If you want to write a paper on Japanese environmental awareness, what materials, books and the like can you refer to? Can you tell me the title of the book, thank you!

Visitors to Japan can often see a sign that says "Please take away the garbage" in the scenic spots with green mountains and grass. In Hokkaido National Wetland Reserve, we found that there are several kilometers of wooden plank roads in the wetland, and tourists consciously walk on these plank roads, and no one tramples on the wetland.

Learn to take out the garbage.

If you live in Japan, you must learn one thing: take out the garbage. In the community where I live, Monday and Thursday are the days to collect combustible garbage, Tuesday is the day to collect non-combustible garbage, and Friday is the day to collect old newspapers, bottles and cans and other recyclable garbage. In the mailbox downstairs, there is a garbage classification instruction. Small supermarkets nearby all have special recycling bins. In addition to beverage bottles, finished milk boxes are also included in special recycling.

While Japan is among the most developed countries, its life expectancy and forest coverage rate are the highest among industrial powers, and its environmental protection industry is also the most developed. The concept of circular economy is not only written into Japanese legal provisions, but also deeply rooted in the hearts of ordinary people.

Used to be a public hazard.

It may be hard for people who have been to Japan to imagine that such a clean country was once a famous pollution country. After World War II, Japan concentrated on developing heavy chemical industry. Due to the lack of effective environmental management, with the rapid development of economy, Japan's environment has become smoggy, and Seto Inland Sea has also become a famous "Dead Sea".

In 1950s and 1960s, residents everywhere in Japan fell ill due to environmental pollution: in Kumamoto Prefecture, local fishermen suffered from Minamata disease because the local nitrogen fertilizer factory directly discharged mercury-containing wastewater, which polluted Minamata Bay; In Shikoku, many residents around died of asthma because of the exhaust gas from petrochemical factories. In Toyama, many residents suffer from bone pain because of cadmium-containing wastewater discharged from the mining and smelting of local lead-zinc mines.

At the beginning, the local government and manufacturers tried their best to conceal the truth in order to safeguard their own economic interests. This caused a strong protest from people. Therefore, under the impetus of all parties, the Japanese government not only issued a series of environmental protection laws, but also tried to promote China people's conscious awareness of environmental protection with cultural concepts.

Enterprises are also environmentally friendly.

The concept of environmental protection is also deeply rooted in the production process of large Japanese enterprises. When visiting the factory building of Toyota Motor Corporation, we found that the final discharge link of the sewage treatment tank of the factory was actually regarded as a fish pond, in which many beautiful carp were raised.

At the same time, Japanese companies have also developed many environmentally friendly products. Japanese enterprises have mastered the technology of extracting resin from recycled plastic bottles, and plastic bottles used as drinking containers can be reused.

At present, in order to solve the problem of increasingly tight steel supply, Japanese enterprises have begun to plan to build high-rise buildings with wood. Wooden buildings can reduce the environmental burden: processing, assembly and even future demolition are simpler than using concrete, and there is no carbon dioxide emission in the whole process, and the demolished wood can be reused.

I hope that the experience and lessons accumulated by Japan can help us as a developing country to avoid detours and achieve a "win-win" situation for the environment and economy.

Environmentally friendly Japan

1From October 4th to12nd, a delegation of Guangdong university students paid a nine-day visit to Japan. In Japan, we visited Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Yokohama, Tokyo and other places of interest, and also visited Kobe Environmental Future Pavilion, Human and Future Disaster Prevention Center and other places. Through a few days of seeing, hearing and experiencing with my own eyes, I have a better understanding of Japan.

Among them, the most impressive thing is the cleanliness of Japanese urban streets. As a densely populated modern metropolis, Guangzhou may not be inferior to Tokyo and Yokohama in terms of urban hardware infrastructure such as high-rise buildings and three-dimensional transportation, but the sanitary conditions of the city are far from perfect. Everywhere in Guangzhou, you can see people throwing away paper towels, beverage bottles and other rubbish, and the external walls of buildings are mottled. In Japan, the streets everywhere are clean, the houses are clean and tidy, and even the public toilets are spotless, without any peculiar smell. What makes me even more incredible is that there are almost no garbage bins and large garbage stations on the streets of Japan, not to mention. Don't say it's in busy streets such as Ginza and Shinjuku. Even in residential areas, you can't find trash cans except for some trash cans next to beverage vending machines that specially discard beverage bottles and cans. It is said that Japanese usually take garbage home in plastic bags. For example, on the day of the host family, Miss Liang Zi, who received me, came to Kobe to take me to Himeji. I used several tissues along the way because of my cold. I asked her where the tissue went, and she told me that the trash can was hard to find and asked me to take it in my hand and throw it when I got home. Although carrying garbage along the way will make me feel inconvenient as a newcomer, objectively speaking, this practice does ensure the cleanliness of the city as a whole. If our country can introduce a policy of "taking garbage home" like this, I will definitely respond positively and vigorously promote it.

After visiting Kobe Environmental Future Pavilion, I have a more detailed understanding of garbage disposal in Japan. As early as a decade ago, Japan divided garbage into combustible garbage and nonflammable garbage for recycling, and now the classification of garbage is more detailed. As far as Hyogo Prefecture is concerned, residents are required to divide domestic garbage into six categories, and even beverage bottles should be divided into glass bottles, plastic bottles and aluminum cans for separate treatment. Residents are also required to rinse these bottles and cans before discarding them. Different kinds of garbage should be placed on different days of the week, and all kinds of garbage must be placed at the designated garbage collection place before 8 am that day. If you miss the time, you will have to wait until the next time to collect similar garbage. According to the staff of the Environmental Future Pavilion, it is nothing in Japan to divide garbage into six categories like Kobe. The town of Shangshengmachi in southern Japan has classified 34 kinds of garbage several years ago, and now the number has risen to 44.

In addition, Japan has many specific regulations on how to throw garbage. For example, domestic garbage should be sealed with special garbage bags, which has no pollution to the environment and is sold in general stores. Dangerous goods such as knives and broken glass should be wrapped in newspapers and labeled as "dangerous". Large cartons should be flattened and tied with ropes. If you have anything big to throw at home, such as furniture, large appliances, etc. You should also buy a special large-scale garbage disposal voucher and stick it on it, otherwise it will be rejected.

Such a complicated garbage sorting method also sounds like a headache, so Japanese children should learn the correct way to deal with garbage from an early age. For example, the Kobe Resource Reuse Center we visited is open to people free of charge, and many primary and middle school students will visit here during their study tour. The speakers are all retired people and volunteers. They will tell you the importance of garbage sorting and teach you how to distinguish different kinds of garbage. Indeed, if you want to live in Japan, you must learn to deal with garbage. For those who do not dispose of garbage according to regulations, the general government will send people to persuade them.

Japan is a society that produces a lot, consumes a lot and discards a lot, so the Japanese government and all walks of life pay attention to strengthening people's awareness of environmental protection everywhere. The government's propaganda has changed from 1R(recycle) to 3R(reduce, reuse, recycle), that is to say, firstly, we should reduce the amount of garbage, secondly, we should advocate reuse and repair, prolong the service life of articles, and finally, we should recycle resources. In daily life, for example, environmental protection slogans are printed on the packaging of various commodities. On beer cans, in addition to reminding minors not to drink alcohol, the most obvious sign is "This is aluminum products, please cooperate with recycling". Even on the business cards that people usually use, the words "This is printed with recycled paper" are openly printed.

Looking back at China, it is said that there are more than 6 billion tons of domestic waste and 6.6 billion tons of industrial waste in China, and the annual growth rate is 65.438+300 million tons. The per capita garbage output reaches 0.7 kg- 1.2 kg per day. China's garbage disposal problem is severe and urgent, and Japan's practice on this issue really has a lot to learn from.

Environmental protection agriculture in Japan

Environmental protection agriculture is developed from intensive agriculture. Due to economic problems, Japan, like other developed countries, has successively issued some specific policies to promote the development of environmental protection agriculture, and at the same time, increased publicity and strengthened the national awareness of environmental protection, so as to realize the sustainable development of agriculture as soon as possible.

Japan's rice research ranks at the advanced level in the world, and rice production also has its own characteristics. With the growth of population, the demand for yield is getting higher and higher, and soil nutrients tend to be insufficient. Must use human and animal feces, plant residues, etc. As compost and applied to rice fields, it will easily lead to eutrophication of rivers, lakes and closed sea areas, and drinking water may also be polluted. Therefore, relevant experts have conceived a specific attitude towards environmental protection agriculture from the perspective of water.

Purification of water. Purification along the water flow and wastewater reuse: on the one hand, activate the purification function of paddy field and reduce nitric acid by reducing soil; On the other hand, plants on both sides of the canal are used to remove nutrients.

Recycling and purification of water: When local underground water is irrigated to dry land through pipelines, its nutrients will be absorbed by soil and crops and purified. In this case, to some extent, it is necessary to have irrigation reservoirs and appropriate equipment to inhibit the emergence of algae.

Establish a regional water circulation system: consider the groundwater and surface water in the region together, establish a suitable regional water circulation system, and remove the nutrient-rich substances in the whole region. In order to reduce the load outside the region as much as possible, a regional environmental protection plan centered on agriculture is designed in the region to develop environmental protection agriculture.

Regional recycling of organic waste. In regional environmental protection agriculture, the organic wastes generated in the region should be recycled in the region, or the regional environment should be purified by reducing cultivated land.

There are mainly the following kinds of organic waste: livestock waste is used to produce self-sufficient feed, and the first thing is to apply livestock waste to cultivated land to maintain its fertility. If the price is right, this treatment method can also be considered for marketing. Special attention should be paid to the addition of heavy metals in feed and the moderate use of antibacterial powder.

Sludge, domestic wastewater, manure sludge and village drainage sludge should be reduced to suitable farmland as far as possible according to the characteristics and conditions, but they should meet certain texture standards. Sludge treatment is also limited by fertilizer ban and soil environmental standards related to heavy metals. At present, the reduction of cultivated land accounts for only one third of sludge. It is expected that with the improvement of living materials, the development of housing construction and waterway design, the utilization rate of sludge will be greatly improved.

Food industry, industrial and mining by-products and wastes, and food industry by-products are generally used as organic fertilizers. It is predicted that with the strengthening of environmental protection agriculture, the reduction of cultivated land will be higher and higher. Industrial and mining by-products such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and calcium silicate can be treated by direct application in agriculture or soil circulation.

Crop production process. The foundation of establishing regional material circulation system is the production process of crops in this region. This foundation determines the environmental capacity and becomes the basis of regional environmental planning. In Japan, organic, crop rotation and fertilization agriculture are regarded as the core of environmental protection agriculture, and organic matter is the basis of maintaining soil fertility. Crop rotation can avoid continuous cropping obstacles, and fertilization can regulate crop growth.

The harm of pesticides to users and the impact on the environment can not be ignored. Many times, harmful substances have been detected in groundwater in Japan. Therefore, Japan restricts the aerial seeding of pesticides near drinking water sources to avoid the reduction of natural enemies, advocate integrated pest control and reduce environmental load. Japanese experts believe that because soil disinfectants are not used, crop rotation and other measures have not significantly improved the yield, and should also be regarded as environmentally friendly agriculture.

Japan's environmental protection agriculture plan promotes "organic agriculture" as an aspect. Typical organic agriculture is crop cultivation without pesticides and fertilizers. While absorbing the achievements of organic agriculture, environmental protection agriculture plans to explore a road of separating food supply from environmental protection.

Japanese people have a strong sense of environmental protection.

Anyone who has been to Japan, whether for permanent residence, short-term visit or tourism, has almost left a deep impression on Japan's good environmental protection. The scenery here is beautiful, the sky is blue, and everything that can be green is green. Even the roofs of many buildings are planted with flowers and plants. According to the official statistics released by Japan, the green coverage rate in Japan is as high as 66%. Because green embraces Japan, there is no dust flying even if it is windy. For many years, there has never been a sandstorm in Japan.

It is reported that Japan has taken a long detour in attaching importance to environmental protection. After World War II, Japan was in full swing. In order to change the extremely difficult situation, the Japanese government has hardly considered how to protect the environment during the process of economic recovery. During the period of high-speed economic growth in the 1960s and 1970s, environmental damage occurred frequently, and the air was dirty and the environment was dirty, which also threatened people's health. The Japanese government has summed up the experience and lessons, and has always put environmental protection on the government's important agenda.

Changing ideas and strengthening environmental awareness are the key to solving environmental problems. To this end, the Japanese government starts with children. From primary school to high school, environmental protection is a compulsory course for students. Children not only learn environmental protection knowledge at school, but also organize students to go out of school, such as organizing students to do social surveys on garbage problems, or organizing them to visit garbage disposal sites and sewage treatment plants to increase children's environmental protection knowledge and awareness. Even if students are organized to travel abroad, some schools do not forget to launch a competition among students to see which class of tourist attractions is cleaner when they leave than when they first came. In addition, the school regularly communicates with parents and asks them to cooperate with the school to do a good job in environmental education for students. Many schools will regularly engage in some activities related to environmental protection, such as waste recycling, so that students and parents can take waste newspapers, plastic cans and other waste products from home to school, and schools and parents can send old materials to recycling stations, and the proceeds will buy some school supplies for students. After years of unremitting efforts, concern for environmental protection has become a part of Japanese life.

In order to properly and timely dispose of garbage, the Japanese government has also taken some concrete measures. In Tokyo, for example, the municipal government divides garbage into "combustible" and "nonflammable" categories, as well as glass bottles and iron-aluminum cans, and uniformly issues recycling bins, requiring residents to put garbage into different bins according to different categories. Although it is troublesome to classify garbage, people take it very seriously because of their strong awareness of environmental protection. In addition, the Japanese authorities have placed garbage collection boxes in shops, parks, parking lots, streets, squares and other places where garbage can be placed. Garbage collection boxes can be seen almost everywhere in Japan, and there are special people in charge.

There are many smokers in Japan. It is reported that the number of smokers accounts for 38.9% of Japan's total population, but smoking is not allowed in public places such as subways, elevators, hotel corridors and shopping malls, and people consciously abide by the regulations. Some smokers are very addicted to cigarettes. In order to solve the problem of cigarette ash, they always carry cigarette ash boxes made of plastic or metal with them when they go out, and never throw cigarette butts everywhere. In order to reduce automobile exhaust, the Japanese government encourages citizens to ride bicycles instead of walking, and stipulates that bicycles can walk on sidewalks to avoid traffic accidents.

Industrial waste is an important cause of environmental pollution. To this end, the Japanese authorities adopted a new monitoring system, using the Global Positioning System (GPS) to track the path of trucks transporting waste. The truck is equipped with sensors, and the satellite constantly photographs the suspected construction site to check the change of land shape, so as to find out the place where industrial waste is illegally dumped.

Due to the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the environmental protection concept of Japanese enterprises is also changing. Many enterprises have consciously strengthened environmental protection since they were forced to abide by environmental laws and regulations in the past. People gradually realize that environmental protection not only affects the overall situation, but also determines the survival of enterprises. Since 1999, Japan's "environmental accounting" system has been rapidly popularized in enterprises, and the number of enterprises that achieve "zero emission" has gradually increased.

It is particularly worth mentioning that in recent years, Japan has successively promulgated a series of laws and regulations, such as the Container Packaging Recycling Law, the Household Appliances Recycling Law and the Renewable Resources Utilization Promotion Law, and gradually improved the legal system in environmental protection. At present, the Basic Law of Circular Society (Draft) formulated by the Japanese government is in its infancy, and its implementation will make Japan turn from a modern economic society to a "circular economic society". The biggest feature of modern economy and society is "large-scale production, large-scale consumption and large-scale abandonment", and economic development and environmental destruction are carried out simultaneously; "Circular economy and society" is characterized by the sustainable development of "optimal production, optimal consumption and minimum waste". The establishment of "circular economy and circular society" will lead to major changes in the industrial structure and the development direction of science and technology, and bring new growth points to the economy and create new markets. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan predicts that by 20 10, the market scale related to the environment will increase from the current 15 trillion yen to 37 trillion yen, and the number of employed people will increase from the current 640,000 to140,000. Japan's Economic Planning Agency predicts that by 2020, the environmental industry will be one of the important pillars of Japan's economic growth. In Japan, paying attention to environmental protection has become a major concern of the whole country.

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