Reasons for the failure of defending Nanjing

1. The National Government's ineffective defense deployment: The National Government's ineffective evacuation of Nanjing citizens left serious security risks for civilians. The ineffective defense deployment in Nanjing led to the chaotic withdrawal of troops and a large number of China soldiers were stranded in the city. These factors have enlarged the scale of the victims of the Nanjing Massacre.

2. The national government's support for the international security zone was insufficient: before and after the fall of Nanjing, a large number of refugees flooded into the city's international security zone, but before that, the national government's support for the international security zone was insufficient and the security zone was not recognized by Japan.

3. The National Government's decision-making mistake of massing heavy troops to stick to Nanjing: It is the fundamental reason that caused a large number of China soldiers to stay in Nanjing. Nanjing is located in the south of the Yangtze River, and the Japanese army surrounded Nanjing by dividing troops. It is obviously a major mistake in military strategy to assemble hundreds of thousands of troops to stick to Nanjing when the national government does not have enough strength to ensure the safe and orderly evacuation of Nanjing defenders.

4. Defects in military decision-making and command system: After the fall of Nanjing, the defenders of China could not form effective resistance and orderly retreat, which directly led to the collapse of the organization of the officers and men stranded in the city, and tens of thousands of officers and men were captured and became the targets of cruel slaughter by the Japanese army.

Extended information on the background of Nanjing defense war

1In the summer of 935, the North China Incident occurred, and then the so-called "North China Autonomy Movement" occurred, which made the National Government have a deeper understanding of Japan's policy of aggression against China and began to actively prepare for the war of resistance.

After the Japanese army landed in Hangzhou Bay, the high command felt that the situation was serious and began to pay attention to Nanjing's defense. In mid-October, Chiang Kai-shek held three consecutive meetings of political advisers in Nanjing. At the third meeting the next night, Chiang Kai-shek clearly agreed with Tang Shengzhi's suggestion and decided to "persist for a short time", which is expected to last 1 to 2 months.

After the policy of sticking to Nanjing was determined, the high command department adopted a series of strategic and campaign measures. 165438+1October 20th, Tang Shengzhi issued martial law, and Nanjing entered a state of war.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Nanjing Defence War