A summary of aviation gravity research in the former Soviet Union and Russia

The earliest report on airborne measurement of gravity acceleration in the scientific literature of the former Soviet Union was in 1963 and 1974, and the field experiments were successfully carried out over the East Caspian Sea. The plane used was ил- 14, and * * completed the flight of 6300 line kilometers. The instrument is a digital paper tape punching recorder, which consists of six recording tracks, respectively recording string gravimeter, string vertical speedometer, string horizontal accelerometer, aircraft tilt and pitch detector, barometric altimeter, radio altimeter and electronic thermometer, and receiving and displaying of radio geodesy. The system power is 450 watts, and the total weight is120kg. In the experiment, three gravimeters were actually installed, and all three gravimeters used universal shaft hooks (also known as universal suspension подвескар) in three vertical velocity chord length meters (сивсс). Use an electronic thermometer with frequency output to measure the temperature of the outside air. The digital information of these instruments is recorded on the perforated belt every 15 seconds. In addition, the outputs of gravimeter, vertical speedometer and horizontal accelerometer are simulated and continuously monitored and recorded on the pen micro-ammeter.

Before and after each flight, three gravimeters were read at Baku airport as the benchmark for airborne gravity measurement. In the field test, the zero drift of three gravimeters is -0.8, 0 and +0.2 mg/day and night respectively. When returning to Moscow after field work, the gravity measurement values were compared with the gravity values of the reference points of the airports stopped along the way to evaluate the accuracy of the three gravimeters. Gravity difference G, which stopped at the airport eleven times along the way, changed in the range of 6544. When the plane rises to full altitude (1.5 ~ 3km) and flies out of a straight line, the gravimeter records of each flight will be started. The whole process from paper tape processing to finding gravity anomaly is completed by computer, and the calculation program includes the following steps:

(1) Calculate the acceleration difference of each gravimeter in the time period of (t+ 15 ~ t+30) seconds.

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Where fucx—— is the reference reading of airport gravimeter; Crp—— Gravimeter grid value, milligal/grid. (2) Calculate the gravity correction value caused by the vertical motion of the aircraft in the time period of (t+ 15 ~ t+30) seconds. Where CF and CM—— are constants of vertical velocity chord length meter CUBC;

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P.th-barometric pressure and absolute air temperature at flying altitude;

TTP—— Absolute temperature of air in aircraft conveying pipe at CUBC joint.

According to the frequency S6 and the constant parameter P of the linear barometer. And β press the following formula to find the PH pressure value.

PH=Po+β(S6)2

According To the output signal frequency θT of the electric thermometer and the parameters to and ξ, the TH temperature value is calculated according to the following formula.

TH=ζInθ 1-To

(3) Calculate the weighted average of 15 adjacent points of the △G(3D) and △ GZ (3D) values obtained in each time period according to the following formula. This is equivalent to taking the average of two readings in the time period of T= 180 seconds and τ60 seconds.

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(4) Second-order correction due to the nonlinearity of gravimeter scale and Brownian correction due to the influence of horizontal acceleration are then performed on the average value.

The secondary correction formula is

Is an approximate constant coefficient.

Brown correction formula is

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According to the well-known air pressure formula, the flying height is calculated, and the weighted average calculation is also carried out. According to the data of radio geodesy, calculate the geographical coordinate values φ and λ, and correct δgэ by Ivey. Of course, it needs weighted average, and finally correct the terrain to find out the gravity anomaly.

The gravity anomaly value obtained is compared with the underwater gravity measurement and some ship gravity measurement results (converted into flying height). The mean error of gravity anomaly obtained by airborne gravity measurement on ил- 14 aircraft is 6.3 mg, and the systematic error of each flight is between-10 and +4 mg. The factors that cause system errors are as follows. In addition, the horizontal acceleration correction is not accurate enough. The test conclusion emphasizes that the next step is to install a gravimeter on the gyro platform to improve the accuracy of absolute height measurement.

The second is to test the flight weight by helicopter.

The former Soviet Union began the experimental study of helicopter airborne weight from 1977, and has done a lot of work for more than ten years. There are three ways to measure the airborne weight of helicopters: hovering and hanging measurement; Helicopter horizontal flight measurement: helicopter hovering measurement.

1. Hover and suspension measurement

When the helicopter hovers, the gravimeter descends and sinks to the bottom for measurement. The test was conducted by the Civil Aviation Administration of the Soviet Union and all Soviet airlines, and by the National Economic Research Institute (внипанхгавсесоюзн) Among many possible application fields, Russia pays more attention to polar applications, but these discussions are limited to polar shallow waters.

(2) Kiev University of Technology

(3) The accuracy of airborne weight, the analysis of various error spectra and the processing of airborne weight data are the focus of later research work [20-26]. In particular, I'm пантелеввл. (It may be professor гаиш-го from the National Astronomical Institute of the former Soviet Union. The digital spectrum analysis of observation column is usually used, and it is considered that the accuracy of aerial weight results depends on the accuracy of altimetry first.

(4) 199 1 year, scientists from Moscow university applied inertial navigation technology to airborne gravity measurement, and composed INS (inertial navigation instrument), GPS/GLONASS receiver and barometric altimeter. This technology adopts the achievements of Russian space technology and the unconventional data processing method first developed by Professor Oleg S.Salychev. The INS/GPS integrated (ISS) system uses the Russian-made I-2 1 inertial navigation system, which includes high-precision sensors installed in the stabilized gyro platform. It realizes the function of a three-axis four-frame platform, and is equipped with two floating gyroscopes and three floating accelerometers. I-2 1 is equipped with two built-in high-speed processors for navigation. The digital output of lNS data includes one

The PC receives and provides the following navigation parameters: two coordinates, two speeds, four angles (pitch, roll, heading and gyro yaw angle) and INS time. The weight of the whole set of equipment shall not exceed 30 kg. The power consumption of the startup mode (10 minute) is less than 1.5 kW, and the PC/INS data communication is set by special signals, thus realizing accurate synchronization of INS/GPS data. A high sensitivity gravimeter-accelerometer is made and installed on the gyro fixed platform of inertial navigation system. This unit is completely independent of any other INS hardware and uses its power supply for data output. The output rate of the gravimeter is 1 Hz.

1992, Russian scientists cooperated with Canadian researchers to install the system on Cessna 3 10, King Aviation C-90 and other aircraft, and carried out a large number of airborne gravity measurement experiments in Calgary, Canada, Albert Ponoka Oilfield and other places. During the period of 1997, airborne gravimetry was carried out in the North Pole using Do-228 aircraft. 1999, Nevada, USA, used Cessna -206 aircraft to carry out airborne gravity measurement, and the measurement result was less than 0.5 ~ 1.0 mgal for 2 km anomaly. The system is suitable for light aircraft. And it can fly in complex weather conditions, and the measurement is not affected.

Russian airborne heavy literature catalogue

[ 1] попвеи.опытизмерер

[2] лозинскаяам ...аппраты

[3] лозинскаяамвлияние.

[4] лозинскаяа ...аллраты

[5] лозинскаяамаэрогрв.

[6]ЛозинскаяА.М.Наставлениепо гравиметрическойсъемке с борта самолета.(принципы построенияаппаратуры, методикаизмеренийикам.)

[7] лозинскаяамизмерени.)

[8]лозинскаА.М.Измерение силы тджести на самолете《Обзор регионной развелочной и промьтсловойгеоφизики》 1978.

[9]φедынский В.В.,Лозинская А.М.Измерение силы ятжести на самолете.《Мегодика и резупьтатыэлекгроразведки,гравиразведки, магниторазведки и морской геоφизики.Материалы 8-й научно-техническойгеоφизнеской конφеренции. 1976,Тюмень》 1979,стр57-63.

баграмдц b.0...новыетехн.)

[ 1 1] бапашова?лновыедд.)

[ 12] багдатлилвипипдг? ...)

[ 13] баграмянцво ...аэрог? )

[ 14] ИскендероВ И.М.…ЭφφективНость гравИмегрических наδлюдений на борту вертолетадллизученидтруднодосгупных нефгегазоносных областей.《разведочнаягеофизика》 6 5438+0989, № 109, сгр.87-9 1 (The effectiveness of gravity observation in helicopter cabin in studying difficult-to-pass oil and gas areas. )

[ 15] искенлерови ...технол.

[ 16] Отчёгпо теме 1423796-007"Разрабогка и внедрение комппекса технических и технологических срелствгравиразведки и обеслечение мировой гравиметрическ ойсъемки "внигеоизиа" )

[ 17] безвесил?наден ...0 боп )

[ 18] безсильнаяе.ноенив.)

[ 19] литвиненкоп.лонекоо.)

[20] ипатовбс ...точност?а?.)

[2 1] ипиню ...исследвани )

[22]Кордгкин Е.Д.Спектр оплбок измеренийглобальной позичионной системыи точность аэротравиметрическихсьемок.《Эксл.-Инφор.Минист.геол.ссср， ISSN 0236-3812 "1991,No.6, стррр.39-43 (GPS measurement error and airborne weighing accuracy. )

[23] павтелеввлкзалачеи.)

[24] пантелеввлоптимал?.

[25] пантелеевв ... примене. Application of digital harmonic analysis in aviation weight observation and processing

[26] пантелеввл ...алгорит.)

[27] могилевскийве.геог.)

[28] ипатовб ...геологичес.)

This paper is an airborne gravity survey conducted by the Geophysical Exploration Department of the Land Resources and Space Center in the former Soviet Union in 2000. The time limit for literature retrieval is 1963 ~ 2000.