How to adapt the training of tourism professionals to the market demand

After the reform and opening up, with the development of tourism, China's higher tourism education has developed rapidly. After nearly 30 years of development, it has formed a relatively perfect higher tourism education system covering four training levels: junior college, undergraduate, master and doctor, involving nearly 30 tourism activities and tourism-related majors. According to statistics, by the end of 2005, there were 693 tourism colleges and universities in China offering tourism majors with 304,800 students. The scale of higher tourism education is expanding day by day, and it has become one of the fastest growing areas of higher education in the same period. Judging from the employment situation of tourism talents, the employment rate of graduates from many tourism colleges is low, and the phenomenon of secondary employment is common. Some students would rather be temporarily unemployed than engage in tourism industry after graduation, which leads to the phenomenon of talent shortage in enterprises and difficult employment for students. From the demand side of tourism talents, the tourism industry does not favor college students majoring in tourism management, and the increase in the number of graduates majoring in tourism management has not alleviated the shortage of talents. This reflects the increasingly prominent problems, such as the disconnection between the training of tourism talents in China and the market, the construction of tourism talents not adapting to the development and construction of the industry, and the training of tourism talents lagging behind the needs of enterprises. This also shows that cultivating innovative talents to meet the market demand has become a top priority for higher tourism education. The establishment and development of specialties should be large-scale and distinctive. Although China's tourism colleges show a diversified development trend, in the process of diversified development, they take an "extension" rather than "connotation" development path. Colleges and universities pay more attention to survival factors and ignore development factors. The goal of running a school is unclear and the positioning is inaccurate. Too many majors are too detailed, and the phenomenon of "tailor-made for people" is more serious. As a result, the teaching plan and curriculum are poorly targeted and do not reflect the comprehensiveness of the tourism industry. It is difficult for the trained talents to adapt to the job requirements of related positions in the tourism industry in terms of knowledge structure and ability structure. In order to adapt to the trend that the division of labor within the tourism industry is getting finer and finer, and the requirements for talents' knowledge, ability and quality are getting higher and higher, we must make a fuss about "scale and characteristics" in the expansion of tourism management specialty, the positioning of training objectives and the setting of college courses. Colleges and universities should be good at understanding the trends and hot spots of tourism development, be market-oriented, use advanced consciousness in time and accurately, combine their own characteristics and advantages, cultivate characteristic professionals, reflect the moderate advance of talent training, and realize leap-forward development. The goal of professional training should reflect comprehensive and multifaceted training, which is the starting point and foothold of university education. With the changes of the times, the training objectives of tourism colleges are out of touch with social needs, which are characterized by universality and singleness, too large span, too wide positioning, lack of requirements for innovative spirit and ability, and neglect of professional quality training. The training objectives of tourism management talents in colleges and universities should be comprehensive, which can be divided into level objectives, professional objectives, type objectives, quality objectives, business training objectives and so on. The classification of these aspects is not a parallel classification, but a cross classification. Among them, the quality goal is the foundation, which runs through the whole process of talent training; Grading objectives should reflect the stage; Type objectives should be compatible with hierarchical objectives, reflecting complexity, flexibility and applicability. Tourism is a comprehensive industry involving many traditional industries and social sectors, and its successful development depends on the coordination of related majors and departments, which requires tourism management personnel to have the overall awareness of tourism development. The trend of tourism development in the future is personalized demand, and market opportunities, new product development and product promotion will become the main sources of competitiveness of tourism enterprises. Strategic management, especially capital management strategy, human resources strategy and market development strategy management, will become the main dimension of the development of large-scale tourism enterprises. Therefore, future tourism management talents should at least have strategic management knowledge, business decision-making, business development, contingency, interpersonal communication and other management capabilities. Combined with this demand of the industry, the training goal of tourism management specialty should emphasize the cultivation of students' "one consciousness, one quality, two abilities and three languages", that is, they should have the overall development consciousness of tourism industry, the professional quality of tourism occupation (especially the cultivation of professional consciousness and attitude), strong innovative thinking ability and strategic management ability, and have the "languages" needed for tourism development-international communication language and computer network language. Curriculum system and teaching methods should pay attention to practicality. Judging from the development of international tourism education, distinctive professionalism and practicality are a major feature of tourism education. At present, tourism enterprises generally believe that there are two basic standards for creative talents: one is to be close to the needs of enterprises; Second, it can quickly integrate into the enterprise and solve practical problems. Therefore, tourism colleges cannot run schools behind closed doors. They must pay attention to collecting information and knowledge from the industry, take the frontier dynamics of tourism as the key development direction of teaching courses, and strengthen the applied courses on the basis of perfecting the theoretical courses of tourism specialty. The application-oriented curriculum should be wide and large, practical and strategic, so as to ensure the successful connection between the characteristic supply of talents in colleges and universities and the demand for tourism talents. Strengthen laboratory construction and school-enterprise cooperation to create a good environment and conditions for students' autonomous learning and self-cultivation. Through the whole-process teaching method, students can apply the theory they have learned to practice, and bring the problems found in practice back to the school to study with their tutors, so as to find ways to solve the problems, cultivate students' innovative consciousness and critical thinking ability, make students become creative talents with solid theoretical foundation, solve the common problems of enterprises and meet the needs of enterprises, and finally shorten the distance between schools and society, benefiting students, enterprises and schools.