Wuyishan Spring Festival custom

First, sacrifice the stove

Sacrificing a kitchen stove is also called sending a kitchen god. On the night of the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, housewives put a sumptuous meal on the stove (now mostly on the kitchen counter), including chicken, duck, fish, eggs and so on, with ten bowls. Two bowls are fixed dishes, one bowl must be sugar cane, and the other bowl is dessert, commonly known as "cooking material". After the dishes are set, ten little red wine glasses are lined up on the table, with antique red flagons beside them. After the preparatory work is done, it is necessary to start offering sacrifices to the stove. Take off the old portrait, paste a new portrait of Zhao's in-laws, and then pour wine and burn incense. Thank Zhao's in-laws for giving us rich food in the past year and pray that Zhao's in-laws will continue to bless our family in the new year. The sacrificial stove kicked off the Chinese New Year. After the sacrifice, we will prepare for the New Year. Every household is busy cleaning, putting up New Year pictures, putting up Spring Festival couplets, buying new clothes and buying new year's goods, and the market is beginning to be filled with the atmosphere of the New Year.

Step 2 spend the next year

Off-year refers to the twelfth month. The red lantern has been hung, and the feeling of "Spring Festival is coming" is very strong. After burning incense that night, the whole family sat together for a reunion dinner and prepared for the New Year.

3. New Year's Eve

New Year's Eve is the most exciting. No matter how busy the wanderer is, he will come back for family reunion tonight. After burning incense, I began to eat New Year's Eve. A table of food, a room full of joy. Eat rice cakes and say auspicious words. The new year is full of beautiful dreams. Eat rice cakes. Because rice cakes are homophonic "year high", eating rice cakes during the Spring Festival means that everything goes well all the year round. The styles of rice cakes are square yellow and white rice cakes, which symbolize gold and silver and express the meaning of making a fortune in the New Year. After eating the rice cake, the adults "attacked the square city" and the children laughed and played, which was very lively. Everyone is waiting for the moment to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new.

1. Ryan

Opening the floodgate is also called opening the floodgate. The person who opens the door must be the head of the family, usually the father. I hope he can bring good luck and happiness to everyone in the new year. Opening the gate at 0: 00 on New Year's Eve, burning incense, lighting candles and setting off firecrackers at the same time not only indicates the beginning of the new year, but also prays for good luck and harmony. At the time of "Ryan", before dawn, every household was brightly lit, cigarettes filled the air, firecrackers broke out one after another, and at that time it was very lively.

In recent years, cities have banned the setting off of fireworks and firecrackers, and replaced them with tapes recording the sound of firecrackers. However, at the opening ceremony, every household still set off firecrackers happily, and they were greeted with smiles when they were fined by the public security department. It is worthwhile to violate discipline at this important moment.

Worship the gods

Sacrificing to the gods is an indispensable and important ceremony after enlightenment. Offering sacrifices to gods mainly includes offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, family gods and ancestors. Before the sacrifice, the sacrifices were arranged in advance on a long list in the hall. The offerings are generally wine, fruit (mostly oranges or oranges), rice cakes, and "New Year's rice" with red paper flowers and flowers. When offering sacrifices to the gods, the elders in the family will preside over them. The whole family will wear new styles of clothes. First of all, they will worship the gods of heaven and earth, burn incense and candles, burn gold paper, and pray for family harmony, good luck and longevity in the new year. That is the so-called "Praying for the New Year with God". Then worship the ancestors according to their generations.

Fourth, the first month

The diet on the first day of the first month is very particular. It is common to eat "New Year's rice" (New Year's rice), noodles, rice cakes and vegetarian dishes. Generally speaking, if you don't cook a new meal on the first morning of the first year, it is good luck to eat the "next year's meal". Eating noodles means longevity; New year's cake means high every year; Vegetarianism is related to worshipping God and Buddha to show piety and pray for peace and happiness for a year. There is a saying: "One meal is fast, and there is no disaster in four seasons; If you fast for a day, disaster will not come. " Breakfast must be noodles and noodles, accompanied by two "Taiping eggs", symbolizing a long and safe life for one year.

On this day, adults and children wear new clothes happily, or rest at home or play in public places, but they don't go door to door. Traditionally, New Year greetings are not paid on the first day.

1. Happy New Year

You can pay a New Year call from the second day of junior high school. Paying New Year greetings, also known as "worship", "congratulations" and "celebrating the Spring Festival", is one of the important activities of the Spring Festival.

In their own homes, after worshipping their ancestors, the younger generation pays New Year greetings to their elders in turn. Most of them just say things like "Happy New Year" and "Long life". The elders say auspicious words like "peace".

When greeting relatives and friends in the New Year, guests bow to their hosts and wish them all the best, family peace and prosperity in the New Year. The host also bowed to congratulate them. The popular greeting is "send together, send together". When children go to pay New Year greetings to their relatives, they usually get a "lucky money" and at least two oranges. Therefore, as the saying goes, "you can have money without oranges."

Go to the teacher's house to pay a New Year call and say "Happy New Year" and "Congratulations" and quit. Generally do not accept hospitality. If you go to a friend's house to pay a New Year call, you can make yourself at home. The host waited for the guests with cigarettes, tea, candy and oranges. Ordinary acquaintances, when they meet on the road, will also say some auspicious words such as "Congratulations on getting rich".

If an old man with the same surname celebrates his birthday, he should send birthday noodles when visiting the New Year, which is also called birthday worship.

There are even lion dance teams (commonly known as "lion beating") going home to pay New Year's greetings. Every time I arrive, it is very popular. They should set off firecrackers to greet them and give them red envelopes when they leave. The lion dance team is still dancing in the street or in the square, and the gongs and drums are loud and lively.

play

There are many entertainment activities in the Spring Festival. Large-scale entertainment activities mainly include lion dance, dragon dance, walking on stilts and dragon lantern dance. And watching plays and solving riddles on lanterns, and playing four-color cards, mahjong, Pai Gow and gambling for fun.

Light the lamp

Generally speaking, from the ninth day of the first month, the lantern market began to be lively, and after the thirteenth day of the first month, almost every door was covered with lanterns. It is an ancient custom to give lanterns to newly married women on the Lantern Festival, with the purpose of "adding people". If a married woman doesn't have a boy, her mother's family will give her a lantern with Guanyin at the beginning of the first month, which means to send her to Ding. If a man has been born after marriage, his mother's family can send all kinds of lights, which are called "Tiandingzi".

There are many kinds of lights: lanterns, knife-closing lights, lotus lights, rabbit lights, dice lights, money drum lights and pancake lights. Dragon lantern is the most popular program in Lantern Festival. The length of the dragon lantern is 10 foot, with a head and a tail. Nine or eleven sections of the dragon body are covered with long silk scales, and each section burns candles, attracting Yi Deng balls. A dozen people dance together, bending and circling, beating gongs and drums back and forth with the light balls, which is huge. Dragon lanterns patrol the streets at midnight, and people who set off firecrackers to welcome them will enter the family courtyard to dance for people to watch. After the dance, the host will give them a small gift as a thank you. This kind of dragon lantern is called "Dancing Taiping Dragon Lantern".

other

Zhuang people

The Spring Festival of Zhuang nationality lasts for three days from the 30th to the first and second days of the first month. On New Year's Eve, everyone kills chickens and ducks, steamed braised pork, lean meat powder and barbecued pork. The rice on New Year's Eve should be steamed a lot, which symbolizes wealth. There should be boiled chicken on the dining table, families with old people, stewed pig's trotters and whole chicken. Zongzi is an indispensable food for Zhuang people during the Spring Festival, but it is not eaten on the evening of the 30th. Zongzi of Zhuang nationality is aristocratic food, one or two kilograms big and two or three ounces small. In addition, there is another kind called "Feng Mo", which means extra-large zongzi, weighing ten or twenty Jin. Zongzi is delicious. On the first and second days of the first month, guests will eat zongzi. During the Spring Festival, cultural and sports activities such as singing, spinning, dancing and ball games will be held.

The Tibetan New Year

According to Tibetan scholars, in ancient times, Tibet celebrated the New Year not at the turn of winter and spring, but in summer. "Wheat ripens at the beginning of the year", "Under the snow-capped mountains, wheat turns yellow, Happy New Year." Now, in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, there is a tradition of "looking for fruit" before the autumn harvest. People wear ancient costumes, ride horses, pray in circles along the harvested highland barley, ride horses and shoot arrows, dance around the bonfire, and entertain themselves and the local patron saint. According to legend, this is a relic of the Chinese New Year in June in ancient Tibet.

There is also the New Year in the Tibetan calendar on the first day of October, "the wheat harvest is the beginning of the year." The Kampot (Linzhi) area, 400 kilometers east of Lhasa, is surrounded by snow-capped mountains and virgin forests. It is still the first day of October in the Tibetan calendar and is called Kampot Lotha. According to the history of Tibet, the Kampot region has a very long history. Bonism, the primitive religion of Tibet, was very popular here long before the establishment of the Tubo Dynasty. The Tibetan calendar celebrates the New Year in October, which originated in those ancient times.

Around the 3rd century A.D./KLOC-0, when the sagar Dynasty ruled Tibet, Tibetans celebrated the New Year in the first month of the Tibetan calendar. However, farmers usually celebrate the New Year on the first day of1February, which is called "Solang Losa". Because of the first month of the Tibetan calendar, the spring is budding and the farming is busy, farmers are not in the mood for the New Year.

Put on the most beautiful clothes and the most precious jewelry in the new year. Even people with poor economic conditions should prepare a robe or one or two rough decorations for the New Year, which is called "Saju" in Tibetan, that is, new clothes. These, of course, come from the nature of Tibetans who love beauty. But there is also a saying that Qu Jie, the god king Xin, wants to observe human life through a bronze mirror. Everyone is dressed up beautifully. He is happy, giving some benefits to the world. Wearing rags, he is depressed and brings disaster and plague. Therefore, wearing new clothes during the Spring Festival is to please the king of God.

On the third day of the first month, Lhasa people came out of the noisy market in droves to the Aquarius Mountain in the eastern suburbs and Wang Yao in the western suburbs, and planted flags and hung banners to worship mountain gods and water gods.

On the fifth day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar, farmers in the suburbs of Lhasa will hold a grand ploughing ceremony. Farmers wear holiday clothes, and strong cows are dressed more beautifully, with ghee patterns on their foreheads, red flags and colorful feathers on their horns, colorful satin on their shoulders, shells and turquoise on the satin, and colorful ribbons on their tails. It is no exaggeration to describe them as "beautifully dressed".

the Mongol nationality

The Mongolians always advocate white, so they call the first month of the lunar calendar "Bai Yue" and the Spring Festival "White Festival". Preparations for the Mongolian New Year began on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. In addition to cleaning, bathing and arranging yurts, people have to put on new clothes, Ma Peihong tassels and new saddles. Give the whole cow and sheep to their closest relatives and friends with Hada. Eat "hand-grabbed meat" on New Year's Eve to show family reunion. In the early morning of the first day of the first lunar month, we first propose a toast to our elders and then propose a toast to our peers. Friends and relatives exchange Hada to congratulate you on your good luck in the new year. The first day to pay New Year greetings to elders must be in the morning.

Bai (ba)

Bai people began to worship each other and give each other gifts on New Year's Eve. After midnight, young men and women rushed to fetch water as a sign of thrift. In the morning, the family drank syrup soaked in rice flowers, wishing the days were sweeter than honey. After breakfast, the children, led by adults, go to relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year greetings to their elders. Playing dragon lanterns, lion dances and whipping the overlord are essential activities in the festival.

Cloth (BY)

Buyi people should prepare festival foods such as Baba and rice wine before New Year's Eve, and stay up until dawn on New Year's Eve. As soon as the cock crowed at dawn, the girls ran to the river to fetch water. Whoever takes the first sip of water shows that she is the most hardworking and happy.

Korean nation

On New Year's Eve, the Han family stayed up all night, and the ancient music of Gayeqin and flute brought people into the New Year. During the festival, men, women and children indulge in singing and dancing, and hold competitions such as springboard pressing and tug-of-war. A traditional celebration was held on the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month. Several elected old people boarded the "moon-watching frame" to see the bright moon first, which symbolizes the health, progress and all the best for future generations. Then, everyone danced around the lighted "moon viewing frame", accompanied by long drums, flutes and suona music.

Daur

The Daur people call the Spring Festival "Agne". On the morning of New Year's Eve, every family cleaned the courtyard and made a tall crib with sundries and livestock manure in front of the gate. After the chimney is lit at night, the air is filled with faint smoke, and the festive atmosphere is everywhere. Old people throw large pieces of meat, steamed stuffed buns, jiaozi and other foods into the fire, wishing people and animals good health and abundant crops. In the evening, the whole family eats hand-grabbed meat and carries out various activities to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. People plant incense in the snow on the west side of the house and bow to the west to show their memory of their ancestors. On New Year's Eve, everyone eats jiaozi, and jiaozi is wrapped with a white line, which means longevity. During the Spring Festival, there are hockey games, masquerade parties, listening to books and singing games.

Gaoshan (GS)

During the Spring Festival, people of Gaoshan ethnic group wear gorgeous national costumes and gather in groups at the edge of the village to drink and enjoy songs and dances accompanied by musical instruments. Some villages also hold harpoon competitions and carry out sports activities, such as lifting basketball and pole ball.

Hezhe ethnic group

The Hezhe Spring Festival is the happiest program of the year. On New Year's Eve, everyone cooks New Year's Eve, cuts window grilles and puts up lanterns. On New Year's Day, girls, women and children all put on new clothes embroidered with clouds and go to relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year's greetings. Fish banquet is a delicacy for Hezhe people to entertain guests. It has a sour and spicy taste of "stepping and stretching" (raw fish), a crispy taste of "fried fish hair" and transparent and bright red salmon seeds. Skiing, shooting grass targets and passing grass balls are the entertainment activities that Hezhe teenagers are obsessed with.

Lahu people

The Lahu people celebrate the New Year from the first day to the fourth day of the first month, and from the ninth day to the eleventh day of the first month. On the 30 th night of the twelfth lunar month, pigs are killed to make glutinous rice, and each family makes a pair of big Baba, which symbolizes the stars, indicating the new year, good weather and good harvest. Lahu people also have the custom of getting together to support the elderly.

Manchu

Manchu people celebrate the Spring Festival with stick grilles, couplets and the word "God". On 30th, the whole family packed jiaozi, jiaozi paid attention to pleating, and jiaozi, the "monk's head" who couldn't get rid of the edges and corners, was afraid that he would be "bald" all his life. Jiaozi should be packed in rows, symbolizing the wealth of the new year extending in all directions. Jiaozi can't let it go, for fear that there is no way out.

She ethnic group

She nationality should adopt homophonic characters in the Spring Festival, wishing them good luck in the new year and sticking to them every day. On the first day of New Year's Day, the She people paid homage to Pan Hu's ancestor, and the whole family paid homage to the "Pan Gu Zutu" (a portrait drawn according to the legend of Pan Hu), telling the hardships of their ancestors in starting a business.

Tujia nationality

Tujia people will dance "waving dance" in the New Year. In the past, when dancing swing dance, three cages of curtains were hung in the "wave hall", in which pig heads, pork, incense sticks and wild boar's heads and feet were hung, and then the old toast in red cassock and crown waved and shouted with musical instruments, and all men, women and children participated, and then danced after offering sacrifices to the gods. Now, Tujia people not only dance with their hands, but also play dragon lanterns, play lions, perform drama and martial arts.