Methods of collecting written materials

Qin Mu, a famous prose writer, said: "A writer should have three warehouses: one is to hold materials obtained from life; A warehouse containing indirect materials, that is, materials obtained from books and materials; The other is the daily collection of people's languages warehouse. With these three articles, it is better to write. " Faced with writing, junior high school students often lack writing materials, which makes them miserable. Indeed, many students live in a narrow living space and have narrow contact with social life, which leads to students' perceptual degradation, lack of imagination and lack of emotion. Some teachers arrange students to observe life carefully every day and keep a diary every day in order to let students accumulate materials; Some arrange to extract excellent words and phrases and good passages from American literature; Some talk about the methods of collecting composition materials in class. But is there any obvious effect? Keeping a diary becomes a running account and completes the teacher's task; Beautiful words are only written in books, not internalized as their own; Talking about technical methods is even more empty and powerless. Relatively speaking, there is a "short board" in the collection of writing materials. "Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education" points out in the "curriculum concept": "Actively advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods." Teachers should give students time and rights, let students fully accumulate and think about materials, and give students the opportunity to fully enrich composition materials. When the conditions are met, students will naturally be excited when they move, and their enthusiasm for participation will be high, and their participation will be greatly improved. Only by actively, actively and excitedly participating in the learning process can individuals develop. So how to make students actively, actively and excitedly collect writing materials? In the usual composition teaching, I try to write a composition every semester in a planned way, and arrange the topic for each composition a few days in advance, so that students can collect as many relevant writing materials as possible through various channels according to the requirements of the composition, thus enriching the writing materials. The collection methods of materials mainly focus on three aspects: 1 and actual investigation. 2. Get information. 3. Review past life experiences. After N times of practice, students' enthusiasm for collecting writing materials is high, their enthusiasm and initiative are obviously improved compared with before, their interest in writing is strong, and the quality of composition is naturally improved. The specific implementation steps are as follows: 1. There is an important concept in Ausubel's educational psychology: meaningful learning. He believes that effective learning must be meaningful, and meaningful learning is the key to the combination of receptive learning and inquiry learning. Based on Ausubel's meaningful learning theory, reflecting on Chinese teaching in China will find that no matter in the past or now, a large number of mechanical learning and meaningless learning are full of Chinese teaching, especially composition teaching, which often appears disorderly. The Curriculum Standard emphasizes inquiry learning, which is to change the situation that Chinese teaching is teacher-centered, classroom-centered and book-centered, and to promote students' active and personalized learning under the guidance of teachers. So I pay more attention to students' autonomy and selective learning in composition teaching. Therefore, in view of the current situation that students feel the most difficult in writing-the lack of materials, a writing plan is made at the beginning of each semester, and corresponding composition questions are arranged according to different grades, including big compositions and small compositions. Each composition will be arranged one week in advance, and students are required to collect relevant materials extensively and make records. For example, this semester, I taught the third grade, and according to the characteristics of the graduating class students and the task of the senior high school entrance examination, I listed some composition questions for the students: snow; A touching smile; Reward yourself; Bear; A feeling of reading; Should not be lost; There is a saying in my heart; Every day is a poem; Let the heart blossom and so on. There are scenes, arguments, narratives and metaphors; There are propositions and semi-propositions; There are short questions and long questions. For students, the materials collected according to these topics greatly reduce the difficulty of their writing. With materials to write and materials to choose from, it is easier to write true feelings, and it is easier to get the joy of writing success and inspire their confidence and interest to continue. Therefore, arranging composition questions in a planned way will build a platform for students to accumulate materials from all aspects, so as to cultivate students to consciously enrich writing materials, pay attention to reality, love life, express their true feelings and create good conditions for students' sustainable development. Second, collect materials in different ways. Some scholars say that the extension of Chinese studies is equal to the extension of life. Students live a narrow life, and the depth and breadth of contact with social life are far from enough, but this does not mean that students are divorced from social life. From campus to home, there is also a vast living area for students to find composition materials. In a sense, the process of students' composition is the reprocessing process of social life, and it is also the only way for students to know life, feel life and sublimate their emotions. American educator Peter Klein said: "The three elements of learning are connection, comprehensive analysis and practical participation." Participation is the basic guarantee for students to achieve active development. Therefore, the essence of writing a good article is that only by observing, thinking, actively participating and capturing the writing materials in life practice can we write a good article that is "true, real and interesting". So, how can we mobilize students to participate in the collection of materials? In my opinion, strategies and methods can be mainly developed around three aspects, namely, actual investigation, access to information and review of past life experiences. After assigning composition questions, students' psychological cognitive conflicts are triggered, which makes them in a state of "unable to figure out, but speaking in words, capable". At the same time, teachers should decentralize, leave time for students, give them opportunities to think, do and check, and let them collect writing materials extensively around the topic of composition. 1, practical investigation. Tolstoy once said: "It is a writer's law to observe the objects he describes with inner eyes and create works in this way." Every day in life, something new, unforgettable and meaningful happens, and some things are among them. This kind of opportunity of personal practice and investigation can master more first-hand information and trigger students' inner world more easily. However, arranging relevant composition questions before the actual investigation can attract students' intentional attention, concentrate more, collect more information and reserve it, and lay a solid foundation for writing. Maybe a material excavated from personal experience can't be collected after reading for several years. Therefore, teachers should create as many opportunities for students to practice as possible. For example, a series of activities carried out by our school at ordinary times: Cheng Peng, the first person in China Thanksgiving Education, "Don't let the people who love you down" Thanksgiving education activities; Cao Wenxuan report meeting; "Little Guardian of Environmental Protection" We will join hands with * * to create a green earth activity; Zhu's "So that's it-Ye Chuan" was launched; Xu, secretary of the Party Committee of Jiangsu Normal University and professor of aesthetics, gave a lecture: carry forward the firm but gentle attitude and realize the ideal of life. Every activity, I informed the students in advance, arranged the composition requirements for the students, guided them to actively participate, listened carefully, communicated with celebrities, made records, and reported and communicated in groups in class in time, so the students dug up a lot of materials. After listening to Professor Xu's lecture, some students wrote the composition "Never Out of Date", from which they realized that everything that stood the test of time was true, and he was supported and understood by the people. Some students wrote the article "Real Hero", and deeply felt that the hero's breath emanated from the bottom of my heart and the heroic spirit penetrated from the soul. Some students wrote the article "Thinking with a Bright Sword", which talked about the wonderful experience of our struggling life. The joy of life lies in challenging difficulties and surpassing yourself. I feel relaxed and happy when I read every composition of students, which is the expression of students' true feelings and the result of students' enlightenment. As a teacher, reading these compositions is really a pleasure. In fact, this is a good performance from the topic of composition, guiding students to practice and collecting rich writing materials. In addition to campus life, family life and community life can be practiced and investigated, which can guide students to observe familiar people and things purposefully, planned and continuously, and let their minds actively carry out activities with vision and hearing. You can also make full use of holidays and social practice opportunities to travel abroad, return home to visit relatives or conduct social surveys to expand the source of writing materials. Then from point to surface, from school to society, we can see the essence through phenomena, taste the hardships of life and understand the philosophy of life. Guide students to observe life from all directions and angles with a comprehensive and dialectical vision and understand the society, so that they can naturally collect rich writing materials, so that they are not afraid of nothing to say and unsuccessful writing. 2. Get information. 2 1 century is an era of information explosion, and there are a lot of living materials for students to choose from on the internet, newspapers, magazines, movies and television. These media can provide a new way for middle school students to care about state affairs, grasp the pulse of the times and collect accumulated materials. Chinese teachers can use this platform to guide students to collect relevant materials around the topic of composition, encourage students to search as much as possible, extract them in time or summarize them in their own words, and then classify them and copy them down. For example, I assign the composition topic "Commitment" and ask students to consult the materials after class and write an argumentative essay. When the students heard that they could consult the information, they were all full of energy and eager to try. A few days later, the materials collected by the students were infinitely rich: 20 1 1 Meng Peijie, an ordinary girl who touched one of the top ten figures in China, bravely undertook and abided by the deeds of filial piety; Wu Juping, the most beautiful mother, dares to take responsibility, captures life and supports the traditional virtues of youth, youth and youth. Chen Jinshui, a native of Zhejiang, thinks that "the meteorological cause of the motherland is above all else" and has made pioneering contributions to the meteorological cause of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There are curies who refine radium, curies who devote themselves to science, and so on. This kind of visit, students not only read more books, accumulate more materials, and write good compositions easily, but also help to improve their ideological consciousness, enhance their sense of responsibility, and distinguish the true, the good and the beautiful from the false, the evil and the ugly. Of course, reading extracurricular books is also an important way to enrich students' writing materials and improve their language expression. In view of the fact that students may unconsciously read extracurricular books for some reasons, I have arranged students' feelings after reading in a planned way. At one time, students were required to read the same book or article for half an hour every day. After reading, the students communicate with each other and write reading notes or comments after reading. Teach students to draw nutrition from famous works, accumulate rich materials and improve their writing ability. At the same time, extensive reading can increase your reading and broaden your horizons. 3. Review past life experiences and find writing materials from life. On the surface, students' life is dull, but by reviewing their past experiences, we can look for dull artistic conception from dull places and collect writing materials. Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator, said: "Life is like a source, and articles are like a stream. The source is abundant and inexhaustible, and the stream is naturally lively. " In real life, there are things that touch our heartstrings every day. Emotions and sorrows are always the symphony of life. Social life gives everyone a stage to live and show. Middle school students are not bystanders and outsiders in life, but also people who actively participate in life, feel life and create life. In our home, in our campus and in the society, as long as we remember with a sincere heart, we will always find this beautiful feeling of social life. Of course, in reality, middle school students will not only feel the warmth of family and friendship, but also experience failure, disappointment and loneliness. Only by searching these memories from the brain, extracting rich materials, integrating these true feelings into the composition, and calmly thinking about life, can we write beautiful articles and enhance life experience. Assign the composition topic "There is a sentence in my heart" and ask students to recall the words that left a deep impression on them in their past lives and record the memory materials. Choosing the most familiar and wonderful materials to write has produced many excellent compositions. For example, a classmate takes the most common phrase "everyone is responsible for protecting the environment" as the most important sentence in his heart, and calls on everyone to keep this sentence in mind with the behavior of destroying the environment he witnessed during his trip, protecting the environment with practical actions, and warning all mankind to pay attention to our home and save the earth. Classmate B: Mom's sentence, "Son, be strong!" " "Unforgettable words, when you encounter misfortune, competitive scenes and learning confusion, give yourself a bright light, illuminate the direction, and cultivate a strong and optimistic attitude towards life. Student C: Write a student's sincere request to the teacher: "Smile, teacher. "This has become a vocabulary in every student's heart. Because for a while, students found out that something had happened to the teacher's family, and the teacher was in a bad mood because of the complicated educational affairs. The students sincerely hope that the teacher will be strong enough to tide over the difficulties, and the deep feelings between teachers and students are beyond words. It can be seen that life is rich and emotions are diverse. Therefore, by arranging composition questions, students are guided to review relevant life situations, which arouses them to re-understand and rethink life, and produces strong emotional resonance, which greatly enriches students' writing materials and makes students' exercises full of interest. It also provides favorable conditions and broad space for students to write independently, which greatly improves students' interest in writing. However, the three methods of collecting writing materials are not used separately every time. After arranging the composition questions in advance, students can choose one, two or three methods they like according to their own situation, and collect materials from different ranges and angles in the fastest or more ways. You can also divide the whole class into three groups according to the characteristics of the composition questions, and each group collects writing materials in one way and makes records. In addition, on the basis of a single student's collection of writing materials, it is also a convenient way to discuss and communicate in groups and even exchange excellent writing materials with the whole class. As the saying goes, when people gather firewood, the flames are high. A person's living space is limited, and the collective wisdom is infinite. Divide the whole class into several study groups. Each student communicates, listens to each other, discusses each other and makes up for each other according to the materials collected by the composition questions. Typical and excellent materials are communicated in the whole class. This is a process of brainstorming, a process of taking its essence and removing its dross, and a process of enriching writing materials. Every time, after the students arrange the composition questions in advance, they collect three to five to a dozen materials. Through this process, students can better improve their writing materials, and then choose the most vivid and meaningful materials for writing. Students will feel at home when writing their compositions. There will be no more "bitter writing" in the form of "breaking the wall for ten years", but "happy writing" in the form of "flowing water from the source". In short, a good composition should have a good theme and rich content, which is inseparable from the accumulation of materials. Starting with the topic of composition, through the methods of actual investigation, consulting materials and reviewing past life experiences, we set up a composition class to guide students to mobilize their eyes, brains and hands, observe, practice, recall and think about life, read more extracurricular books, actively, actively and excitedly collect rich writing materials, and generate a strong writing impulse, thus writing a good article. Moreover, it is more targeted to start with the composition questions, which abandons the fuzziness and blindness of students' material selection. Fundamentally solve the problem that many students either have a blank mind or are "old millet rotten sesame seeds" when writing material selection. Therefore, this practice can not only enrich students' writing materials and deepen their perception and experience of the surrounding life, but also develop students' personality and enrich their spiritual world, so as to feel the interest of life, gain beneficial enlightenment to nature, society and life, and gradually cultivate students' multi-angle and creative emotional experience. 1. Pay attention to accumulation in work and life and take notes at any time. 2. Read more classic works and intercept material elements. 3. Add qq group about writing. There are generally some writing materials in the group. 4. Check the websites related to writing, such as Xiaoxiang Academy and Writer's Material Network.