What are the types of loans?

Lead loan is a kind of credit activity that banks or other financial institutions lend monetary funds at a certain interest rate and must return them, which can meet the needs of expanding social reproduction and promoting economic development. Loans can be divided into many types according to the differences of loan subject, purpose and term. Common loan types include mortgage loan, car loan, personal loan, enterprise loan and working capital loan. Here are more detailed loan types for everyone.

Loans are divided into PartOne 1 personal business loans according to their purposes. Personal business loans refer to loans issued by banks to borrowers for working capital turnover, purchasing or updating business equipment, paying the rent of leased business premises, decorating commercial houses and other legal production and business activities. Venture loan > > Personal consumption loan mortgage housing loan, also known as housing mortgage loan, is the documents that the buyer must submit according to legal documents, such as filling out the application form for housing mortgage loan to the loan bank and providing ID card, income certificate, housing sales contract and guarantee. After passing the examination, the loan bank promises the loan to the buyer, and handles the real estate mortgage registration and notarization according to the house sales contract provided by the buyer and the mortgage loan contract concluded between the bank and the buyer. The bank directly allocates loan funds within the time limit stipulated in the contract.

Car loan Car loan refers to the loan issued by the lender to the borrower who applies for buying a car. Automobile consumption loan is a new loan method that banks issue RMB-guaranteed loans to car buyers who buy cars at their special dealers. Magu. Com understands that the loan period for automobile consumption is generally 1-3 years, and the longest is no more than 5 years.

Housing renovation loan Housing renovation loan refers to a loan for the purpose of family housing renovation (some banks also provide commercial housing renovation loans), with the property and rights owned by the borrower or a third party or legally entitled to dispose of it as collateral or pledge, or with the third party providing guarantee for the loan and assuming joint liability.

Travel loan Personal travel loan, as its name implies, is a loan granted by a lender to an applicant for travel expenses. Travel expenses refer to the total amount of travel expenses such as transportation expenses, accommodation expenses, tickets, services and related expenses involved in tourism projects handled by specialized tourism units and designated by lenders.

Consumer durables loans Personal consumer durables loans refer to RMB loans issued by lending banks to borrowers to pay for the purchase of consumer durables. Among them, durable consumer goods generally refer to household durable goods with a unit price of more than 2,000 yuan and a normal service life of more than two years (except housing and automobiles).

The national student loan is a bank loan led by the government, subsidized by the government, compensated by the finance and universities, and jointly operated by banks, education administrative departments and universities. Borrowing students do not need to apply for loan guarantee or mortgage, but they need to promise to repay on time and bear relevant legal responsibilities. Borrowing students apply for loans from the bank through the school to make up for the lack of expenses during their school days and repay them in installments after graduation.

Study abroad loan refers to the foreign exchange consumption loan issued by the bank to overseas students or their immediate family members or spouses to pay their tuition and living expenses.

Enterprise fixed assets investment loans Fixed assets investment loans refer to loans issued to meet the liquidity needs of capital construction investment, renovation measures and capital construction reserves, as well as other capital needs of fixed assets investment. Project financing loan refers to the way of financing a specific project, also known as project financing, or project financing, which is a financing way guaranteed by the high return of the investment feasibility of the project itself or the mortgage of a third party. General fixed assets loans Fixed assets loans are loans issued by banks for investment in fixed assets of enterprises. The arrangement of fixed assets loan projects and loan plans must be based on the project plans and credit plans approved by the state, and the pre-decision evaluation shall be carried out according to the prescribed procedures and authorization. Working capital loan Working capital loan is a loan issued to meet the short-term capital demand of producers and operators in the process of production and operation and ensure the normal production and operation activities. It has the characteristics of short loan period, simple procedures, strong liquidity and low financing cost. Laying the foundation for working capital loan Laying the foundation for working capital loan is a loan issued to meet the needs of the initial production of the project and ensure the necessary working capital for trial operation after the project is completed. Working capital revolving loan Working capital revolving loan refers to a loan issued to meet the shortage of funds with the agreed or foreseeable operating income and other legal income as the repayment source under the determined purpose of the borrower's daily operation. Generally, the loan term shall not exceed 1 year, and the longest shall not exceed 2 years. Bill discount Bill discount is the discount of bills receivable and bills payable. A way for enterprises to raise funds. Refers to the demanders of funds, who require banks or discount companies to convert their unexpired commercial bills, bank acceptance bills or short-term bonds into cash. Banks or discount companies (financing companies) take back these unexpired bills or short-term bonds, deduct the interest from the discount date to the maturity date according to the par value, and then pay cash, and then collect money from the drawer after the bills expire. 1 The loan is divided into two parts according to the amount. Microfinance is a comprehensive consumer loan with individuals or enterprises as the core. The loan amount is generally between 1 10,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan. The treatment process generally needs to be guaranteed. Microfinance is an extension of microfinance in technology and practical application. Microfinance in China mainly serves agriculture, rural areas and small and medium-sized enterprises. Large loans Large loans refer to loans exceeding the agreed limits. Its standards are formulated by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Housing Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). For loan providers, large loans are risky, so their interest rates are also high. These loans have a loan balance limit. 1 loans are divided into Partthree 1 medium and long-term loans. Medium-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of 1-5 years. Long-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of more than 5 years (excluding 5 years). Medium-and long-term loans, also known as project loans, refer to loans issued by commercial banks for borrowers to build, expand, rebuild, develop and purchase fixed assets investment projects, and real estate loans also belong to the category of project loans. Short-term loan Short-term loan is a kind of loan issued by Chinese banks or other financial institutions to enterprises, with a term of less than 1 year (including 1 year). Short-term loans are generally used for the liquidity needs of the borrower's production and operation. Overdraft overdraft loan refers to a loan that exceeds the balance of its deposit account to an enterprise with good benefit and high reputation and abides by the liquidity loan management system. 1 loan by currency Part IV 1 local currency loan Local currency trade financing refers to financing provided in the currency of the lending country. Under normal circumstances, this kind of loan is aimed at domestic foreign trade enterprises. Foreign currency loan A foreign currency loan refers to a loan that should be repaid in foreign currency, regardless of the currency in which the loan is obtained or whether the loan is in monetary form. 1 is divided into Partfive 1 according to the nature of the lender. Bank loans (self-operated loans) refer to loans independently issued by commercial banks with raised funds. Refers to the loan independently issued by the lender with funds raised by legal means, with the risks borne by the lender and the principal and interest recovered by the lender. Generally, the longest term of self-operated loans shall not exceed 10 years, and those that exceed shall be reported to the People's Bank of China for the record. Syndicated loan Syndicated loan is also called "syndicated loan". A banking group led by one or more banks that are allowed to operate loan business, with the participation of many banks and non-bank financial institutions, adopts the same loan agreement and provides financing to the same borrower according to the agreed terms and conditions. Products serve large and medium-sized enterprises, enterprise groups and national key construction projects with huge capital needs. When the amount of funds sought by borrowers is so large that no single bank can bear the credit risk of borrowers, the demand for banking groups arises. The users of the syndicated loan market are borrowers seeking a large amount of financing in the bank loan market. Entrusted loan entrusted loan refers to the loan issued by a trust institution according to the requirements specified by the client. The source of funds for this loan is a special trust deposit, and the object, quantity and purpose of the loan are decided by the client. Trust institutions are only responsible for the examination and issuance, supervision and use of loans, recovery at maturity and interest collection, and are not responsible for profits and losses. Trust agencies only charge a certain fee according to the contract. Provident fund loan is a typical entrusted loan. According to 5 1 Dongshibianshao, specific loans refer to loans granted by wholly state-owned commercial banks with the approval of the State Council and after taking corresponding remedial measures for the possible losses caused by loans. This kind of loan belongs to a variety of policy components, and is generally used for major equipment renovation projects of state-owned enterprises, national key construction projects, national key poverty alleviation projects, complete sets of equipment export projects (seller's credit), national key scientific research projects and other investments. 1 according to the nature of the loan subject, Partsix 1 enterprise unit loan refers to a way for an enterprise to borrow money from a bank or other financial institution at a prescribed interest rate and time limit for production and operation. Enterprise loans are mainly used for large-scale long-term investments such as the purchase and construction of fixed assets and technical transformation. Personal loan Personal loan, also known as retail loan business, has become an important loan business after decades of development. Personal loans refer to local and foreign currency loans issued by banks or other financial institutions to natural persons who meet the loan conditions for personal consumption, production and operation. 1 The loan is divided into seven parts 1 The credit loan is secured. Credit loan refers to the loan issued by the borrower's credit, and the borrower does not need to provide guarantee. Its characteristic is that the debtor can get a loan only by his own reputation without providing collateral or third-party guarantee, and the borrower's credit degree is used as repayment guarantee. For a long time, this kind of credit loan has been the main loan method for banks in China. Secured loan A secured loan is a loan granted on the condition that a third party provides the corresponding guarantee for the borrower. A guarantee can be a person's guarantee or a thing's guarantee. Personal guarantee refers to the guarantee document issued by an economic entity with repayment ability. When the borrower fails to repay the loan principal and interest, the guarantor shall bear the responsibility of repaying the loan principal and interest. The guarantee of things is based on a specific kind or a certain right. Once the borrower fails to perform the contract, the bank can exercise its rights on the collateral to ensure that the creditor's rights will not be lost. Bill discount Bill discount is the discount of bills receivable and bills payable. A way for enterprises to raise funds. The above is the enterprise loan. 1 Divided by loan interest rate Parteight 1 Fixed-rate loan Fixed-rate loan means that during the loan period, no matter how the bank interest rate changes, the borrower will pay interest according to the fixed interest rate signed in the contract, and the repayment amount will not change because of the change of interest rate. Floating rate loan A floating rate loan is a loan in which the interest rate is based on a selected market interest rate at a predetermined time interval during the loan period, and then a certain proportion determined by the bank is added to the basic interest rate, and the interest rate fluctuates with the change of the selected basic interest rate. Mixed interest rate loan Mixed interest rate loan refers to a loan whose interest rate remains fixed for a period of time (fixed interest rate period) at the beginning of the loan, and the interest rate execution mode is changed to floating interest rate after the fixed interest rate period ends. 1 According to the loan risk, the borrower with normal loan can perform the contract and always repay the principal and interest normally. There are no unfavorable factors affecting the timely and full repayment of loan principal and interest, and the bank is fully confident that the borrower can repay the loan principal and interest on time and in full. The probability of loan loss is 0. Note that although the borrower has the ability to repay the principal and interest of the loan, there are some factors that may adversely affect the repayment. If these factors persist, the borrower's repayment ability will be affected and the probability of loan loss will not exceed 5%. There are obvious problems in the repayment ability of subprime borrowers, and they can't repay the loan principal and interest in full by relying entirely on their normal operating income. They need to repay the interest by disposing of assets, external financing and even implementing mortgage guarantee. The probability of loan loss is 30%-50%. The borrower of suspicious loan can't repay the loan principal and interest in full, even if mortgage or guarantee is implemented, it will certainly cause some losses, just because of the borrower's reorganization, merger, merger, mortgage disposal, pending litigation and other factors, the amount of loss is uncertain, and the probability of loan loss is between 50% and 75%. Loss loan refers to the possibility that the borrower repays the principal and interest free of charge. No matter what measures and procedures are taken, the loan is bound to be lost, or even if a small part can be recovered, its value is minimal. From the bank's point of view, it is meaningless and necessary to keep it as a bank asset in the accounts. Such loans should be written off immediately after the necessary legal procedures are fulfilled, and the loan loss probability is 75%- 100%. 1 Recommended reading partten 10 1+0 What is the most cost-effective way to buy a car? Which is better to buy a car with a loan or a full car? With the gradual improvement of living standards, more and more families will buy cars. Cars are mid-range consumer goods, and the budget for buying cars is insufficient. ...

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