What clothes do ethnic minorities wear?

1. Mongolian. Men, women, old and young all wear Mongolian robes, which come in red, yellow, purple, dark blue and other colors. The traditional style is wide body, long sleeves, no slits at the hem, decorated with quills on the breast and hem, and a colorful belt. In addition, women wear red or blue headscarves and leather boots, and when dressed up, they wear crowns and silver ornaments; men wear red or yellow headscarves or blue, black, or brown hats, and high leather boots.

2. Miao ethnic group. Women wear large-collared shorts, pleated skirts of different lengths, leggings, or large-breasted shorts, wide-legged trousers, aprons, and colorful headdresses; they often use embroidery, batik and other techniques to decorate their clothing during festivals. , as well as a variety of traditional silver jewelry, such as necklaces, bracelets, and silver clothing (silver jewelry nailed to clothing). Men wear shorts and long trousers, or wear long linen shirts and wool felt (with geometric patterns on them).

3. Jinuo tribe. Women wear collarless and buttonless short coats with seven-color decorations, embroidered breast pockets, black and white short skirts, and pointed hoods with white background and colorful stripes. Men wear cotton tops (collarless, double-breasted, unbuttoned, with sunflowers embroidered on the back), white cotton trousers, leg wraps, and blue cloth headbands. Both men and women wear earrings.

4. Gaoshan tribe. Women generally wear double-breasted long-sleeved tops or wide-breasted narrow-sleeved tops, various skirts, and black or red cloth headbands. Men usually wear long-sleeved shirts and vests of different lengths, and waist skirts or front skirts. The Gaoshan people pay attention to decoration during festivals and wear shell clothes (shell clothes and bead skirts woven with shells and pearls).

5. Dai people. Women in Xishuangbanna area wear narrow-sleeved double-breasted shorts, uniform skirts, and silver belts; women in Dehong area wear long-breasted shorts, trousers, and small aprons before marriage, and after marriage, double-breasted shorts and black skirts; in Xinping and Yuanjiang areas, women The waist of the top and the waist of the skirt are often embroidered and decorated with silver spikes, so it is called "Huayao Dai". Men generally wear short-sleeved shirts, long trousers, white or green cloth headbands, and are accustomed to wearing blankets in cold weather.

Extended information:

Why are the costumes of China’s ethnic minorities so bright and gorgeous?

Bright and gorgeous ethnic minority costumes often appear on party stages, tourist attractions and news broadcasts. Why do these ethnic minorities dress so colorfully? In fact, today's ethnic minorities do not wear gorgeous ethnic costumes in their daily lives.

Similar to the Han people, they also prefer modern fashion that suits the pace of contemporary life, especially in some big cities. For example, in Nanning City, the capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Zhuang people account for half of its permanent population. There is no obvious difference between its streets and those in areas inhabited by Han people.

Even in the rare areas where traditional ethnic costumes are relatively intact, the ethnic costumes worn by local residents are not colorful at all. If you see gorgeous ethnic costumes in your daily life, they are probably tourism industry employees wearing their work clothes. Of course, it may also be Han tourists taking photos.

Is it the impact of modernization that makes ethnic minorities give up their gorgeous traditional costumes? On the contrary, just a few decades ago, the daily clothing of most ethnic minorities was much more modest than it is today.

Plain cotton, linen and fur are often the main raw materials for national costumes. Even bark and straw ropes are used, as they do today, filling up the high-contrast color palette and being reflective from head to toe. Ethnic wear in fabrics is rare. If you live in the southern tropics, it’s hard to say whether the clothing worn by men of some ethnic groups can even be called “clothing.”

In the social survey data of some southern ethnic areas in the 1950s, we can see some such records: ...Both men and women are barefoot all day long, never wearing shoes and socks...Usually the upper body is naked, the lower body is Only wearing a fig leaf... Wearing a blanket, no pants on the lower body, only using a spoon-shaped piece of wood or copper to cover the genitals... Or is it only in recent decades that the tribe generally wears clothes...?

So, how did these simple, rugged ethnic costumes turn into the gorgeous and colorful looks we see today?

1. Add elements for easy identification.

In fact, many of the ethnic costumes we see today were concepts that were gradually formed after the Communist Party of China began to systematically carry out ethnic surveys and ethnic identification in the mid-1950s.

In the early years, the public's understanding of the specific images of different ethnic groups in China was mostly still within the framework of "the harmony of five ethnic groups." In addition to having some understanding of the images and costumes of several major ethnic groups such as Tibetans, Mongolians, and Manchus, my understanding of the various ethnic groups in the south is basically a general impression of "Hundred Miao".

In the 1950s, after the investigation of social living conditions in ethnic minority areas was launched, the daily attire of indigenous people in many remote areas was systematically recorded by scholars for the first time. The ethnic costumes recorded in these materials are mostly simple and rugged, and ethnic differences are not so prominent.

However, with the continuous advancement of ethnic identification work, it has become an important need to define the unique cultural characteristics of different ethnic groups. If you belong to an ethnic minority, you should have its cultural characteristics, and it is best to also Just wear it on your body. Therefore, each ethnic group either spontaneously or passively embodies specific national visual symbols in their traditional clothing.

After the Baima people living in the border area of ??Ganchuan and Sichuan were identified as Tibetan, more and more typical Tibetan clothing elements began to appear in their traditional clothing.

During the Republic of China, the Hui people in Beijing, who wore the same clothes as the Han people, began to wear national costumes after the 1980s and 1990s out of national identity. However, some innovations have also been made in the way of dressing. Some Hui women who feel that wearing a headscarf is too troublesome have flexibly chosen to wear the white hats that originally belonged to men.

2. There are also some ethnic costumes that take into account their ability to live a happy socialist life, and add artistic design to the original traditional styles.

Every time an ethnic minority is identified, their image in ethnic costumes is carefully depicted by art workers who participate in the research of ethnic minority areas, vividly displayed on the paper, and entered into the field of mass communication.

Especially after 1979, with the recognition of the "Jinuo", the last of the 55 ethnic minorities, the ethnic identification work was basically completed, and a complete set of standard ethnic minority clothing images were also published through newspapers. , posters, textbooks, stamps and other media forms are gradually gaining popularity. ?

However, although the national costumes established at that time were much more "colorful" than the daily attire of ethnic minorities in the early years, they were still far from the splendor of today's national costumes. ?

3. Get on the stage, colorful.

The final transformation of ethnic minority costumes will have to wait until the reform and opening up and the Chinese people become rich. Compared with today, the biggest difference between the national costumes that were identified 40 years ago is that they are still worn in daily life and work. ?

From the late 1980s to the 1990s, the situation began to change. With the increasing exchanges between ethnic minority areas and the outside world, most ethnic minorities no longer spent a lot of energy on hand-making traditional clothing for daily wear. Instead of wearing national clothing, they choose to buy modern clothing that is convenient, simple and practical. In daily life and production work, they often wear the clothes they bought. ?

Today, except for some ethnic areas with extremely special ecological environments and strong cultural continuity, ethnic minorities in most areas have completely changed to wear modern clothes in their daily lives. Clothing has completely lost its most basic practical function. ?

The significance of national costumes has shrunk to occasions such as theatrical performances and other external displays, and this positioning has put forward a higher demand for the national recognition of clothing. For actors on the stage, few people like to dress too plainly. For the performance effect, the national costumes in the new era are becoming more and more colorful.

4. Due to the mechanized mass production of universal national costume decoration materials, gorgeous national costumes are easier to make and obtain than the simple national costumes of the past.

Therefore, under the dual effects of functional requirements and production convenience, national costumes eventually became the colorful appearance we see today. However, in most cases, these gorgeous national costumes only appear in various TV programs.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Chinese Ethnic Clothing