Detailed data collection of Guanting Reservoir

Guanting Reservoir is located in Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing. It was started in October 1951 and completed in May 1954. It is the first large-scale reservoir built after the founding of New China. The main water flow is Yongding River in Huailai, Hebei Province. The reservoir has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation for more than 4 years. Guanting Reservoir was once one of the main water supply sources in Beijing. In the late 198s, the water in the reservoir area was seriously polluted, and the water quality continued to deteriorate in the 199s. In 1997, the reservoir was forced to withdraw from the urban drinking water system. Basic introduction Chinese name: Guanting Reservoir belongs to Zhangjiakou, Hebei and Yanqing, Beijing. Construction date: October 1951. Completion date: May 1954. Location: Guanting Gorge entrance. Installed capacity: 3, kilowatts. Opening hours: all-day ticket price: 1. yuan. Famous scenic spot: "Guanting Reservoir Fisherman Island, Liushawan Tourist Area". Suggested playing time: 3-4 hours. Suitable playing season: the best river length in autumn. Must-read before departure, scenic spot dynamics, scenic spot introduction, key information, scenic spot beautiful pictures, basic description, function, reservoir introduction, three floods, 1956 flood, 1967 flood, 1974 flood, construction scale, project introduction, function, flood control standards, environmental conditions, pollution causes, tourism tips, comprehensive management, and basically describe the first large-scale reservoir hall after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Huailai County, Hebei Province, China, 15 kilometers away from Beijing. Yongding River is one of the main streams of Haihe River system, and most of it flows through the loess area, with a large sediment concentration (up to 32.2%), so it is called "Little Yellow River". The downstream is silted, the river bed is raised, and it is often flooded. In order to eradicate Yongding River, the Guanting Reservoir was built in October 1951 and completed on May 5, 1954. The reservoir was built at the entrance of Guanting Gorge. It is said that there was a "water officer" here in the Ming Dynasty to monitor the water situation. The old Guanting village and reservoir are named after Guanting. The installed capacity of the power station is 3, kilowatts, which was completed in 1955. The power is used for industry and lighting during peak load of Pingjin-Tangshan power grid. Gardens have been built along the coast, which is a scenic spot near Beijing. Functioning Guanting Reservoir is located in the boundary between Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing. It was started in October 1951 and completed in May 1954. It is the first large reservoir built after the founding of New China. The main water flow is Yongding River in Huailai, Hebei Province, with a reservoir area of 28 square kilometers and a perennial water surface area of 13 square kilometers. The designed total storage capacity is 4.16 billion cubic meters, and the reservoir basin covers a total area of 43,4 square kilometers, with a controlled basin area of 47, square kilometers, an average annual flow of 44.6 cubic meters/second, a designed flood flow of 11,45 cubic meters/second, a total storage capacity of 2.19 billion cubic meters, a designed irrigation area of 1.5 million mu and an installed capacity of 3, kilowatts. The reservoir has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation for more than 4 years. Guanting Reservoir Guanting Reservoir was once one of the main water supply sources in Beijing. In the late 198s, the water in the reservoir area was seriously polluted, and the water quality continued to deteriorate in the 199s. In 1997, the reservoir was forced to withdraw from the urban drinking water system. After that, it was re-opened as a drinking water source in Beijing in August 27. Reservoir Introduction Guanting Reservoir, located in the boundary between Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing, is the first large-scale reservoir built after the founding of New China. The main flow of Guanting Reservoir is Yongding River in Huailai, Hebei Province, which has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation. Guanting Reservoir was once one of the main water supply sources in Beijing. Gardens have been built along the Guanting Reservoir, which is a scenic spot near Beijing. On May 13th, 1954, Guanting Reservoir was completed. Guanting Reservoir is located in the basin at the junction of Yanqing County in Beijing and Huailai County in Hebei Province, covering an area of 23 square kilometers, with a total storage capacity of 2.2 billion cubic meters. The reservoir dam was built between two mountains, cutting the Yongding River in the middle. The completion of the reservoir not only reduced the flood peak of the upstream in flood season, but also intercepted a large amount of sediment, so that the Yongding River was completely cured. * * * visited Guanting Reservoir in person and wrote an inscription: "Celebrate the successful completion of Guanting Reservoir Project". After the completion of the reservoir, it has been playing a great role in flood control, power generation, irrigation and flood. Guanting lake is connected with many tourist attractions around it, only 7km from Deshengmen in Beijing to the south, 7km from Badaling, the famous Great Wall in Wan Li, 8km from Longqing Gorge in Yanqing to the east, and the Kangxi Grassland by the lake. Guanting Reservoir is comparable to Miyun Reservoir in area, sandwiched between two mountains, with good water quality and open water surface. On the south bank side, there are steep rock banks and delicate beaches, together with all kinds of fruits with great sugar content and convenient transportation, it is really a good place for Beijingers to spend their holidays around. Three Floods Guanting Reservoir Since 1953, there have been three floods of more than 1, cubic meters per second in Yongding River, and the flood peak of Guanting Reservoir has been reduced by 7.3-95.9%, basically avoiding the flood disaster in the lower reaches of Yongding River. 1956 Flood In 1956, Guanting Reservoir was in danger because of muddy water leaking from the pit on the downstream slope of the dam. At the same time, the water level of the reservoir was controlled at 476m for the safety of the reservoir during the flood season in beijing-baotou railway. From the middle and late June to the early July, there was heavy rainfall in the upper reaches of the reservoir, with a flood volume of 211 million cubic meters. On August 6, among them, it was to help rescue the dangerous workers and beaches in the lower reaches of the river. The gate was closed for more than 5 hours. On the 7th, the downstream river Ximazhuang burst, and the reservoir closed the gate again to stop flood discharge. At 17: on August 9, the maximum inflow peak was 1,114 cubic meters per second. Due to the storage function of the reservoir and the requirement of downstream peak shifting, the reservoir discharged 37 million cubic meters of flood water and intercepted 463 million cubic meters of flood water. During this period, the reservoir drainage mainly uses water conveyance tunnels and power stations to generate water and regulate the reservoir. Guanting Reservoir From the end of July to the beginning of August, 1959, there was an instantaneous flow of 266 cubic meters per second in the upper reaches of Guanting Reservoir, and the water level of the reservoir reached 477.5m on August 6. In order to ensure the safety of the reservoir, water tunnels and power stations are mainly used to generate electricity and discharge water, and the reservoir regulation is carried out. * * * The gate is opened 79 times, and the water discharge is 178 million cubic meters, with the maximum discharge of 6 cubic meters per second. It is far less than the discharge capacity of 25 cubic meters per second that the downstream gorge channel can bear. At the same time, in order to reduce the burden on the downstream channel, the discharge time of the water conveyance channel has been appropriately adjusted under the condition that the flood in Guanting Gorge is also relatively large. Flood in 1967 The maximum inflow peak of the reservoir in early August 1967 was 1,5 cubic meters per second, and the water level of the reservoir exceeded 478m on August 27th. In order to consider the problems of upstream immersion and submergence and downstream flood control, water tunnels and power stations were used to generate electricity and discharge water, and 16 million cubic meters of water was discharged. The flood in 1974 occurred several times in the upper reaches of Guanting in the middle and late July of 1974. The maximum flood peak at Xiangshuibao Station in Yanghe was 124m3/s, and the water level of the reservoir reached 476m on August 1st and 477m on August 8th. On August 23rd, the water level of the reservoir reached the highest value of 477.3m in the flood season, with a corresponding storage capacity of 755 million cubic meters. In flood control operation, the reservoir used sediment discharge to release water. From the above, since the completion of the reservoir, water tunnels and hydropower stations have been mainly used to regulate and discharge water, which has effectively utilized water resources. Construction Scale Guanting Reservoir is built in Yongding River, Huailai, Hebei Province, with a basin area of 47, square kilometers, an average annual flow of 44.6 cubic meters per second, a designed flood flow of 11,45 cubic meters per second, a total storage capacity of 2.19 billion cubic meters, a designed irrigation area of 1.5 million mu and an installed capacity of 3, kilowatts. Guanting Reservoir is located in the boundary between Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing. It is the first large reservoir built after the founding of New China. Construction started in October 1951 and was completed in May 1954. The designed total storage capacity is 4.16 billion cubic meters, and the total area of the reservoir basin is 43,4 square kilometers. The reservoir has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation for more than 4 years. Guanting Reservoir was one of the main water supply sources in Beijing at that time. The newly-built guanting lake is 4 kilometers long from east to west, 7 kilometers wide from north to south and 1.5 kilometers narrow, with a total area of 253 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 2.3 billion cubic meters. There are 26 species of fish and shrimp, 38 species of plankton and 81 species of phytoplankton in the lake, and 1,5 tons of fish and shrimp are caught annually. The dam of Guanting Reservoir is 45 meters high, and the Yongding River is accumulated in Huailai Basin where Sanggan River, Yanghe River and Guishui River are alluvial above the dam, with an area of 23 square kilometers, which controls the runoff of 97% of the basin area of Yongding River, with a storage capacity of 2.27 billion cubic meters (the storage capacity has been reduced year by year due to sediment deposition). It can intercept and store the flood that occurs once in a hundred years or more in Guanting, relieve the flood threat in Pingjin and ensure the safety of Jingshan and Jinghan railways. It also supplies urban water in Beijing, and can irrigate more than 2, hectares of farmland in the southeast suburb of Beijing with waste water. The library provides a large number of aquatic products for cities such as Beijing. The installed capacity of the power station is 3, kwh, which was completed in 1955. The power is used for industry and lighting during peak load of Pingjin-Tangshan power grid. Gardens have been built along the coast, which is a scenic spot near Beijing. Guanting lake of Guanting Reservoir is connected with many surrounding tourist attractions, only 7 kilometers away from Deshengmen in Beijing in the south, 7 kilometers away from Badaling, the famous Great Wall of Wan Li at home and abroad, 8 kilometers away from Longqing Gorge in Yanqing in the east, and the Kangxi Grassland by the lake. Project Description 1. Project Name: Guanting Reservoir Project Location: The reservoir is located at the entrance of Guanting Gorge of Yongding River, about 8 kilometers northwest of Beijing. The dam site of the reservoir is located in Huailai County, Hebei Province, at the entrance of Guanting Gorge of Yongding River. The reservoir area spans Huailai County, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing, and consists of Yongding River Reservoir Area and Guishui River Reservoir Area. It is a large-scale control project to eradicate the development of Yongding River and its basin, and it is one of the main water supply sources in Beijing. The reservoir hub is composed of barrage, water conveyance and flood discharge tunnel, spillway and hydropower station. The reservoir is a first-class project and the main buildings are first-class buildings. 2. Project commencement time: The project started in October 1951. Project completion time: May 1954. Operation time of the project: it was put into operation in July, 1955. Xiuwu has played a role. Guanting Reservoir has been in operation for more than 4 years, which has played a great role in flood control and profit promotion. (1) Flood control benefit: The flood control benefit of the reservoir is remarkable, basically avoiding the flood disaster in the lower reaches of Yongding River. After the completion of the reservoir, the flood of more than 1, cubic meters per second was impounded eight times, and the peak flow was reduced by 7-96%, which played a role in flood detention and storage, so that no flood disaster occurred in the downstream, and played a very significant role in ensuring flood control safety in the vast areas of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and the lower reaches of Yongding River. Guanting Reservoir (2) experienced the biggest flood in history: from the end of July to the beginning of August, 1959, the instantaneous flow of Guanting Reservoir upstream was 266 cubic meters per second, and the flood peak of inflow was 2499 cubic meters per second. In order to ensure the safety of the reservoir, the water conveyance tunnel and power generation diversion tunnel are mainly used for reservoir regulation; * * * The sluice gate was opened 79 times, releasing 178 million cubic meters of water, with a maximum discharge of 6 cubic meters per second. At the same time, in the case of a large flood in Guanting Gorge, in order to reduce the burden of the downstream river, the time of discharge of the water conveyance channel was appropriately adjusted, and the reservoir made an attempt to stagger the peak. (3) Benefit of water supply: By the end of 2, the reservoir had supplied 39.8 billion cubic meters of water to the downstream, including 8.4 billion cubic meters for agricultural use in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, with an irrigation area of 1.38 million mu, 17.3 billion cubic meters for industrial use in Beijing, and 2.5 billion cubic meters for urban underground water supply and living environment. It has played an important role in promoting the industrial and agricultural development of the capital and improving the urban environment of the capital. (4) Power generation benefits: The completion of Guanting Reservoir has created conditions for cascade power generation in Guanting Gorge. Following the completion of Guanting Hydropower Station in 1956, two cascade hydropower stations, Xiamaling and Xiaweidian, were successively built. By 2, the three power stations generated 8.2 billion kWh, providing a large amount of electricity for the capital and North China, easing the tension of peak electricity consumption. (5) Comprehensive management benefits: On the basis of ensuring the safe operation of the reservoir, the reservoir managers made full use of the advantages of water and soil resources, and carried out projects such as afforestation, planting fruit trees, developing aquaculture and catering services. In the past 5 years, 158 hectares of barren hills have been afforested, and 1.2 million kilograms of fruits have been produced. Junzao, a new variety introduced and cultivated by forestry technicians, has become a major specialty of the reservoir because of its large fruit, thin skin, fragrance, sweetness and crispness. About 1.5 million kilograms of grain and a large number of agricultural and sideline products were harvested, and 17 million kilograms of fresh fish were caught in the whole reservoir. We can supply 2, kilograms of soft-shelled turtle and 2, kilograms of fruit to the market every year. Flood control standard The original design of Guanting Reservoir was designed according to the once-in-a-thousand-year flood, and checked by the once-in-ten-thousand-year flood. After the "July 5.8" flood in Henan Province in 1976, the flood control standard of the compound reservoir was only once in 37 years. Therefore, on the basis of the initial reconstruction of the spillway in 1967, after 1975, the reinforcement, reconstruction and heightening began. After 14 years of continuous construction, the flood control standard of the reservoir was raised from once in 37 years to the standard of preventing the possible maximum flood. The current reservoir flood control standard is: once-in-a-thousand-year flood design and possible maximum flood check, which lays a good foundation for improving water supply efficiency in the future. Downstream Protection Objects and Scope The downstream protection objects and scope of Guanting Reservoir mainly include: the capital Beijing, Tianjin, northern Hebei and important railway trunk lines such as Jingshan, Jingguang and Jingjiu, as well as important expressways such as Jingjintang and Jingshi. Environment Guanting Reservoir is located in the boundary between Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Yanqing County, Beijing. It is the first large reservoir built after the founding of New China. Construction started in October 1951 and was completed in May 1954. The designed total storage capacity is 4.16 billion cubic meters, and the total area of the reservoir basin is 43,4 square kilometers. The reservoir has played a great role in flood control, irrigation and power generation for more than 4 years. The main pollution sources are concentrated in the cities along the upstream storage rivers. Including Yanqing county in Beijing; 4 districts and 8 counties in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province; Datong City, Shuozhou City, ningwu county City and Shenchi County of Xinzhou City; Fengzhen city and Xinghe counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have a population of 6.85 million. Reasons of Guanting Reservoir Pollution 1. The impoundment project built in the upstream area intercepts the inflow of water. 2. A large amount of sewage is discharged into the reservoir area. 3. The ecological environment in the upper reaches of the reservoir has deteriorated. Travel Tips Self-driving route: Go straight from Madian Bridge to Beijing-Tibet Expressway (formerly Badaling Expressway), then take a section of provincial highway to Guanting Dam. When you return, you can go along the path in Yongding River Canyon by Guanting Dam to Yanhe City, and then drive from Yanhe City to National Highway 19 to return to Beijing. Backpacking route: Take the 7115 train from Beijing South Railway Station to Zhangjiakou at 7:2, arrive at Guanting Station at 1:11, and get off. Or take bus No.969 from Beijing Gulou via Badaling, 3 kilometers west, and get off at Guanting Reservoir Dam. Distance: Located in Hebei Zhangjiakou City and North.