Common sense of ship safety

1. How to pay attention to safety when taking a boat

Don't take an unlicensed boat.

don't take an overloaded boat. Because the ship floats on the surface by the buoyancy of water, the load is limited.

if the limit is exceeded, the ship will be in danger of capsizing. In case of severe weather such as strong wind, heavy rain, flooding and dense fog, it is best not to take risks on ferries and other small boats.

don't bring inflammable, explosive and other dangerous goods aboard. Take a boat in a group, with a teacher leading the team.

when boarding and disembarking, queue up and proceed in an orderly manner. Don't push me or rush up and down, which will easily cause people to fall into the water, crush, crush or tilt the ship.

sit still on the boat and don't walk around at will. Many equipments on the ship directly affect the safe running of the ship, especially some life-saving and fire-fighting facilities. Their storage locations are regulated and cannot be moved at will, so as to ensure that in case of accidents, they can play their roles as soon as possible and reduce losses.

when a ship sails at night, don't use a flashlight to shine on the water surface and the shore, so as not to cause misunderstanding of the coming ship or the illusion of the driver, which may lead to danger.

2. general knowledge about ships

1. ship construction ships are means of maritime transportation.

although ships are different in size, the main parts of their structures are similar. The ship is mainly composed of the following parts: (1) Shell, that is, the hull of the ship, which is formed by combining a plurality of steel plates with rivets or electric welding, including three parts: keel wing plate, curved outer plate and upper outer plate.

(2) Frame A ship frame refers to all kinds of materials used to support the hull, which are divided into two parts: longitudinal and transverse. Longitudinal materials include keel, bottom bone and side bone; Crossmembers include ribs, ship beams and bulkheads.

(3) Deck deck is a steel plate laid on the ship beam, which divides the hull into upper, middle and lower layers. The number of decks of large ships can be as many as six or seven, which is used to strengthen the hull structure and facilitate layered loading and loading.

(4) Holds and Tanks: The cabins are all kinds of use spaces below the nail plate, including the bow cabin, the stern cabin, the cargo cabin, the machinery cabin and the boiler cabin. (5) Super Structure The superstructure refers to the building above the main deck, which is used for the crew to live and work and store their boats, including the forecastle, the stern cabin and the bridge.

(6) head: the front part of the ship. The bend of the hull on both sides of it is called bow.

(7) stern: the rear part of a ship. The bend of the hull on both sides of it is called quarter.

(8) bilge: the part where the side plate of the ship meets the bottom plate of the ship. Ship scale (9) Maximum scale: also known as full scale or perimeter scale, it can determine the length of berths docked at the dock, whether it can pass under the bridge and enter a dock.

total length (maximum length): refers to the horizontal distance between the foremost end and the rearmost end of the ship (including the outer plate and the permanently fixed protrusions at both ends). Full width (maximum width): the maximum horizontal distance perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline plane, including the ship's outer plate and permanent fixing protrusions.

maximum height: the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the highest point of the ship. It can get the height of the ship above the water surface by subtracting the draft.

(1) registration scale: it is the scale used by the competent authority in registering ships and calculating the gross tonnage and net tonnage of ships, which is stated in the tonnage certificate. Registration length: the horizontal distance from the leading edge of the mast to the trailing edge of the mast on the upper surface of the upper deck; When there is no tailstock, measure it to the center of the rudder stock.

registered width: the horizontal distance between the outer surfaces of the two outboard plates at the maximum width of the ship. Registration depth: the vertical distance measured from the lower surface of the upper deck to the upper surface of the inner bottom plate at the midpoint of the registered length of the longitudinal section of the ship.

(11) Ship size: Captain: The horizontal distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the stern column along the summer load waterline, also known as the length of two columns. Width: the horizontal distance between the outer edges of the two side ribs at the widest part of the hull.

depth: the vertical distance measured from the upper edge of the flat keel to the upper edge of the beam on the freeboard deck at the midpoint of the captain. (12) Draft: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the water surface.

plus the thickness of the flat keel, it is the actual draft. II. Types of Ships There are many kinds of ships for the carriage of goods by sea.

cargo ships can be divided into two categories according to their different uses: (1) Dry Cargo Ship can be divided into: 1. General Cargo Ship are generally ships that sail on busy cargo routes for a specified period and mainly carry sporadic groceries. This kind of ship has a fast sailing speed, and it is equipped with enough lifting equipment. In the ship structure, there are multiple decks to divide the cabin into multiple containers to meet the needs of loading different goods.

2. a Bulk Cargo Ship a ship used to carry unpackaged bulk goods. According to the different types of goods, it can be divided into Grain Ship, coal ship and Ore Ship.

most of these ships are single deck, and there are no pillars in the cabin, but there are partitions to prevent the cargo in the cabin from dislocation when running in the wind and waves. 3. Refrigerated Ship A refrigerated ship is a ship specially used for loading frozen perishable goods.

the ship is equipped with a refrigeration system, which can adjust various temperatures to meet the needs of different temperatures of cargo in each compartment. 4. Timber ship A timber ship is a ship specially used for loading timber or logs.

this kind of cabin has a large mouth, and there are no beams and columns and other equipment that hinder loading and unloading. The cabin and deck can be loaded with wood.

in order to prevent the timber on the deck from being washed overboard by waves, bulwarks of not less than one meter are generally set on both sides of the ship's side. 5. Container Ship Container ships can be divided into three types: partial container ships, full container ships and convertible container ships: (1) partial container ships.

Only the central part of the ship is used as the special space for containers, and other spaces are still filled with general groceries. (2) Full Container Ship.

refers to the ship specially used to transport the container. It is different from the general general general cargo ship, and its cargo hold is equipped with a grid shelf and vertical guide rails, which is convenient for the container to be put down along the guide rails, and the four corners are restricted by grids to prevent dumping.

A container ship can stack three to nine layers of containers in the cabin and three to four layers on the deck. (3) Convertible Container Ship.

The structure for loading containers in the cargo hold is detachable. Therefore, it can ship both containers and general groceries when necessary.

container ships have a high speed, and most of them have no lifting equipment, so they need to rely on the lifting equipment on the dock for loading and unloading. This kind of container ship is also called lifting and disembarking.

6. the ro-ro ship, also known as the Roll on/Roll off Ship, is mainly used to transport cars and containers. This kind of ship itself does not need loading and unloading equipment. Generally, there are open slopes at the side of the ship or at the head and tail of the ship to connect the wharf. When loading and unloading goods, either cars or containers (mounted on trailers) directly enter or leave the cabin.

the advantages of this kind of ship are that it does not depend on the loading and unloading equipment on the dock, and the loading and unloading speed is fast, which can accelerate the turnover of the ship. 7. Barge Carrier is also called the mother ship.

refers to a ship carrying a barge on a large ship, and cargo is loaded in the barge. The main advantage of barge carrier is that it is not limited by the water depth of the port, and it does not need to occupy the berth of the wharf. The loading and unloading of goods are all carried out at the anchorage, and the loading and unloading efficiency is high.

At present, the commonly used barge carrier mainly includes "Rashi" type (.

3.

Le Tu tourist ship is also one of the safer means of transportation. If you travel by ship in spring and autumn, you can enjoy the endless sea.

The blue sea, rough waves and soaring seagulls are really refreshing. Some people worry that it is not safe to travel by boat. We remind you that you don't have to worry too much. As long as you pay attention to the following matters during your trip, you can reach your destination safely.

(1) When traveling by boat, you should make necessary preparations, for example, you can prepare 1-2 extra coats. This is because the sea breeze is strong and the temperature is low when the boat sails at sea, especially at night. The Zhang Yimou Impression Theme Tour of China International Travel Fair 26 will be even lower when traveling in winter. (2) Traveling by boat is the same as traveling by train. It is forbidden to carry inflammable and explosive dangerous goods. If you see others carrying them, you should dissuade them or report them to the service personnel on board to ensure the safety of life and property of the whole crew.

(3) Get familiar with the surrounding environment of the cabin as soon as possible after boarding the ship. After boarding the ship, it is easy for passengers to find their own cabin under the guidance of the crew, and then after properly handling their luggage, they should immediately familiarize themselves with the environment around their cabin, with the focus on remembering the safe passage to the deck so that they can evacuate as soon as possible in case of emergency.

(4) Keep in mind the location and usage of life jackets, lifeboats, fire extinguishers and fire hydrants, so that they can be used as soon as possible. (5) When the ship encounters a big storm during the voyage, it will bump. At this time, there is no need to panic. You should obey the command of the crew, and don't run around and make noise, so as not to cause confusion among the crew, make the hull out of balance and cause unpredictable and serious consequences.

especially when sailing on the sea or rivers by smaller ships, we should pay more attention to this. (6) In case of local fire, water leakage or other unsafe signs, it shall be reported to the flight attendants as soon as possible and remedial measures shall be taken immediately.

don't make any noise before you know the situation, so as not to cause anxiety or affect the rest of the passengers on board. (7) In case of shipwreck, collision, fire and other accidents, we should unite with the crew under the guidance of the crew and take effective measures calmly and decisively to eliminate the danger as soon as possible.

(8) In case of serious accident and need to leave the ship, we should carry forward the spirit of * * * and help each other. According to the unified command of the crew, put on life jackets and leave the ship by lifeboat in an orderly manner.

don't scramble for each other and make a mess, which will delay precious time and make more people lose the chance to escape. (9) After the accident, every passenger should keep a clear head, and always have the confidence to win over the disaster, without any fear or pessimism.

this will not only make it difficult for you to escape, but also infect others and shake everyone's confidence in fighting difficulties. We have noticed that most of those lucky enough to live in big accidents are those who are fearless in the face of difficulties and have the courage to fight with death.

(1) Those who fled the ship due to the accident should try their best to send distress signals to the passing ships around them, and wait for the arrival of the savior with strong perseverance.

4. general knowledge about ships

1. ship construction ships are means of maritime transportation.

although ships are different in size, the main parts of their structures are similar. The ship is mainly composed of the following parts: (1) Shell, that is, the hull of the ship, which is formed by combining a plurality of steel plates with rivets or electric welding, including three parts: keel wing plate, curved outer plate and upper outer plate.

(2) Frame A ship frame refers to all kinds of materials used to support the hull, which are divided into two parts: longitudinal and transverse. Longitudinal materials include keel, bottom bone and side bone; Crossmembers include ribs, ship beams and bulkheads.

(3) Deck deck is a steel plate laid on the ship beam, which divides the hull into upper, middle and lower layers. The number of decks of large ships can be as many as six or seven, which is used to strengthen the hull structure and facilitate layered loading and loading.

(4) Holds and Tanks: The cabins are all kinds of use spaces below the nail plate, including the bow cabin, the stern cabin, the cargo cabin, the machinery cabin and the boiler cabin. (5) Super Structure The superstructure refers to the building above the main deck, which is used for the crew to live and work and store their boats, including the forecastle, the stern cabin and the bridge.

(6) head: the front part of the ship. The bend of the hull on both sides of it is called bow.

(7) stern: the rear part of a ship. The bend of the hull on both sides of it is called quarter.

(8) bilge: the part where the side plate of the ship meets the bottom plate of the ship. Ship scale (9) Maximum scale: also known as full scale or perimeter scale, it can determine the length of berths docked at the dock, whether it can pass under the bridge and enter a dock.

total length (maximum length): refers to the horizontal distance between the foremost end and the rearmost end of the ship (including the outer plate and the permanently fixed protrusions at both ends). Full width (maximum width): the maximum horizontal distance perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline plane, including the ship's outer plate and permanent fixing protrusions.

maximum height: the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the highest point of the ship. It can get the height of the ship above the water surface by subtracting the draft.

(1) registration scale: it is the scale used by the competent authority in registering ships and calculating the gross tonnage and net tonnage of ships, which is stated in the tonnage certificate. Registration length: the horizontal distance from the leading edge of the mast to the trailing edge of the mast on the upper surface of the upper deck; When there is no tailstock, measure it to the center of the rudder stock.

registered width: the horizontal distance between the outer surfaces of the two outboard plates at the maximum width of the ship. Registration depth: the vertical distance measured from the lower surface of the upper deck to the upper surface of the inner bottom plate at the midpoint of the registered length of the longitudinal section of the ship.

(11) Ship size: Captain: The horizontal distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the stern column along the summer load waterline, also known as the length of two columns. Width: the horizontal distance between the outer edges of the two side ribs at the widest part of the hull.

depth: the vertical distance measured from the upper edge of the flat keel to the upper edge of the beam on the freeboard deck at the midpoint of the captain. (12) Draft: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the water surface.

plus the thickness of the flat keel, it is the actual draft. II. Types of Ships There are many kinds of ships for the carriage of goods by sea.

cargo ships can be divided into two categories according to their different uses: (1) Dry Cargo Ship can be divided into: 1. General Cargo Ship are generally ships that sail on busy cargo routes for a specified period and mainly carry sporadic groceries. This kind of ship has a fast sailing speed and is equipped with enough lifting equipment. The ship