone mortars, stone foundations, ceramic fragments and gravel flagpoles. Go up in smoke, descendants of Wang Jinghong. Fortunately, in the inscription of Xiangshan Bridge rebuilt in the 24th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 19), a list of silver donations from Wang Jinghong's family in Xujiashan was found, including Wang's and Wang Zhitong's. Guo Jian Zi Wang Yuan Bo, Wang Dayuan, Wang Yansi; Gong Sheng Wang Dianwen; Ten people including Wang, Wang, Wang Guoren donated 47 taels of silver. It can be seen that in the late Qing Dynasty, the Wang family in Xujiashan was still very prosperous in humanities and population.

Related Poems Ming Xuanzong wrote a long poem "Poetry for Eunuch Wang Jinghong" for him, and the content view is on the right.

Later generations' Records of Ningyang County Guanzhong recorded that Wang Jinghong had the merit of establishing the Crown Prince and gave thousands of inheritance of Nanjing Royal Guards to his successor Wang Zhen. Wang Jinghong was a eunuch, but historical data showed that he had an heir, Wang Zhen. Wang Zhen is the military attache of Zhengqianhu (Zhengwupin), leading 1 120 soldiers. Obviously, Wang Jinghong followed Zheng He's example and adopted a son from his family as a descendant. This situation has become a habit among eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty. For a long time, the descendants after Wang Zhen were unknown. Recently, Mr. Cao, an expert on Wang Jinghong's hometown, wrote to inform the latest historical materials that Wang Jinghong's descendants have lived in Ning for 200 years. The Selected Book of Military Professions in Ming Dynasty Health Institutes is a register that records the change of officials in Beijing health institutes in Ming Dynasty, and it is a precious historical material to understand the life and family background of Wu Zhi personnel in Ming Dynasty. Transcribed as follows:

The first generation: In the twentieth year of Yongle, Wang Zhen chose to go to the Western Ocean on business with eunuch Wang Jinghong, and captured the thorn of fake Wang Sugan, that is, returned his meritorious service. In the 22nd year of Yongle, it was promoted to a thousand households in Zuofu, a Royal Guards. Xuande died seven years ago. A childless man. Wang Ying is Wang Zhen's brother, and he is a full member of the Royal Guard. (attacking the king for thousands of households)

The second generation (Chenghua period): Wang Xun, a native of Longyan County (now zhangping city, Fujian Province), was the eldest son of Wang Ying, the father of thousands of hereditary families in Nanjing Royal Guards Naval Academy.

Three Dynasties (Hongzhi period): Chen Wang, a native of Longyan County, was the eldest son of Wangzhen, the hereditary father of thousands of households in Nanjing Jinyiwei Water Army.

Four Dynasties (Jiajing period): Wang Xuan, a native of Longyao County, was the eldest son of a thousand old hereditary princes in Nanjing Jinyiwei Naval Academy.

Five Dynasties (Jiajing period): Wang Xin, a native of Longyan County, was the oldest male selected by thousands of kings of Jinyi in Wei Jinyi, Nanjing.

Six Dynasties (Wanli Period): Wang, a native of Longyao County, is the oldest male among thousands of households in Ningjinyizuo.

Seven Dynasties (Wanli period): Wang's eldest grandson, an old man with all kinds of diseases, fought in this house where the Yi people were rich in rice and wheat, and his salary was deducted.

Eight Dynasties (Chongzhen period): Wang, the eldest son of Zheng Qianhu.

According to the above historical data, Wang Zhen, the son of Wang Jinghong, made repeated military exploits in the western regions and was promoted to Qianhu. From the first generation to the fourth generation, they served in Nanjing Royal Guards Water Army, and later they were transferred to the ground forces. The sixth generation king was also punished for multiple pills. Through the analysis of the archives of Selected Books of Wu Zhi, it can be verified that Wang Jinghong's descendants have lived in Nanjing for more than 200 years, with eight generations. From the early Ming Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty, there were thousands of people in the Royal Guards. Due to the war in the late Ming Dynasty, whether Wang Jinghong's descendants died in the war or moved back to their original places after eight generations remains to be found in updated historical materials, and more scholars are expected to provide new evidence.