Concept and classification of tourism resources

First, the concept of tourism resources

For a long time, China has not established a mature classification system of tourism resources. It was not until the early 1990s that the state organized experts from all walks of life to conduct extensive research on the connotation and extension of tourism resources, and initially put forward the definition of "tourism resources" which was often quoted later: "All kinds of things and factors in nature and human society that can attract tourists, develop tourism and produce economic, social and environmental benefits can be regarded as tourism resources". This kind of understanding has branded the classification of tourism resources deeply geographically. Geomorphology, as one of the important disciplines of geography, is also fully reflected in it.

Second, the classification of tourism resources

Geomorphology is a branch of geography that studies surface morphology and structure, formation mechanism and evolution process, and spatial combination, which can be summarized as "genesis and morphology". Its research scope is very wide, including: ① Geomorphology system: structural geomorphology, climate geomorphology, dynamic geomorphology and artificial geomorphology; ② Geomorphological force (process system): flowing water landform, glacier and periglacial landform, estuary and coastal landform, submarine landform, lake landform, debris flow and gravity landform, aeolian landform, rock landform, karst landform and historical landform; (3) Geomorphology application (comprehensive) system: regional geomorphology, applied geomorphology, environmental geomorphology and urban geomorphology; ④ Geomorphological technical system: quantitative geomorphology, experimental geomorphology, geomorphology chronology and geomorphology cartography. The research content of tourism resource classification is closely related to it. Among them, some important aspects of tourism resources research related to geomorphology, such as the generation, existence and evolution of tourism resources, are all completed in specific geomorphic areas; There is a long-term and close relationship between tourism landscape, tourism environment and specific landform areas; The development of some tourism resources is an important part of the development of geomorphic areas for the protection of tourism landscape and tourism environment in related geomorphic areas.

1. Classification principle

At present, according to the basic causes, attributes, functions, utilization methods and effects of tourism resources, academic circles divide ethnic tourism resources into multiple levels. During the period of 1992, the National Tourism Administration and the Institute of Geography of China Academy of Sciences adopted the "genetic form" commonly used in geomorphological classification as the first principle to divide all kinds of tourism resources when compiling the "Guidelines for the General Survey of Tourism Resources in China (Trial Draft)". This principle can be used not only for the classification of natural tourism resources, but also for the classification of various humanistic tourism resources.

This principle is called "attribute and state classification principle". "attribute" refers to the characteristics of basic types, which is equivalent to "cause" in geomorphological classification; "State" refers to the existing state and form of tourism resource types, which is equivalent to "shape" in landform classification. According to this principle, all tourism resources can be divided into different types in internal nature and external performance. Like landform types, they can be observed or touched by people and described, recorded and narrated by many people. The survey classification does not regard things and factors in subjective speculation and impression as tourism resources, which is exactly the same as the classification of landform types.

2. Identification of basic types of tourism resources

The survey and classification of tourism resources emphasize the application for the purpose of investigation. Because the survey should have a clear object, exist objectively, be relatively stable, have obvious eigenvalues, be easy to collect, and the total number should not be too large. Therefore, the researchers put forward the scientific concept of "basic types of tourism resources".

This concept was originally inspired by the classification of landforms. Because we are faced with a huge tourist resource object, in this case, the author only studied the characteristic values of landform types such as "mountains, hills, terraces and plains" when using landform classification, and finally determined them as four "basic landform types", covering all landform types. This successful experience has become the best way to study and seek the classification of tourism resources. The basic type of landform is the smallest unit of landform. "Basic types of tourism resources" is also obtained through a lot of research on the characteristic values of tourism resources types, which are the smallest units in tourism resources. According to this principle and method, the national tourism resources can be divided into 68 basic types, which are divided into six categories: landform landscape, waterscape, biological landscape, historic buildings, leisure and knowledge fitness, and shopping. Among them, there are many basic types closely related to geomorphology, and the identification and expression of these types are completely in line with the concept of geomorphology.