I want to write a paper related to tourism and culture, entitled "the relationship between culture and tourism consumption behavior". I hope someone can provide an outline or model essay. Thank you.

Interpretation of culture (1) The concept of culture. Culture in a broad sense refers to the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human society in historical practice. In a narrow sense, it refers to the ideology of society and the corresponding institutions and organizations. Culture is a historical phenomenon, and every society has its own culture that adapts to its politics and economy, and develops with the development of social material production. There are different opinions about the definition of culture, and each scholar has his own academic background and starting point. However, it can be seen from the above description of the definition of culture. Many cultural definitions reflect the similarity of cultures: (1) culture is a form of social expression; (2) Culture is acquired; (3) Culture is adaptive; (4) Culture is the carrier of value. (B) the combination of tourism and culture. In a sense, tourism belongs to the cultural category. As a comprehensive cultural activity formed by human beings to meet the needs of understanding different regions, different cultures and their own aesthetics, tourism has been closely linked with culture since its birth. As an industry that provides services for people's tourism, it exists and develops by expanding tourism resources, improving tourism facilities and improving tourism services. With the rapid development of global economic integration, transnational cross-regional tourism has become a new consumption fashion. More because people's material foundation is gradually solid and their quality of life is constantly improving, tourists' travel demand has not simply stayed at the requirements of scenic spots, but developed towards the high-level demand of cultural taste. Therefore, in the new historical period, if there is no combination of tourism and culture, it will not be able to meet the growing tourism demand of tourists, and it will also affect the development of tourism to varying degrees. They complement each other and are closely related.

Tourism is the means and tool of culture and the premise of its appearance. Culture is the result and purpose of tourism, and it is a concrete form of expression. Tourism produces culture, and culture enriches tourism. Tourism and culture are the products of generalized culture. The development of modern tourism not only promotes the cultural exchange between countries, but also brings the cultural exchange between various regions and ethnic groups in China horizontally, and promotes the impact and sublimation of modern culture and traditional culture vertically, thus forming the integration of tourism and culture. 2. "Backpackers" and their tourism consumption behavior Tourists are the main body of tourism activities. The lifeblood of tourism development is in the hands of tourists. Without tourists, tourism would not exist. To develop tourism, it is necessary to study the behavior of tourists in order to provide targeted services, understand and predict tourists' behavior and find out the development direction of tourism. As a sub-group of tourism consumers, I! Backpackers will play a guiding role in the development of foreign tourism, and may lead to changes in traditional tourism consumption patterns to some extent. Therefore, the study of backpackers is of great value to the development of tourism. (1) What does "backpacker" mean? The English word "backpack" evolved from the word "Backpacking", that is, people who carry backpacks for long-distance self-help tours. Travelers known as "backpackers" often travel under a limited budget, so they often have their own views on travel planning and the uniqueness of scenic spots. Philip. Pearce and LaurieLoker—Murphy of James Cook O~mes Cook University in Australia define it according to its characteristics: backpackers prefer to stay in cheap hotels, pay attention to communication with other backpackers they meet on the way, tend to make their own leisure travel plans, refuse to accept tour guides, travel for a long time, and the main source of tourists is Europe. Backpackers in our country are also called "donkey friends", which means friends who travel. Backpackers originated in Europe. Driven by the hippie trend in the 1960s, confused young people went on their way alone with problems, hoping to look at themselves and find a spiritual home with that kind of "on the road" experience. From then on, "backpackers" began to shoulder some kind of spiritual pursuit, not only to see the scenery along the way, but to experience the body and mind. The empirical research conducted by Hottola( 1999) in India and Sri Lanka divides backpackers into the following groups: students (including globetrotters who are interested in seeing the world), professionals, eco-tourists, vagrants (looking for opportunities for rebirth), "weirdos and near hippies" and "old hippies". However, from the perspective of actual travel, the author thinks that the main groups of backpackers in China are the younger generation, including students, white-collar workers and post-80s and post-90s with characteristics of the times. (B) "Backpackers" tourists consumption behavior analysis. 1, motivation analysis of tourism consumption behavior. Power machine is a psychological process or internal motivation that causes and maintains individual activities and makes them move towards a certain goal. Similarly, tourists' tourism activities are all carried out towards a certain goal under the action of corresponding motives. As for a subgroup of tourists, I think their consumption motivation is based on the following points: (1 1) pursuing complex needs. Psychologists have been arguing for years whether people should strive to maintain psychological oneness in all areas of life or pursue diversity. The essence of complexity theory is that people pursue novelty, surprise, variability and unpredictability. For "backpackers", what they pursue is complex tourism activities, because what these complex tourism activities bring can bring them satisfaction. The travel needs of most backpackers have changed from seeking job opportunities and releasing the pressure of survival to pursuing self-development and individuals and groups. The interaction between individuals and nature, foreign culture and other positive factors, as well as the realization of these factors, can satisfy their pursuit of complexity. (2) Pursuing personalized tourism products to achieve in-depth and experiential tourism. The singleness and mediocrity of tourism products are unbearable for these non-public tourism consumers who pursue complex lifestyles. One form of mass tourism is traveling with travel agencies, but the travel products provided by travel agencies are not personalized, which can not meet the needs of various tourism consumption markets and backpackers' travel needs. It is precisely because of these practical reasons that "backpackers" appear and act as tourism consumers seeking personalized differences. 2. Analysis of tourism consumption behavior and attitude. Attitude can be understood as a behavior tendency and evaluation of the subject to the target object. People will make a positive or negative attitude towards the object, and accordingly will show corresponding tendencies, including behavior and evaluation. Attitude is a complex psychological phenomenon, and its formation and development are influenced by individual's past knowledge, experience, motivation and other factors. Once attitude is formed, it will have a great influence on people's behavior. As far as backpackers are concerned, their attitude towards travel is positive. Think that travel is a part of life and travel is a kind of growth; Travel is a kind of learning, with a brand-new learning and understanding of humanities, geography and history; Travel is an ideal way to adjust stress: travel is not only a supplement to life, but also a way to relax, which has become the purpose of life to some extent. 3. Analysis of tourism consumption behavior pattern. The social form in which we live is constantly changing. Alvin toffler, a famous American futurist, classified economic forms in his book The Impact on the Future. He believes that the current society is in a real economy society, and people are not pursuing the simple requirements of enjoying services, but the experience of living. At different stages of economic and social development, tourists have different needs for tourism. When the market can't meet the needs of tourists: one case is. Create new products to meet their needs; On the other hand, tourists change their travel needs or ways to meet their own needs, resulting in more self-help tourism or other ways different from mass tourism. Backpackers, as a new mode different from mass tourism mode, came into being under this background. The characteristics of "backpacker" travel mode are mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) Make your own travel plan, including route design and accommodation arrangement. , completely divorced from the services provided by travel agencies; (2) Choose more scenic spots with fewer tourists or undeveloped scenic spots as the best tourist destination. I like to take difficult routes and experience different experiences in scenic spots; (3) rarely choose transportation, usually on foot: rarely choose hotel accommodation, like camping. Third, the relationship between culture and backpackers' tourism consumption behavior (1) The influence of culture on backpackers' tourism consumption behavior. In western society, culture is an individual-oriented culture that pays attention to individual freedom and rights. People are engaged in activities according to their own wishes. For foreign backpackers, their consumption behavior is self-help travel or traveling with new friends, and the travel time is generally longer than that of backpackers in China. Influenced by western culture, backpackers in western society regard backpacking as a free lifestyle and may go out for several years or even longer. In China, China culture attaches great importance to the harmony between man and nature, takes the family as the foundation, and pays attention to individual duties and obligations. For backpackers in China, the consumption behavior is more in line with the culture of China. For example, backpackers in China choose to travel with friends and classmates who are familiar with each other. It's rare that they don't go home for several years, regard tourism as a kind of life, and leave their families and responsibilities behind. From the above cultural differences between China and the West, it can be seen that culture will affect tourists' consumption behavior to a considerable extent, whether in the choice of tourism products, tourism methods or travel. (2) The unique culture produced by backpackers' tourism consumption behavior. The rise of tourism occurred after the end of World War II, followed by a universal "mass tourism" culture. In mass tourism, what tourists pursue is the release of reality, which is a superficial aesthetic and pleasant desire. Mass tourism culture is a culture of sensory satisfaction and shallow needs. Backpacker culture is a non-mass tourism culture. Backpackers' travel is not a fashionable thing, nor a spirit, but an unrestrained lifestyle, so it is a culture based on lifestyle and free kingdom. One of the characteristics of backpacker culture is "group". Whether you live in a youth hostel with a self-service kitchen and a TV room, or take a bus with others, or buy a bus ticket together, the most important thing is to share each other's experiences. This kind of information exchange enables many backpackers to learn from each other and save money at the same time. The information they get is even better than reading the travel books published by Lonely Planet (the most frequently quoted). The second feature is "truthfulness". Self-help tour is not a holiday, but a kind of study. Backpackers always want to experience the most authentic local customs, rather than a packaged trip in the tourism industry, so backpackers are sometimes called "returning tourists".