What kind of person was I in ancient times?

Refers to Laozi, the great philosopher and thinker in ancient my country and the founder of the Taoist school. He was named Taishang Laojun by Emperor Wu of the Tang Dynasty. He is a world cultural celebrity and one of the 100 historical celebrities in the world. There is " "Tao Te Ching" (also known as "Laozi"), the essence of his work is the simple dialectical method, advocating the rule of inaction, and his doctrine has a profound influence on the development of Chinese philosophy. In Taoism, Laozi is revered as the ancestor of Taoism.

Chinese name: Li Er

Alias: Lao Dan

Nationality: Chinese (Spring and Autumn Period·Chu)

Ethnicity: Huaxia< /p>

Birthplace: Ku County (now Luyi, Henan, some say Woyang, Anhui)

Date of birth: approximately 571 BC

Date of death: 471 BC

Main achievements: Founder of the Taoist school

Dialectic thought

Representative works: "Tao Te Ching"

Contents

< p>Character Profile

Laozi’s Works

Laozi’s Legend of Laozi’s Birth

Zhong Kui and Laozi

Laozi’s Philosophy

Anecdotes about Lao Tzu: Lao Tzu was born

A smart boy

Enter Zhou to study

Confucius asked about rituals

Conversated about life and death

Han Gu wrote a book

Dianhua Yangziju

On Health Sutra

Teach Confucius again

Laozi came out of seclusion

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The saint passed away

Laozi’s descendants

Laozi culture

Taoist Laozi

Tieba photo album character profile

< p>Laozi’s works

Laozi’s legend about Laozi’s birth

Zhong Kui and Laozi

Laozi’s philosophy

Laozi’s anecdotes about Laozi’s birth

The clever young man

Study in Zhou Dynasty

Confucius asked about etiquette

On life and death

Han Gu wrote a book

Dianhua Yangziju

On the Sutra of Health Preservation

Teach Confucius Again

Laozi came out of seclusion

The saint passed away

p>

Laozi’s Descendants

Laozi Culture

Taoist Laozi

Tieba Album Expand Edit This Character Profile

Li Er[ 1] (approximately 571 BC to 471 BC), whose courtesy name was Boyang, also known as Lao Dan (dān), was born in Qurenli, Li Township, Ku County, Chu State (there are disputes between Woyang, Anhui and Luyi, Henan). The greatest philosopher and thinker in ancient my country. Standard portrait of Laozi

One of the homesickers. He is respected as the ancestor of Taoism and a world cultural celebrity. Later generations called him "Laozi" (in ancient times, the pronunciation of the word "Lao" was the same as the word "Li"). "Historical Records: The Third Biography of Laozi and Han Fei": "Laozi was a native of Qurenli, Lixiang, Chuku County. His surname was Li, his given name was Er, his courtesy name was Boyang, and his posthumous title was Dan. The history of Zhou Shou's Tibetan Room." Note: ① "Laozi Inscription" written by Bianshao of the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Laozi, whose surname is Li and whose courtesy name is Boyang, is from Xiangxian County of Chu. ... Xiangxian County is desolate and is now suffering, but the old city is still there. It is in the east of Laixiang, where the vortex river is. "Yang." Volume 23 of "Shui Jing Zhu" contains: "Whisui also bends to the east, south of the old city of Jinxiang County." ② In the first year of Yongxing, Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty ordered Wang Fu of Changsha to erect a monument saying: "I was born in Quwo. "Cao Pi's "Linwo Fu" mentioned Quwo: "The tall trees are near the Quwo, and the breeze blows and the water increases the waves." ③ Jin Gehong's "The Legend of Immortals" records that "(Laozi) his mother felt a big meteor. "There is a pregnancy." "Da Ming Yitong Zhi" records: "Meteor Garden is located in the south of Tianjing Palace in Bozhou. The stele says: There is a star flowing in the garden, and Laozi was born. This is where the Yuanyou Holy Mother Hall remains. Laozi lived in the Spring and Autumn Period." During this period, he served as a Tibetan historian in Luoyi, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty. He was erudite and talented. When Confucius traveled around the country, he asked Laozi for courtesy. In his later years, Laozi rode a green ox to the west and wrote the five thousand words "Tao Te Ching" (also known as the Tao Te Ching) at Hangu Pass. It is called "Tao De Zhen" or "Laozi" or "Laozi's Five Thousand Wen"). It is said that Laozi converted Yin Xi, the general of Hangu Pass, at this pass. Zhongnan Mountain Valley River) and the undulating peaks, I stopped here and tied grass to practice Buddhism. It has been passed down to this day as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units and a national AAAA-level tourist attraction. It has been remembered by literati of all ages. There are more than 300 steles written by poets. It is known as the birthplace of Taoism. After his death, Laozi was buried in Xilou Temple, and some dialectics believe that the Tao Te Ching contains rich dialectical ideas. Philosophy and ancient Greek philosophy together constitute the two sources of human philosophy. Laozi is also revered as the "Father of Chinese Philosophy" because of his profound philosophical thoughts. Laozi's thoughts were inherited by Zhuangzi and were closely related to Confucianism and later Buddhism. Together, thoughts constitute the core of traditional Chinese thought and culture. After the emergence of Taoism, Laozi was revered as "Tai Shang Lao Jun", and Taoism said he was the eighteenth incarnation of Tai Shang Lao Jun; starting from "The Legend of Immortals", Lao Tzu was He was revered as a god. There are more than a thousand foreign versions of the Tao Te Ching, and it is the Chinese book that has been translated into the most languages. Laozi's ideological proposition is "inaction", and the ideal political realm is "neighbors looking at each other, like chickens and dogs." "We hear each other's voices, and the people do not interact with each other until they grow old and die." "Laozi" uses "Tao" to explain the evolution of all things in the universe. "Tao" is an objective natural law, and at the same time it has the "independence and unchangeable nature of Laozi

, Zhou The eternal significance of "walk without perish".

The book "Laozi" contains a large number of simple dialectical views, such as the belief that everything has positive and negative sides, "the opposite is the movement of the Tao" and can be transformed by opposition, "the good can turn into wonder, the good can turn into monster", "misfortune can turn into evil", It is where blessings depend, and blessings are where misfortunes lie." He also believes that everything in the world is the unity of "being" and "nothing", "being and non-being are interdependent", and "nothing" is the basis, "everything in the world is born from being, and being is born from nothing". "The way of heaven is to make up for the deficiency when there is excess damage, but the way of man is not the same. If there is not enough damage, there will be more than enough to serve."; "The people are hungry because of the high food and tax"; "The people despise death because they seek to survive." "Thick"; "People are not afraid of death, so why should they be afraid of death?" His theory has a profound influence on the development of Chinese philosophy, and its content can mainly be found in the book "Laozi". His philosophical thoughts and the Taoist school founded by him not only made important contributions to the development of ancient Chinese thought and culture, but also had a profound impact on the development of Chinese thought and culture for more than 2,000 years. Some people think it was Lao Laizi, who was also from the Chu state. At the same time as Confucius, he wrote fifteen books to promote Taoism; others think it was Zhou Taishi Dan (dān), who lived more than a hundred years after Confucius' death. inside. The famous historian Sima Qian explained in his "Biography of Laozi and Han Fei" in "Historical Records" that there were two speculations about Laozi and who he was at that time. "It may be said: Lao Laizi is also Lao Laizi. He wrote fifteen chapters about the use of Taoism, which was said at the same time as Confucius." At that time, Sima Qian also suspected that Lao Laizi was Lao Laizi. Nowadays, many scholars adopt the first theory, believing that Lao Tzu is Li Er, who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

Edit this section of Laozi's works

"One Piece of Laozi's Tao Te Ching" by Dou Zhongliang

Laozi wrote a five-thousand-word "Laozi" in front of Hangu Pass Book, also known as "Tao Te Ching" or "Tao Te Ching". "The Tao Te Ching", "The Book of Changes" and "The Analects of Confucius" are considered to be the three ideological masterpieces that have the most profound influence on the Chinese people. "Tao Te Ching" is divided into two volumes, with 81 chapters. The first 37 chapters are the first part of the Tao Jing, and the 38th chapter is the second part of the Tao Te Ching. The ideological structure of the whole book is: Tao is the "body" of virtue, and virtue It is the "use" of Tao. About five thousand words. "Tao Te Ching" was a later title. Initially, Lao Tzu's book was called "Lao Tzu" without the name "Tao Te Ching". The date of its completion has been controversial in the past, and it is still uncertain. However, according to the dating of "Laozi" on the Guodian Chu slips unearthed in 1993, the date of its completion is at least the middle and early Warring States Period. "Laozi" uses "Tao" to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, believing that "Tao gives birth to one, one gives birth to two, two gives birth to three, and three gives birth to all things." "Tao" is "the order (command) of Fu Mo and remains natural", so "human beings" The earth follows the heaven, the heaven follows the Tao, and the Tao follows nature.” "Tao" is an objective natural law, and at the same time it has the eternal significance of being "independent and unchangeable, moving forward without peril". The book "Laozi" contains a large number of simple dialectical views, such as the belief that everything has positive and negative sides, "the opposite is the movement of the Tao" and can be transformed by opposition, "the good can turn into wonder, the good can turn into monster", "misfortune can turn into evil", It is where blessings depend, and blessings are where misfortunes lie." He also believes that all things in the world are "existence" and "nothing". The unity of Laozi's Tao Te Ching

, "existence and non-existence arise from each other", and "nothing" is the basis, "all things in the world are born from being, and being is born from none". In addition, there are a lot of people-oriented thoughts in the book: "The way of heaven is to make up for the deficiency when there is more than enough damage, but the way of man is not the same. If there is not enough damage, there will be more than enough to provide"; "The people are hungry because of the large food tax"; "The people despise death because they seek to live in peace"; "The people are not afraid of death, so why should they fear death?". His theory has a profound influence on the development of Chinese philosophy. There have been many translations of "Laozi" from ancient times to the present, and there are also many versions of the original text, so it is difficult to study. For a review of the various annotations of "Laozi", please refer to "One of the data collection plans of Laozi's "Tao Te Ching" - I hope that Yanzi will write a collection of explanatory and informative readings for a specific type of beginners" [2 ]

Edit this paragraph The legend of Laozi

The birth of Laozi

The legend of Laozi’s birth According to legend, Laozi, who is regarded as Taishang Laojun by Taoism, is a descendant of Peng Zu , in the year Jia of Yang in the Shang Dynasty, the god Gong turned into Qi, and Laozi was born in the womb of Lishi, the daughter of King Xuanmiao. One day, Mr. Li was washing clothes by the river at the end of the village when he suddenly saw a yellow plum floating down the upper reaches. Lishi hurriedly used a branch to fish up the fist-sized yellow plum. At noon, Li Shi was hot and thirsty, so he ate the plum. From then on, Li Shi became pregnant. Lishi was pregnant for 81 years and gave birth to a boy. This boy was born with white eyebrows, white hair, and a big white beard. Therefore, Li Shi named him "Laozi". I could speak since I was born. He pointed to a plum tree in the yard and said, "Li is my last name."

Zhong Kui and Lao Tzu

Xi'an Zhong Kui Cultural Research Institute and King Zhong Kui of Happy Valley Resort, Xi'an Zhong Kui's hometown, organized experts to collect Lao Tzu's portrait at the foot of Zhongnan Mountain in Qinling Mountains

The "Legend of Laozi and Zhong Kui" has been collected and compiled for thousands of years in Hu County, Shaanxi Province, Zhong Kui's hometown.

Legend has it that when Yin Xi, the commander-in-chief of Hangu Pass, saw Zi Qi coming from the east and Lao Tzu riding a green ox, he worshiped Lao Tzu as his teacher. He resigned and followed Lao Tzu to the west along the Shenxian Road in Zhongnan Mountain in the Qinling Mountains. They traveled day and night, and stayed there for a few days. When I came to the foot of Jiangjun Mountain, I saw that the place was surrounded by auspicious clouds, like spring all year round, with criss-crossing streams, fish swimming on the shallow bottom, birds singing, flying dragons and phoenixes, peonies blooming, and springs tinkling. It was truly a paradise. When I looked up, I saw only one The boulder is very strange, like a human figure, with a leopard head and eyes, an iron face and curled temples, with a sword in one hand and a fan in the other. Five bats are flying in the air, and they are full of righteousness. I can't stop sighing: "The Tao can be Tao, it is not Tao, the creation of the universe, the heaven and the earth." At the beginning, the mother of all things wanted to see how wonderful it was, and it always happened that Zhong Kui blessed the house and won the first place in the list, a true god..." The five thousand words were recorded by Yin Xi, and it is known as the "Tao Te Ching" in the world. 》Yes. Later, Laozi and Ixi tied the knot in Afuquan, herded horses in Nanshan, herded cattle on Lao Niu slope, preached under the immortal Matsushita of Nanshan, lectured on Qingliang Mountain after discovering the shortcut to Zhongnan, made elixirs in Louguantai, cast iron cases in Nanshan, and enjoyed the longevity of Nanshan. It is called the ancestral court of Taoism, the hometown of Zhong Kui, and the most blessed place in the world.

Edit this paragraph Laozi’s philosophy

Laozi tried to establish a theory that encompasses everything in the universe. Laozi believes that all things follow this law (Tao): The interior of things themselves is not single and static, but relatively complex and changing. The thing itself is the unity of yin and yang. Things that are opposite to each other will transform into each other, which is the transformation of yin and yang. Laozi’s teaching scroll (partial)

[3] The method (virtue) comes from the law of things (Tao). Laozi's "inaction" does not take "inaction" as the goal, but "doing" as the goal. Because according to the "Tao" mentioned before, "inaction" will be transformed into "action". The brilliance of this kind of thinking is that although it is not subjectively aimed at obtaining benefits, it can objectively achieve better benefits. From "The heaven and the earth move on their own without being pushed, the sun and the moon shine by themselves without being burned, the stars sequence themselves without being arranged, the animals come into being by themselves without being made by man, this is what nature does, so why bother with man?" (See Laozi's story Confucius asked below. Rites, paragraph 4) It can be seen that the "nature" mentioned by Laozi is not a concept similar to God. The law of all things (Tao) is specified by nature, that is, "Tao follows nature." Some people have misunderstood the meaning of nature here. It should be noted:. In fact, human life is like the existence of the universe, and no one can rationally point out its purpose. Therefore, irrationally choosing a certain goal(s) becomes the only option. I look at the problem from the infinitely high position of Tao. Therefore, Lao Tzu only mentioned the "method" but did not point out the "purpose". This gives us a revelation: why should people suffer so much to deliberately achieve their goals? Doing nothing and being carefree is also a way to live in the world. Regarding Laozi's cosmology, according to the previous Tao, "nothing" and "being" (the existence of all things means "being") will transform into each other. Therefore, Laozi believes that all things in the universe come from nothingness and move toward nothingness. For example: human life and death (see Laozi's story below: The death of a saint: "The life of Lao Dan in the past was from nothing to something", "The death of Lao Dan today is from something to nothing"). Dialectics belongs to methodology, and methodology includes Taoism. Those contents in Laozi's Taoism that are very similar to dialectics have always been praised by people. Compared with the above-mentioned view that Laozi's thought attempts to be all-inclusive, there is another view that Laozi's Taoism belongs to the category of pure methodology. According to the introduction of Guangxi Normal University's "Laozi Enlightenment", its arguments are roughly as follows: 1. In terms of its original meaning in Greek, "methodology" is also "theory of Tao", and the root word meta in Greek means follow, Along, with, hodos means road, and "method" means "the road that people follow." Methodology or theory is a general discussion about goals and ways to achieve them. It is an exploration of how a person or a team should choose a path to achieve their goals. 2. The original meaning of "Tao" refers to the "road" that people follow in order to reach a certain destination. It is the "following of operation", which is extended to the behavioral norms, behavioral norms and methods of doing things that people follow in their behavior and dealings. The organizational paradigm of the system, the procedural rules of operation, and the movement laws of various entities, etc. Talking about Tao means talking about "how we should go" in the process of moving towards the goal. 3. The original meaning of "De" is "the place where the heart and conduct lie" (the zigzag shape of virtue is composed of heart, conduct, and straightness, and leads directly to the Mingdao Palace

value and Zhi). It is about the actor's state of mind, A judgment of where an action reaches or stands in a certain evaluative space. Discussing morality is to evaluate and compare people's "walking level". 4. Taoism is a discussion about Tao and morality, and a commentary on behavior based on an ideal paradigm. Among them, the choice of the road refers to the actor's choice of his own behavior, rather than the delineation of the route outside him; it is the choice of "walking method" or "travel regulations", rather than the environmental road conditions. Or grasp the laws of the world outside oneself. Its focus is to examine the relationship between behavioral methods, behavioral modalities, and behavioral results, and then establish an ideal paradigm for general actors to imitate and follow. It is not about discussing the empirical issues of how the world or objective existence operates. 5. A person can "go" from childishness to maturity, and a country can "go" from autocracy to democracy and peace. "Walking" has a very abstract and broad metaphorical meaning.

The essence of Laozi's Taoism is to analogize walking in ordinary three-dimensional space to "walking" in "description space" or generalized "value space". Going to a certain place in the ordinary three-dimensional space is represented by becoming a certain name in the "description space", and it is represented by achieving a certain virtue in the "value space". Therefore, the methodological issue is also the issue of "walking"; what kind of path to take, what kind of existence to become, and what kind of goal to pursue are the basic questions of Laozi's Taoism.

Edit this anecdote about Lao Tzu

The birth of Lao Tzu