Definition of AHP

The definition of analytic hierarchy process: It is a decision-making method that decomposes the elements that are always relevant to decision-making into levels such as goals, criteria, plans, etc., and conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis on this basis.

Characteristics of the analytic hierarchy process:

The characteristic of this method is that it uses Less quantitative information makes the decision-making thinking process mathematical and provides a simple decision-making method for complex decision-making problems with multi-objectives, multi-criteria or unstructured characteristics. It is especially suitable for situations where it is difficult to directly and accurately measure the decision-making results.

Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process:

In the real world, we often encounter decision-making problems, such as how to choose tourist attractions, how to choose higher education options, etc. Before the decision-maker makes the final decision, he must consider many factors or judgment criteria, and finally make a choice through these criteria.

For example, when choosing a tourist attraction, you can choose one from Ningbo, Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang Grand Canyon, Yandang Mountain and Nanxi River as your tourist destination. Factors to consider include the cost of travel, the scenery of the tourist destination, the living conditions and food conditions of the scenic spots, and the traffic conditions, etc.

Basic steps of the analytic hierarchy process:

1. Establish a hierarchical structure model:

Based on an in-depth analysis of actual problems, the relevant factors are divided into Different attributes are decomposed into several levels from top to bottom. Factors on the same level are subordinate to factors on the upper level or have an influence on the factors on the upper level. At the same time, they dominate factors on the lower level or are affected by factors on the lower level.

2. Construct a pairwise comparison matrix:

Starting from the second level of the hierarchical structure model, for the factors in the same layer that belong to each factor in the previous layer, use pairs The comparison method and the 1-9 comparison scale construct a pairwise comparison matrix until the lowest level.

3. Construct a judgment matrix:

An important feature of the analytic hierarchy process is to express the corresponding importance levels of two options in the form of a pairwise ratio of importance levels. For example, for a certain criterion, compare each plan under it and rate it according to its importance.

4. Calculate the weight vector:

In order to extract useful information from the judgment matrix, achieve understanding of the regularity of things, and provide scientific basis for decision-making, it is necessary to calculate the judgment. The weight vector of the matrix.