Where do the tourist attractions of Wuyishan belong?

Wuyishan Heritage is located in the east of Jiangxi Province in China and the northwest of Fujian Province, at the junction of Jiangxi and Fujian. Geographical coordinates are: 27 32 ′ 36 ″ ~ 27 55 ′15 ″ north latitude; East longitude117 24'12 "~118 02' 50", with a total area of 999.75 square kilometers. Minnan dialect, northern Fujian dialect and Putonghua are commonly used. According to the different characteristics of resources in the region, the whole region is divided into four protected areas, namely, the biodiversity protected area in the west, the Jiuquxi ecological protected area in the middle, the natural and cultural landscape protected area in the east and the Wangcheng site protected area in Fujian and Vietnam. The core area is 63,575 hectares and the core sub-area is 36,400 hectares. At the same time, the peripheral protection zone-buffer zone, covering an area of 27888 hectares, has been designated.

The western part of Wuyi Mountain is a key area for global biodiversity protection, with the most complete, typical and largest primitive forest ecosystem in the same latitude zone in the world. Orient Mountain combines water perfectly, and humanity and nature are organically integrated. It enjoys a high reputation for its beautiful scenery, long history and culture and numerous cultural relics. The central part is an important area connecting the east and the west, conserving the water source of Jiuqu River and maintaining a good ecological environment.

In view of the outstanding significance and universal value of Wuyishan's natural and cultural resources, the China Municipal Government suggested that Wuyishan declare the dual world natural and cultural heritage. Wuyi Mountain was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in February 1999, and became the wealth of all mankind.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to beautiful scenery

Fiona Fang, the main scenic spot in Wuyishan Scenic Area, covers an area of 70 square kilometers with an average elevation of 350 meters. It is a typical Danxia landform, known as "clear water and green mountains" and "southeast of Qixiujia". It is one of the first national key scenic spots. /kloc-0 was included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO in June, 1999 and won the title of "World Natural and Cultural Heritage". Become the wealth of all mankind.

The beauty of Wuyi lies in the mountains. Due to the ancient crustal movement, gravity collapse, rain erosion and weathering and peeling, strange changes have taken place in the mountain: the peaks and rocks rise and the valleys sink; The mountain color is reddish brown due to geothermal oxidation, and the mountain shape leans eastward due to extrusion. It is the most typical of more than 200 Danxia landforms in China. The movement of the earth's crust makes the strange peaks and rocks here in various shapes, some soaring into the sky, some stretching for miles, some hanging like screens, some standing proudly, some slim ... As far as the landscape of Wuyishan is concerned, it seems more attractive.

Wuyi's spirituality lies in water. There are many clear springs, waterfalls, mountain streams and streams at the foot of Wuyishan Mountain. The flowing water is like a song, which injects vitality, adds movement and breeds aura for Wuyishan. Among them, the most attractive is Jiuquxi. Jiuquxi originates from the southern foot of Huanggang Mountain in Wuyishan Nature Reserve, with a total length of 60 kilometers and flows through the scenic spot for 9.5 kilometers. The mountains are surrounded by water, and the water travels around the mountains, which has its own customs. Visitors can enjoy the magnificent mountains and rivers and the water color with their heads up on the bow-shaped bamboo raft from Xingcun Wharf. "The winding mountain turns, the peak water keeps flowing", which is a vivid portrayal of Jiuquxi.

Wuyishan city is rich in historical and cultural relics. As early as more than 4,000 years ago, ancestors worked and lived here, and gradually formed a unique "ancient Fujian" culture and the subsequent "Fujian and Guangdong" culture in a corner of China, which was famous at home and abroad, and lasted for more than 2,000 years, leaving many cultural relics and historical sites. The cultural characteristics of this period are mainly "building coffins for ships", "Hongqiao Board" and the site of the Wang Cheng of Fujian and Vietnam in the Han Dynasty, which covers an area of 480,000 square meters.

Wuyishan is closely related to Zhu's Neo-Confucianism. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism was conceived, formed and developed in Wuyishan. Zhu studied, wrote, taught and lived in Wuyishan for more than 50 years from the age of 14 to his death at the age of 7 1. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism germinated, matured and spread here. Zhu was founded in Wuyishan & gt When the Academy became the most influential academy at that time, more than 200 scholars directly studied with Zhu in Wuyishan, and many of them became famous Neo-Confucianism, forming an influential Neo-Confucianism school.

Wuyishan Scenic Area also has rare bamboo and wood, exotic flowers and herbs, rare birds and animals, and precious medicinal materials, especially Wuyi rock tea, which is rich in aroma and mellow in taste and is famous for its "homology of medicine and food".

[Edit this paragraph] Natural heritage

Wuyishan has unique and precious natural heritage value.

1. Wuyishan is a prominent example, which represents the process of biological evolution and the relationship between human beings and the natural environment.

Wuyishan preserves the most complete, typical and largest primitive forest ecosystem in the same latitude zone in the world, and the vertical belt spectrum of vegetation is obvious: with the elevation increasing, evergreen broad-leaved forest belt (350- 1400m, mountain red soil), coniferous and broad-leaved transition belt (500- 1700m, Mountain yellow red soil), temperate coniferous forest belt (11970m), mountain yellow soil has rare plant communities such as hemlock, buxus microphylla and Phyllostachys pubescens, covering almost all subtropical primary evergreen broad-leaved forest and rocky vegetation communities in China.

2. Wuyishan is a key area for global biodiversity protection and the habitat of rare and endangered species.

Wuyishan belongs to subtropical monsoon climate zone, with overlapping peaks and absolute height difference of1700 m, good ecological environment and special geographical location make it a "natural refuge" for many animals and plants in the process of geographical evolution, and its species resources are extremely rich.

3. Rich plant germplasm resources

There are 3728 known plants in Wuyi Mountain. The number of seed plants is in the forefront of the central subtropical region, with 365,438+0 species of 27 genera endemic to China and 3,728 species of Ginkgo biloba in relict plant. The number of seed plants is in the forefront in the subtropical region. There are 27 genera, 365,438+0 species endemic to China, many of which, such as Ginkgo biloba, are single species in relict plant. There are 28 rare and endangered plants listed in China Plant Red Book, such as Liriodendron chinense, silver bell tree, southern hemlock, ornamental tree and purple stem. There are 32 genera and 78 species of orchids in Wuyishan, among which Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum are new records in China and Eupatorium fortunei is new records in Fujian. There are 65,438+04 species of Pteris wuyiensis, Pteris wuyiensis, Pteris wuyiensis, Pteris wuyiensis, Pteris wuyiensis, etc., and as many as 6 species are named "Pteris wuyiensis". The ancient and famous trees in Wuyishan are ancient, large, rare and numerous, such as the 880-year-old ancient laurel in Wuyi Palace and the 980-year-old Taxus mairei in Keng, which are of great scientific research and preservation value.

4. Gene bank of rare and endemic wild animals

There are 565,438+065,438+00 known animal species in Wuyishan, including 765,438+0 mammals, 256 birds, 40 fishes, 35 amphibians, 73 reptiles and 4,635 insects (including more than 700 new species and 20 new records in China). Among the animal species, amphibians, reptiles and Kunqu Opera are famous for their numerous distributions. Biologists at home and abroad call Wuyi Mountain "the key to study amphibians and reptiles", "bird paradise", "snake kingdom" and "insect world". At present, there are 46 species of animals listed in CITES, including black muntjac, golden pheasant and golden pheasant1/species. There are 97 species protected by Sino-Japanese and Sino-Australian migratory bird protection agreements. There are 49 species of wild animals endemic to China, among which toads (horned monsters), lizards, scalelike snakes and hanging birds in Chong 'an are endemic to Wuyishan.

5. World-famous origin of type specimens

Wuyishan's rich germplasm resources have long been concerned by Chinese and foreign scientists and research institutions. /kloc-In the 9th century, scholars from Britain, France, America, Austria and other countries entered Wuyishan to collect specimens. Nearly 1000 species of wild animals and plants have been found or collected in Wuyishan, including: 57 species of plant model origin; Among the new species of wild animals, there are 779 insect-type specimens and 56 vertebrate-type specimens. Up to now, a large number of type specimens are still preserved in famous museums in London, new york, Berlin and Hawaii.

[Edit this paragraph] Natural landscape

Wuyishan has a unique and rare natural landscape, which belongs to a rare natural scenic spot and represents the harmony and unity between human beings and the natural environment.

1. Huanggang Mountain, the first peak in the southeast of China.

Mount Huanggang, the main peak, is 2158m above sea level, which is the highest peak in the southeast of China and is known as the "roof of East China". On the top of the mountain is the "Huanggang Mountain" monument erected by the Jiangxi Provincial People's Government. Due to the steep mountains and numerous peaks, the area is covered with fog all the year round, with abundant rainfall and warm climate, forming the largest and best-preserved forest ecosystem in the southeast of China. Huanggang Peak belongs to the core area of Wuyishan Nature Reserve. Due to the particularity of the reserve, it is not completely open to the outside world.

2. The natural scenery of Jiuquxi in Wuyishan is unique.

Jiuquxi originated in the west of Wuyi Mountain, with abundant water and clear water quality, with a total length of 62.8 kilometers. It flows through the ecological protection zone in the middle, twists and turns in the Danxia landform in the east, and is distributed in the mountain valley, controlled by the direction of deep faults, forming a deep meander, surrounded by mountains and valleys on all sides. A meander of 9.5 kilometers, with a straight line distance of only 5 kilometers and a curvature of 1.9 kilometers. The banks of Jiuquxi River are typical monoclinic Danxia landforms, with 36 strange peaks and 99 rocks. All the peaks and rocks are tilted at the top, with steep bodies and gentle feet. Looking up to the east, Malik is galloping with great momentum and various forms. The superior climate and habitat put a layer of green clothes on the mountain peak, and the green vegetation grows on the peaks and valleys at the foot of the mountain, creating the wonder of "trees grow on stones" and forming a rare natural landscape of wind.

Jiuquxi 3. Jiuquxi scenery is a model of perfect combination of mountains and rivers.

The meandering Jiuqu River runs through the peaks of Ya Dan, like a pearl jade belt, connecting 36 peaks and 99 rocks. The mountain stands beside the water, and the water flows around the mountain. The height of the peaks and rocks, the width and curvature of the river bed, the speed of the water flow, the size of the field of vision and the angle of view are all excellent, which constitutes the unique beauty of "one stream runs through the mountain and two rocks row the fairy cave". China's traditional poetry and painting are dissolved in the colors of mountains and rivers. You can see the clear water and clear streams when you climb, the strange peaks and rocks when you wade, and you can appreciate the beauty of extraordinary, varied and colorful images when you ride down the river on an antique bamboo raft. You can taste the beauty of spring songs, birds singing, waves canoeing, brown stones and green trees and red flowers; You can see the dynamic beauty of fish, birds and tourists; You can see the misty beauty around the mountains, the waist locked by fog and the peaks covered by rain. It's like walking through the fantastic landscape gallery, listening to the rich and varied symphony chapters, enjoying the unique charm of Yaochi song and dance, and enjoying the beautiful poems with rhythm. You are ecstatic, ecstatic. This is the essence of Wuyishan's natural landscape, which is a must in the world.

The Jiuqu River in Wuyishan is an outstanding representative of the harmony and unity between man and nature.

Nature has endowed Wuyishan with a unique and superior natural environment, attracting scholars, writers and military commanders from all previous dynasties to visit, live in seclusion and write, or learn from teachers in the mountains, wave after wave, you come and go. Natural landscape edifies people's temperament and enlightens people's wisdom. The active exchange of human beings has developed Wuyi Mountain, adding luster to the natural landscape. The wisdom of the ancestors and the obstruction of the scribes left many cultural relics on both sides of the Jiuqu River: the sunken ship of 18 has been hanging on the cliff for thousands of years; There are 35 sites of Confucian Academy, including Zhu, You Zuo, Cai, etc. There are more than 450 ancient cliff stone carvings, which can be called the treasure house of ancient calligraphy art in China. Among them, the ancient government and villagers imposed a 13 ban on Wuyi landscape, animal and plant protection; There are more than 60 temples and temples, and there are Buddhist monks and Taoist priests. These remains are scattered everywhere, such as bright gems, embedded in the streams, peaks, peaks and cliffs of Wuyishan, which integrate the wisdom of the ancients, the thoughts of the sages and the labor of the people into the natural landscape, adding a rich cultural atmosphere to Wuyishan, reaching the realm of harmony between man and nature and giving people a harmonious aesthetic feeling. This is extremely rare in many landscapes in China. 1982, Wuyi Mountain, as a famous tourist attraction in China, was included in the first batch of national scenic spots in the name of Wuyishan Scenic Spot in Fujian with the approval of the State Council. On May 8, 2007, Wuyishan Scenic Area in Nanping City was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.

[Edit this paragraph] Cultural heritage

From the historical and scientific point of view, Wuyishan City has outstanding and universal value, which not only provides a unique witness for the ancient civilization and cultural tradition that have disappeared, but also has a direct and substantial connection with Neo-Confucianism, which conforms to the third and fifth standards of world cultural heritage.

1. The cultural remains of "ancient Fujian and Vietnam" and "Fujian and Vietnam" in Wuyishan are the historical testimony of the ancient civilization that has disappeared.

Wuyishan city is rich in historical and cultural relics. As early as more than 4,000 years ago, ancestors worked and lived here, and gradually formed a unique "ancient Fujian" culture and the subsequent "Fujian and Guangdong" culture in a corner of China, which was famous at home and abroad, and lasted for more than 2,000 years, leaving many cultural relics and historical sites. The cultural characteristics of this period are mainly "building coffins for ships", "Hongqiao Board" and the site of the Wang Cheng of Fujian and Vietnam in the Han Dynasty, which covers an area of 480,000 square meters.

The coffin and Hongqiao board in the cliff cave in the east of Wuyishan are the burial tools of ancient ancestors, which have been more than 3000 years since. The cotton piece in the coffin is the earliest cotton textile discovered in China so far. Wuyi Jiahe Boat Coffin is the oldest hanging coffin found in China. Therefore, Wuyi Mountain is regarded by archaeologists as the birthplace of hanging coffin burial custom, and its physical objects are extremely precious materials for studying the history of China before Qin Dynasty and the disappearing ancient Fujian culture.

The site of Seoul covers an area of 480,000 square meters and is of great historical, cultural and research value. It is the most complete preserved site of the ancient city of Han Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River in China, and it is unique in site selection, architectural technology and style. It is a typical representative of ancient southern cities in China and occupies an important position in the architectural history of China and the world. At present, a large number of precious cultural relics have been excavated, such as daily pottery, ceramic building materials, tiles, iron bronzes and so on. They respectively represented the advanced productive forces at that time, embodied the highest level of Chinese civilization, and provided important physical materials for studying the rise and fall of Fujian and Yue nationalities in Han Dynasty and the history of economic and cultural development in the south of the Yangtze River.

2. Zhu (1 130- 1200) is the greatest thinker, philosopher and educator in China history after Confucius.

He collected the academic thoughts below Confucius, formed the outstanding representative of Confucianism-Zhuzi Neo-Confucianism, and was appointed as the official orthodox philosophical thought, and constructed the ideological system and theory that has been dominant in China for more than 700 years from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty (13rd century to the 20th century), representing the traditional national spirit with universal significance, influencing as far as East Asia, Europe and America, and becoming the embodiment of East Asian civilization. Up to now, Japanese Zhuzi School and Korean Zhuzi School (Pushing the West School) are still preserved abroad, attracting experts and scholars from dozens of countries to devote themselves to the study of Neo-Confucianism. There are doctoral research institutes in Zhuzi in universities such as Trier University in Germany, Leiden University in the Netherlands, Stockholm in Sweden, Columbia University in the United States, Harvard and Hawaii. From 65438 to 0982, four Zhu International Seminars were held in Hawaii, Xiamen, Wuyishan and Taipei to discuss the origin and development of Neo-Confucianism culture and Confucianism and the realistic influence of Zhu Neo-Confucianism.

Wuyishan is closely related to Zhu's Neo-Confucianism. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism was conceived, formed and developed in Wuyishan. Zhu studied, wrote, taught and lived in Wuyishan for more than 50 years from the age of 14 to his death at the age of 7 1. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism germinated, matured and spread here. The Wuyi Jingshe Academy, founded by Zhu in Wuyishan, became the most influential academy at that time. There were more than 200 scholars studying directly in Wuyishan, many of whom became famous Neo-Confucianism scholars and formed an influential Neo-Confucianism school. Under the influence of Zhu, the neo-Confucians of all ages took preaching and teaching as their own responsibility, and chose to build houses on the foundation at the foot of Wuyishan River to write about Christians. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties alone, 43 famous scholars founded academies in Wuyishan, making Wuyishan a famous Neo-Confucianism mountain. Professor, a famous historian in China, praised: "Born in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Zhu was born in the Southern Song Dynasty. China ancient culture, Mount Tai and Wuyi ". The activities of Zhu, his disciples and descendants in Wuyishan have left extremely precious cultural relics for Wuyishan, such as Wuyi Jingshe, where the academy is located, philosophical inscriptions such as "the development of the dead", "self-cultivation-oriented" and "moving with wisdom" written by Zhu, and the "Wuyi tombstone" founded by Zhu. These cultural remains are very precious for studying the rise and fall of Zhu's Neo-Confucianism and Confucianism, as well as the ideal history of China's philosophy, and they are the treasures of China's traditional culture.