Introduce Japan objectively. (Including Japanese customs, culture, scenery, humanities, geography, etc. )

1, geographical location

Japan is located at the eastern end of the Eurasian continent and belongs to Asia. It is an island country, surrounded by the sea, extending in an arc from northeast to southwest. To the east and south are the endless Pacific Ocean, bounded by the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea to the west, and the Sea of Okhotsk to the north, facing North Korea, South Korea, China, Russia and the Philippines across the sea.

2. Region and regional division

Japan is equivalent to Yunnan Province.

The total area of Yunnan Province is 394,000 square kilometers, accounting for 4. 1% of the total land area of China.

Japan covers an area of 377,748 square kilometers.

Total land area: including the small island, it is 377,835 square kilometers, including 374,744 square kilometers of land area and 309 1 square kilometer of water area. Physical geography: Located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, it is an arc island country extending from northeast to southwest. It is separated from China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia by the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Korean Strait and the Sea of Japan. The land area is 377,880 square kilometers, including Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu and more than 6,800 other small islands. The territorial sea area is 3 10000 square kilometers. There is a territorial dispute with Russia over the "four northern islands" (called "South Kuril Islands" by Russia) and a territorial dispute with South Korea over Zhudao (called "Dokdo" by South Korea). Mountains and hills account for 7 1% of the total area. There are more than 160 volcanoes in China, of which more than 50 are active volcanoes, which is a world-famous earthquake zone. Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in China and an active volcano, with an altitude of 3,776 meters. Hot springs are all over the country. The rivers in the territory are short and rich in hydropower resources. The longest Xinnong River is about 367 kilometers long. The largest lake is Lake Biwa, with an area of 672.8 square kilometers. Because it is surrounded by the sea, it belongs to the temperate maritime monsoon climate, which is mild and humid all year round. Compared with the same latitude area, there is no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. There are many typhoons in summer and autumn, and it rains in June. 1 Monthly average temperature is -6℃ in the north and16℃ in the south; In July, it was 17℃ in the north and 28℃ in the south. The annual precipitation is 700-3500mm, and the maximum is over 4000mm.

3. Topography and landform

Japan is mountainous, and the mountains are distributed in the central part of Japan in a ridge shape, which divides Japan's territory into one side of the Pacific Ocean and one side of the Sea of Japan, and the mountains and hills account for 765,438+0% of the total area. Japan is located in the Pacific volcanic earthquake zone, with frequent volcanic activities, which has brought great troubles to the lives of local people. There are more than 160 volcanoes in China, of which more than 50 are active volcanoes, which is a world-famous earthquake zone. This is why it is called the land of volcanic earthquakes. Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in China, with an altitude of 3776 meters. In the volcanic distribution area, with beautiful scenery and rich hot spring resources, it has become a famous tourist attraction.

4. Rivers, plains and lakes

Most rivers in Japan originate in the central mountainous areas and flow eastward and westward into the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan. Because Japan is long and narrow from east to west, the mountains are steep and the rivers are short and urgent. In rainy season and typhoon season, the amount of water increases, which is easy to form floods. To this end, Japan has built a large number of flood control dams and reservoirs. River water is widely used for domestic water, agricultural and industrial water and hydropower generation. The plains in Japan are mainly distributed in the downstream coastal areas of rivers, mostly alluvial plains, with a small scale. The larger plains include Kanto Plain, Shikai Plain, Yuehou Plain, Houwei Plain and Shi Sheng Plain.

The largest lake is Lake Biwa, with an area of 672.8 square kilometers.

5. Coastline and Ocean

Japan's coastline is 33,889 kilometers long. As Japan is an island country, its coastline is very complicated. There are many cliffs in the Sea of Japan in the west, few ports, and many estuaries in the Pacific Ocean in the east, forming many natural ports.

In the East Pacific Ocean, it is surrounded by the Japanese warm current (Kuroshio) from south to north, and the Kuroshio cold current (pro-tide) forms in the northeast. In the West Sea of Japan, there are warm currents and Riemann cold currents flowing to Malaysia. At the intersection of cold current and warm current, there are abundant fish resources and become natural fishing grounds. Because it is surrounded by the sea, it has a temperate maritime monsoon climate, which is mild and humid all year round, with no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. There are many typhoons in summer and autumn, and it rains in June. 1 Monthly average temperature is -6℃ in the north and16℃ in the south; In July, it was 17℃ in the north and 28℃ in the south. The annual precipitation is 700-3500mm, and the maximum is over 4000mm. In recent years, El Nino, which has caused the sea water to warm, has also had an impact on Japan, mainly because the duration of plum rains is prolonged, and it is easy to form Leng Xia and warm winter.

6. Geomorphology and Geology

From the point of view of plate tectonics, Japan is located at the extinction boundary of Asia-Europe plate and Pacific plate, and it is a part of the combination of island arc, coastal mountains and trenches in the western Pacific. 68% of this country is mountainous. The highest mountain in Japan is the famous Mount Fuji, with an altitude of 3776 meters. Because there are few plains, crops are planted on many mountains in Japan, and the largest plain is Kanto Plain. Japan is located in the volcanic seismic belt around the Pacific Ocean. One tenth of the world's volcanoes are located in Japan, and volcanic activities often occur all over the country. There will be several major earthquakes every century; The Hanshin earthquake and the Sino-Vietnamese earthquake in Niigata Prefecture in recent years are both strong earthquakes with magnitude above 6 on the Richter scale, which have attracted the attention of all countries in the world. There are many hot springs in Japan, which have developed into tourist attractions.

Because Japan's islands extend to the northeast for a long time, and the north and south span about 20 degrees latitude, there are many climate types. Most of the climate types are temperate monsoon climate, while Kyushu Island, Shikoku and Ryukyu Islands in the south are subtropical monsoon climate. The northern islands are warm in summer, long and cold in winter, and often have a lot of snowfall. In the central and western regions, it is dry in winter, seldom snows, and humid in summer.

Japan is an island country, deeply influenced by Kuroshio, with remarkable maritime climate and beautiful cherry blossoms.

7. Japanese climate

Japan is deeply influenced by Kuroshio, pro-tide and other ocean currents, with obvious maritime climate and small annual temperature difference. The climate in most parts of Japan is mild. However, due to the long-term extension of Japan's islands from southwest to northeast, and the difference between north and south latitudes is about 20 degrees, there are still great differences in climate throughout the country, which can be divided into six climatic zones, namely:

Climate in Hokkaido: Hokkaido is not affected by plum rains, and the rainfall is less than that in other parts of Japan. Summer is short and cool; Winter is long and cold.

Japan's coastal climate: the range is the western coastal area of Honshu Island. Winter is controlled by Siberian high, and the northwest wind blows. At the same time, because the warm current in winter brings a lot of water vapor to the horse current passing through the Sea of Japan, it often snows heavily. There is less precipitation in summer, and sometimes there is abnormal high temperature due to foehn.

Central plateau climate: typical inland climate. It is cold in winter and cool in summer. There is a great temperature difference between winter and summer and day and night. Low rainfall

Pacific side climate: including the east coast of Honshu, Shikoku and most parts of Kyushu. Influenced by the southeast monsoon in summer, there are many strong typhoons in Meiyu period. In winter, there is less snowfall.

Seto Inland Sea Climate: Including Yang Shan, Shikoku, Feng Jingen and parts of Kyushu. The weather here is often sunny, with little rainfall and suffering from drought from time to time.

Climate of Nanxi Islands: The range is Ryukyu Islands. It belongs to subtropical climate, with hot summer and warm winter. Rainstorm. Typhoons often strike in summer.

The precipitation in Japan is the highest in the world. The main reasons include winter snowfall in Japan's coastal areas; Continuous plum rains in June-July (May-June in Okinawa and Amami); And typhoons that landed in or near Japan from summer to autumn. The highest recorded temperature in Japan is 40.9 degrees, which was measured on August 16, 2007 in Kumagaya City, saitama and Tojima City, Gifu Prefecture. The lowest recorded temperature is -4 1 degree, which was 10+degree measured in Asahikawa, Hokkaido on October 25th.

[Edit this paragraph] A brief history of Japan

About 1 century, there were more than 100 small countries in Japan (some of them established diplomatic relations with the Eastern Han Dynasty). Later, these small countries gradually unified.

In the 4th century, Kansai established a relatively large country. It is said that the ancestors of the royal family finally unified them today. At that time, Japan included western Honshu, northern Kyushu and Shikoku.

Therefore, it will take a long time for this country to be unified. Therefore, it is difficult to make an accurate judgment on the exact date of the birth of Japan. According to Records of Historical Records and Records of Japan, the first emperor Emperor Jimmu was founded in 660 BC and acceded to the throne. The date of his accession to the throne is equivalent to 1 1 in the current Gregorian calendar, so this day is designated as the "founding day".

[Edit this paragraph] Administrative divisions

Prefectures in Japan are parallel administrative regions directly under the central government, but all prefectures have autonomy. There are cities, towns and villages. Its official position is called "Hall", that is, "Metropolitan Hall", "Daoting Hall", "Government Hall" and "County Hall", and its chief executive is called "Governor". Each city, prefecture, county has several cities, towns (equivalent to towns in China) and villages under its jurisdiction. Its offices are called service centers, that is, city service centers, town service centers and village service centers, and the chief executive is called mayor, mayor and village head.

Japan is divided into 47 first-level administrative regions: 1 capital, 1 road, 2 prefectures and 43 counties.

Capital: Tokyo (とぅきょぅ), located at the southern end of Kanto Plain in Honshu, governs 23 special zones, 27 cities, 5 towns, 8 villages, Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, with a total area of 2 155 square kilometers and a population of 65,435. 1868, after the Meiji Restoration in Japan, the emperor moved here from Kyoto and changed Edo to Tokyo, becoming the capital of Japan. 1943, the Japanese government issued a decree to change Tokyo to Tokyo, expanding its jurisdiction.

Ryukyu Islands: Okinawa Prefecture (In order to realize its containment strategy at the end of World War II, the United States placed the Diaoyu Islands under the jurisdiction of the United States. 1971June, the United States ceded Diaoyu Island in China and Okinawa to Japan. It was in accordance with this agreement that Japan took over the Diaoyu Islands the following year. )

Note: Diaoyu Island has been the territory of China since ancient times.

[Edit this paragraph] Japanese politics

Japan is a constitutional monarchy country. The Constitution stipulates that "sovereignty lies with the people" and the Emperor is "a symbol of unity between Japan and the people". The emperor of Japan, like most constitutional monarchy countries in the world, has only the name of the head of state and no real political power, but he is highly respected by the people.

Japan's political system is divided into three powers: legislative power belongs to bicameral parliament; Judicial power belongs to the court, that is, the court; Executive power belongs to the Cabinet, local public organizations and central ministries and agencies.

According to the Constitution, the highest organ of state power is the National Assembly, with 480 seats in the House of Representatives and 242 seats in the Senate. Voters are nationals over the age of 20.

Starting from 1955, the Liberal Democratic Party, formerly known as the conservative contract, was in power for a long time, but it was temporarily replaced by its rivals from 1993 to 1996, and it came to power from 1996. Other opposition parties include the Democratic Party of Japan, the Social Democratic Party of Japan and the Japanese Production Party. At present, the Japanese Liberal Democratic Party and Komeito Coalition government are in power.

Japan's unique geographical conditions and long history have given birth to a unique Japanese culture. Cherry blossoms, kimonos, haiku and samurai, sake and Shintoism constitute two aspects of traditional Japan-chrysanthemum and sword. Japan has a famous "three paths", namely, Japanese folk tea ceremony, flower path and book path.

Tea ceremony, also known as tea soup (tea tasting), has been loved by the upper class as an aesthetic ceremony since ancient times. Tea ceremony is a unique tea ceremony and social etiquette. Nowadays, tea ceremony is widely accepted by the general public to train concentration or cultivate manners. Many schools in Japan teach the techniques of various schools of tea ceremony, and many hotels also have tea rooms, where you can easily enjoy the performances of tea ceremony. However, the Japanese tea ceremony was finally introduced to Japan from China during the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty. In ancient times, Japan had contacts with China. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, a large number of Japanese envoys came to China and were deeply influenced by China. The Japanese call "China is the hometown of Japanese tea ceremony".

The flower path was born as a technology to replicate the flowers in the wild in the teahouse. Because of the different rules and methods of exhibition, pattern science can be divided into more than 20 schools, and there are also many schools in Japan that teach various schools of pattern science techniques. In addition, in hotels, department stores, public facilities halls and other places, you can enjoy the beautifully decorated art of flower arrangement. Taboo lotus, think lotus is a funeral flower. Avoid camellia, chrysanthemum is a symbol of the royal family.

Sumo originated from the religious ceremony of Japanese Shintoism. People hold competitions for the god of harvest in temples, hoping to bring a good harvest. In Nara and heian period, sumo was a court sport, but in Kamakura and the Warring States period, sumo became a part of samurai training. Professional sumo began in the18th century, which is very similar to the present sumo competition. Shinto ceremony emphasizes sumo, and the purpose of stamping before the game is to drive away the evil spirits in the field and also to relax the muscles. Salt should be sprinkled on the ruins to achieve the purpose of purification, because Shinto believes that salt can drive away ghosts. Sumo is played on the table. The whole table is square, with a circle in the middle and a diameter of 4.55 meters. In the competition, two lux stood almost naked on the stage with their hair in a bun and pocket belts. In the competition, Lux must not touch the table or cross the circle except the sole of his foot. You can decide the game in a minute or two or even a few seconds. Sumo referee * * * consists of six people. The referee is the "secretary" with a folding fan, and the other five people are in the front row, east, west and referee's seat respectively. The highest rank of Hercules is "Yokozuna". Here are the Grand View, Guan Wei, Summary and Neck Front. These four levels are called "in-screen" and belong to the upper level of Lux. Again, there are twelve scenes, in addition to which there are three subordinate items and three sequences. Students in the preface and the second paragraph can only do odd jobs such as fetching water and sweeping the floor. Only after the third paragraph, the master will teach some skills, while the students in the twelfth paragraph are all professional sumo wrestlers, known as "Lux", who not only have wages, but also can participate in various competitions to win bonuses. Few players can reach the Guanxiehe Pass. Once a sumo wrestler arrives in Yokozuna, he can almost be said to be at the apex of the Japanese sumo world, and will have the supreme glory for life. At present, there are only 68 Yokozuna in Japanese sumo history; Sumo is different from many sports, and its level is uncertain. Failure or failure will lead to its level decline.

Kimono is the name of traditional Japanese national costume. It is also called "persistence" in Japan. Kimono is modeled after the clothes of Sui, Tang and Wu in China, so it is called "Kimono of Mary Ng" and "Tang suit" in Japan. Kimono is the western name of Wu's clothing. Now the Japanese have accepted this name, but many shops selling kimonos still write "Wu's clothing". In the 8th and 9th centuries, Tang Feng was once popular in Japan. Although it changed later and formed a unique Japanese style, it still contains some characteristics of ancient Chinese clothing. The different styles and colors of women's kimonos are the signs that distinguish age and marriage. For example, unmarried girls wear tight sleeves and married women wear wide sleeves; Comb "Teru Shimada" hairstyle (one of Japanese hairstyles, bowl-shaped). The girl is wearing a red collar shirt and a bun, and the housewife is wearing a plain shirt. Kimono doesn't need buttons, just a knotted belt. There are many kinds of belts, and the method of knotting is different. A widely used method of tying knots is called "Taikoo Knot". There is a paper or cloth core in the belt where the waist is tied, which looks like a square box. This is the decoration behind the kimono that we often see. Because tying knots is very troublesome, there are ready-made "improvement belts" and "cultural belts" after the war. Although today's Japanese daily clothes have long been replaced by suits, kimono is still recognized as a must-wear dress for weddings, celebrations, traditional flower patterns, tea ceremonies and other grand social occasions.

Judo enjoys a high reputation all over the world. The basic principle of judo is not to attack, but to use the opponent's strength to protect the body. The grade of judo players is expressed by the color of their belts (primary: white/advanced: black). Judo is the development of boxing in China, which originated from Shaolin. Chen Yuanzan, a martial arts expert from China in the late Ming Dynasty, introduced China traditional martial arts into Fusang (modern edition) and became the forerunner of modern judo in the world.

Kendo is a Japanese fencing sport, which originated from samurai's important martial arts fencing. According to strict rules, the contestants wear special protective equipment and stab each other's head, body and fingertips with bamboo knives.

Karate is a fighting sport introduced to Japan from China via Ryukyu Kingdom (now Okinawa). Karate does not use any weapons, only fists and feet. Compared with other fighting sports, karate is a practical form of sports.

Aikido was originally just a kind of exercise to practice "shape", and its basic idea is not to use force against power. Compared with judo and karate, Aikido, as a mental exercise and fitness exercise, is very popular with the elderly and women.

Calligraphy, when it comes to calligraphy, I believe many people will think it is a unique art in China. In fact, calligraphy is not only popular in Japan, but also one of the ways people cultivate their temperament. In ancient Japan, calligraphy was called "Tathagata" or "calligraphy", and the word "calligraphy" did not appear until the Edo period (17th century). In Japan, the popularity of writing Chinese characters with a brush should be after the introduction of Buddhism. Monks and Buddhists copied scriptures with a brush, imitating China.

Noko is a traditional Japanese drama and one of the oldest extant dramas in the world. Nengju originated from ancient dance drama forms and various festival dramas held in Japanese shrines and monasteries in the12nd century or13rd century. "Neng" means talent or skill. Actors hint at the essence of the story through facial expressions and body movements, rather than showing it. Now this kind of drama still has tenacious vitality in Japan.

Kabuki, like Nobuko, is one of the most representative traditional dramas in Japan. Like Beijing Opera in China, it is a comprehensive stage art with music and dance as its core and composed of lines, songs and martial arts scenes. Kabuki originated from a woman named "Izumo Afghanistan" at the beginning of17th century. She was very good at performing social customs at that time and was very popular with people. But since then, with the changes of the times, kabuki has been changed to all roles played by men, even women, and this tradition has continued to this day.

Sushi is a kind of food made of sashimi (さしみ), raw shrimp, raw fish powder and so on. Mix with white rice, vinegar, seafood, horseradish, etc. Knead into a rice ball. There are many kinds of sushi, not less than hundreds, and sushi in different regions also has its own characteristics. Most of them are prepared with rice and vinegar first, then wrapped with fish, meat and eggs, and wrapped with laver or bean skin. When eating raw fish sushi, drink Japanese green tea or sake, which has a special taste.

urban population

Major cities and population distribution in Japan

The capital of Japan is Tokyo, which is also one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. The population of Tokyo Special Economic Zone is about 8.6 million, and the population of Tokyo-centered metropolitan area including Kanagawa Prefecture, saitama Prefecture and Chiba Prefecture is about 33 million. Japan's imperial residence, National Assembly Hall, Cabinet, Supreme Court, provincial offices, embassies of various countries in Japan, headquarters of large enterprises, Japanese banks, securities companies, department stores, newspapers and television stations are all concentrated in Tokyo. At present, many vice capitals have been formed in and around Tokyo.

If the 23rd district of Tokyo is regarded as a city, there are 12 cities with a population of over one million in Japan.

Japanese economy

Japan has a highly developed economy and a high standard of living. It is one of the richest, most developed and highest living standards countries in the world. In terms of GDP, in 2007, according to the international exchange rate, Japan's GDP was 4.385 trillion US dollars, ranking second in the world, accounting for 8. 1% of the world's GDP. Per capita GDP is $34,326, ranking 19 in the world. If calculated by purchasing power parity, GDP ranks third in the world (after the United States and China), and per capita GDP ranks 16 in the world. In addition, Japan is the second largest creditor country in the world; At the end of 2004, Japan's overseas net assets reached10.8 trillion US dollars, which is also the largest in the world.

The government supports industries and enterprises with funds, a strong labor force, high-tech development and a low military budget ratio (1% of GDP), which helps Japan's economy develop at a high speed and become a scientific and technological power and the second largest economic system in the world after the United States. Japan's economy is characterized by close integration of manufacturers, suppliers and distributors, strong enterprise alliances and close teamwork, seniority system and lifelong employment system. Recently, Japanese companies began to give up these systems in part in order to seek more profits.

Japan's service industry, especially banking, finance, shipping, insurance and business services, accounts for the largest proportion of GDP and is in a leading position in the world. Tokyo, the capital, is not only the largest city and economic center in China, but also one of the best financial, shipping and service centers in the world. The annual trading volume of Tokyo Stock Exchange is second only to that of new york Stock Exchange in the world. In 2006, the total market value of Tokyo Stock Exchange reached 549.7 trillion yen, and in 2007, the total market value of Tokyo Stock Exchange reached 4.33 trillion US dollars, ranking second.

Since World War II, Japan's manufacturing industry has developed rapidly, especially the electronics industry and automobile manufacturing industry. Japan's Mitsubishi is the world's super-enterprise chaebol, second only to America's GM. In 2007, there were only 1 1 of Mitsubishi's Fortune 500 companies. Japan's famous electronics industry and high-tech manufacturers include Sony, Panasonic, Canon, Sharp, Toshiba and Hitachi. In the automobile industry, Japanese companies have surpassed the United States and Germany in automobile production and become the largest automobile producer in the world. Among them, Toyota, Mazda, Honda and Nissan all produce cars for the global market. Japan has the largest bank in the world-Postal Savings Bank, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Mizuho Financial Group and Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, which play an important role in the world financial community.

From11960 s to11980 s, the Japanese economy maintained high growth for more than 20 years, which was regarded as a miracle: in11960 s, Ikeda Hayato's cabinet put forward the "income multiplication plan", and the economy showed an average growth of 10%; In the early days of 1970, despite the oil crisis, it increased by 5% on average. 1980s, with an average growth rate of 4%. From the 1960s to the 1990s, Japan's economy tended to be in a downturn, mainly due to the asset expansion caused by excessive investment in the 1960s and the "bubble" in the securities and real estate markets. Finally, the bubble economy collapsed due to the high surplus rate and the continuous appreciation of the yen. The government's efforts to reform the economy did not achieve immediate results. Since February 2002, Japan's prosperity has been expanding, setting a record for the longest post-war recovery period, and many enterprises have created the best performance in history. After 2007, as the world economy entered a recession cycle, Japan's economy was in a difficult situation.

Education system

Famous institution of higher learning: Tokyo University: founded in April 1877; Undergraduate students 15620, graduate students 12469, 2073 international students and 7607 teachers. Kyoto University: founded in June1897; Undergraduate students 13567, graduate students 8246; 1 197 international students; There are 53 10 teachers. Waseda University: founded in1882; There are 44,576 undergraduates, 6 147 postgraduates, 0/502 international students and 4,677 teachers. Keio University: founded in1858; There are 278 undergraduates14, 3663 postgraduates, about 500 international students, and teachers 17 15. (The number of teachers and students in Waseda University is as of April 2002, and others are as of May 2002. )

News and publication

There is 12 1 comprehensive daily. Japanese is divided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 grades, of which 1 is the highest. Japanese characters are composed of Chinese characters, pseudonyms and Roman characters. There are two ways to read Chinese characters, one is phonetic reading and the other is training reading. Kanas is divided into hiragana and katakana. Both Hiragana and Katakana fonts are copied from Chinese. There were no characters in ancient Japan. After the cultural exchange with China, the Japanese created Hiragana with cursive characters and Katakana with the radicals of Chinese characters. But also because of foreign languages and foreign names. Onomatopoeic words, animal and plant names. In Japanese, ひら means easy and simple, while かた means one-sided and incomplete. If you don't think it's easy to remember, remember that Japanese people usually use Hiragana in their daily lives, and the fonts look like they are used, and one piece is Katakana. The pronunciation of Japanese is not difficult. It is basically a syllable (ぁぃぅぇぉ) composed of five vowels. Compared with more than a dozen vowels in Chinese, some vowels in Japanese are generally found in Chinese.

social customs and habits

Greetings between Japanese people are basically expressed by bowing. When standing, put your feet together, stand up straight and bow your head. From general salute to upper body to 90-degree bow. According to the degree of etiquette, the angle of bow is varied. In a room covered with "tatami", you must sit down and salute.

Sitting posture: In schools and companies, people usually sit in chairs. But at home, the Japanese still maintain the traditional life of sitting on tatami. Recently, in ordinary families, the number of western-style bedrooms and restaurants has increased, so the younger generation who don't eat tatami is also increasing.

Wave: Let go of your palm gently and swing your wrist back and forth several times from front to side. This method can be used regardless of gender and age. But it is impolite to wave to people with high status and deep qualifications, and we should try our best to avoid it.

Self: it means "that's me" and "is it me?" When waiting for meaning, the index finger points to the nose.

Long live: this is a gesture of raising your hand to show your happiness when you win a game or encounter good luck. In most cases, everyone cheers "Long live" at the same time to express their feelings of celebrating luck and wishing happiness.

Address: When addressing Japanese people, you can address them as "Mr.", "Miss" and "Madam", or you can add the word "Jun" after your surname and address them as "XXX". Only on very formal occasions do you need to use your full name when addressing Japanese people.

places of historic interest and scenic beauty

Mount Fuji: Mount Fuji is the highest peak in Japan and a symbol of the Japanese nation. It is praised as a "holy mountain" by the Japanese people. Mount Fuji is located in south-central Honshu, 80 kilometers east of Tokyo, with an area of 90.76 square kilometers and an altitude of 3,776 meters. The top of the mountain is towering into the sky, and the top of the mountain is covered with snow. The mountain is conical, like an upside-down fan. A Japanese poet once wrote "Jade Fan hangs upside down in the East China Sea". "Fuji Snow Reflects the Asahi" and other poems to praise it. Since written records in Japan, Mount Fuji has erupted 18 times, the last time in 1707, and since then it has become a dormant volcano.

Tokyo Tower: Tokyo Tower is the tallest tower in Japan. It is located in Tokyo and was built in 1958. It is modeled after the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. It is 333 meters high and is the highest point in Tokyo. The tower is a pyramid with three colors of yellow, white and red, which is bright and dazzling. There are aquarium, restaurant, shop, coffee shop and other facilities in the tower.

Kinkaku Temple: The former villa of minister Nishihara Temple, built in14th century, was later owned by shogun ashikaga yoshimitsu. It has been extensively renovated and expanded. The outer walls of the second and third floors are made of gold foil, which is glittering from a distance, so it is called "Golden Pavilion Temple". The first floor is the aristocratic style of heian period, and the second floor is the samurai style of Muromachi era. At the end of its tower, a phoenix cast in gold and copper is decorated, which adds a bit of beauty to the building. In front of the temple is a garden centered on Jinghu Lake Pool, and the magnificent pavilions are reflected in Jinghu Lake Pool, which is quiet and elegant with unique scenery and is a representative landscape of Kyoto.

Silver Tower: The Silver Tower is located at the foot of Dongshan Mountain in Kyoto. It was built by Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the grandson of Muromachi shogunate general Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, in the shape of Kinkaku Temple on 1482. The unique pure and elegant style of Yinta Temple is in sharp contrast with the dazzling of Jinge Temple. Built in 1482, it is an exquisite two-story attic. The first floor is called Xinkong Temple, where monks practice Buddhism. The second floor is called Yin Chao Pavilion, and the third floor is Zen Hall. Jingu Temple is both a temple and a place to live, with beautiful environment and pleasant scenery.

World Cultural Heritage-Baishan Historical Village

This is an example of the complete preservation of Japanese traditions. By planting mulberry trees and developing sericulture, the village has survived in this mountainous area that has been almost forgotten by human beings in the long historical process. In order to reduce the pressure of snow in cold winter, residents increased the inclination of the roof and built a unique double-decker thatched cottage with a steep slope. This kind of wooden house is generally18m long and10m wide, with 3-4 floors inside, and usually a large family lives. Because the shape of the roof is very similar to the Japanese people's hands folded when they worship God, it is called "folded palm house" or "triangular house". In addition to the significance of economic prosperity, these villages also showed the world the industrious quality and wisdom of ancient laborers in adapting to the environment and developing the economy.

Remarks: Major Japanese military enterprises, led by Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, An Tian, Erchuan, Asano Nagaakira, Furukawa, Okura, Nakajima and Nomura, have made great contributions to Japan's war of aggression.

Japanese spirit

Cherry Blossom and Japanese Spirit

Sakura is the national flower of Japan and is undoubtedly regarded as a symbol of spirit by the Japanese. Cherry trees are usually regarded as sacred trees by the Japanese, and are planted everywhere from Hokkaido in the northernmost part to Okinawa in the southernmost part. This beautiful plant blooms every spring, either crimson or pure white. However, the flowering period is short. In the flowering period, a large area of cherry blossoms will fall like snow, and flowers will fall all over the ground overnight. The Japanese often take this as a metaphor, thinking that life needs to be like cherry blossoms, and it is just as short as the most splendid moment. This belief is usually reflected in their way of life and doing things. Since ancient times, it has cultivated the unique national spirit of Japanese people, striving for progress and perseverance at all costs.