What is the origin of the centennial monument of Nanjing Taiping Heavenly Kingdom? And the specific route of the presidential palace.

Centennial Monument of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement:

195 100 Taiping Rebellion 100 anniversary, Nanjing "Centennial Preparatory Meeting" decided to erect a monument, suggesting that the main leaders of the Central Committee write an inscription for the monument. Mao Zedong suggested that Guo Moruo, then vice president of the Government Affairs Council, write Dan. Written by Guo, the word 1 1 is written in one go. On June 1 952+1October1,the monument was erected in front of the flower bed outside Dazhai in the south of the presidential gate.

The tablet body is white marble, and the tablet is a palindrome with the word "ten thousand". The tablet is engraved with an inscription of 322 words written by Luo Ergang, a famous historian of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

On August 3, 2002, the monument in front of the presidential palace was demolished due to the widening of the Yangtze River Road. In June 5438+February, 2006, it was erected again in Dongyuan.

As for the presidential palace,

Via bus: No.29; ? 44 road; ? 65 road; ? 95 road; ? 304 road; ? You 1 road; ? You 2 road

There are three internal routes: the central line, the eastern line and the western line.

Center line: as soon as you enter the presidential palace, you will face the room from east to west. Go ahead, yes.

1: Lobby, Chinese-style building, with five rooms in Baoxia, seven rooms in width, and a double eave on the top of the hard hill, which is connected by one hall and two halls in an I-shaped hall. Originally the Golden Dragon Hall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, also known as the Glory Hall, it is said that Hong Xiuquan was buried here after his death. After the Qing soldiers captured Tianjing, the main hall was destroyed, and the lobby of Liangjiang Governor's Office was rebuilt in the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870). 1 912 65438+1October1Sun Yat-sen's inauguration ceremony as interim president of the Republic of China was held in Xinuange, just behind the lobby. After 1927, the Kuomintang reactionary center settled in Nanjing to act as a lobby for the national government. 1929 When the National Government was partially rebuilt, Sun Yat-sen's handwritten plaque "The world is public" was hung on the central beam in the lobby. Later, the lobby was used by the so-called national government and the presidential palace.

2. The nave, built in the late Qing Dynasty, was originally the inner palace building of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. During the period of Governor of Liangjiang, there were two halls. During the Republic of China, in order to hold sacrificial activities? In other places, foreign envoys presented credentials to the heads of reactionary governments and held various ceremonies. A courtesy meeting was held here before the talks. During the Republic of China, it was rebuilt many times, and the interior maintained Chinese style, but outside the north wall was a western-style porch.

3. Zichao Building, the main building of the Presidential Palace, is located at the northern end of the central axis of the Presidential Palace. This office building was built under the auspices of Lin Sen, chairman of the National Government. Lin Sen's name is Zichao, and he served as the chairman of the National Government for the longest time, so people used to call it Zichao Building. 1934 started,1935+completed in February. The "sub-super building" has five main floors and six local floors. On the first floor, it is the Civil Service Department of the National Government first, and then the secretarial office of the Presidential Palace. On the second floor are the offices of the President and the Vice President. This one facing south is Chiang Kai-shek's office, and this one facing north is the office of Vice President Li Zongren. The third floor is the national government conference room. ?

These are the three scenic spots in the central line.

East Line: It is the exhibition hall of historical relics such as the Executive Yuan, Fuyuan and the Forbidden City, and the historical materials of the Governor's Office of Qingjiang River and Liangjiang River.

If you go, first take the second hall of the central line, turn east, and enter the historical relics exhibition hall of the Forbidden City and the historical materials exhibition hall of the Qing Dynasty Governor's Office.

After coming out, visit the scenic spots behind the central line.

West Line: It is mainly a warm garden, which is relatively large. There is a Taiping Lake with two sets of scenery "Yuanyang Pavilion-Tongyin Pavilion-Poem Monument inscribed by Yu Yue-No Boating-Forget Flying Pavilion". You can walk around it.

The following is a guide to the presidential palace for your reference:

Historical evolution: Hanwangfu-Liangjiang Governor's Office-Tianwangfu-Presidential Palace-Nanjing CPPCC Conference Center

Tourist: As a historical relic, the history of this huge building can be traced back to the early Ming Dynasty. After the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynasty, a unified Ming regime was established in Nanjing on 1368. In order to win the hearts of the people, Chen Li, the son of Hanwang Chen Youliang, built a large-scale Hanwang Mi here. In 1404, it became the palace of the second son Zhu. Because Zhu Yuanzhang named Zhu as the king of the Han Dynasty, it was also called the Han Palace.

During the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty transformed the Han Palace into the Governor's Office of Liangjiang. During the Kangxi period, the eastern part of the original Han Palace was changed to Jiangning Weaving Department. Cao Yin, the grandfather of Cao Xueqin, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions, once worked as a weaver in Jiangning and was in charge of the weaving industry in Jiangnan. Because Cao Yin's mother was Kangxi's nanny, the Cao Shi family was very rich at that time, and Cao Yin won the trust and appreciation of Kangxi. Emperor Kangxi went to Jiangnan six times and lived in Jiangning Weaving Department five times. Until December 24th, the fifth year of Yongzheng, the Cao family was copied, and the weaving department of Jiangning was no longer prosperous and began to decline. During the Qianlong period, the weaving department was expanded into a palace, and a magnificent palace was built on the basis of the West Garden.

185 1 year 1 month1day, the peasant revolution led by Hong Xiuquan held an uprising in Jintian Village, Guiping County, Guangxi Province, which was called "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" in history. It lasted for three years and swept across Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. 1853, 19 On March 28th, Taiping Army attacked Nanjing, and Hong Xiuquan became a city on March 28th this year. Since then, Nanjing has been changed to Tianjing, with its capital here, and construction has been carried out here, expanding the governor's office of the two rivers into the heavenly palace. As a result, it became the center of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom revolutionary movement led by Hong Xiuquan. Today's Governor's House is the site of the Golden Dragon Hall, the main hall of Tianwangfu. At that time, the Golden Dragon Hall, with double eaves and domes, was painted with red gold dragons and phoenixes on the beams and dragons, tigers and lions on the walls, so it was also called "Dragon and Phoenix Hall". 1866, after the failure of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Tianjing fell and Tianwangfu was robbed. In order to cover up the crime of plunder, the Zeng Guofan brothers who attacked Nanjing in those years even set fire to the Tianwangfu, making this magnificent palace burn to ashes. What we can see today is the only remaining inner city parts of Tianwangfu and Xiyuan.

19 12, Tianwangfu became the temporary presidential palace of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and after only three months in power, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was forced to dismiss the post of temporary president due to the destruction of the northern warlords. In April of the same year, Huang Xing stayed here. Later, Zhang Xun and Sun all set up a viceroy here. 1April, 927 18, Chiang Kai-shek betrayed Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting with * * * and helping the peasants and workers", openly sabotaged the cooperation between countries, and purged * * * producers in the Northern Expedition. The Nanjing National Government under Chiang Kai-shek's public command was formally established. Nanjing was designated as the capital of the new government, and Tianwangfu became the seat of the National Government. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Chiang Kai-shek moved to Chongqing, where Wang Ching-wei established a puppet national government. 1In August, 945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang government returned to Nanjing and changed the original "national government" to "the government of the Republic of China", and the chairman of the national government was changed to the president, so it was also called the presidential palace. It was not until1April 23, 949 that the People's Liberation Army captured Nanjing, the Chiang family dynasty fell, and the "Presidential Office" returned to the people's hands. After liberation, the presidential palace was changed to Nanjing Political Consultative Conference Center, and it has been declined to visit. Only Xiyuan and the former office of President Sun Yat-sen are open to the public. Today, let's visit this "Presidential Palace" through historical relics.

Gatehouse-Zhaobi-"Golden Dragon Hall" lobby

Tourist: Now we are at the gate of the presidential palace. I saw the high flagpole above the guard room soaring into the sky. There are three Chinese characters "Presidential Office" on the gatehouse, which is said to be inscribed by Zhou Zhongyue, a calligrapher and former vice president of the Supervisory Institute, and cast with cement.

Looking at the zhaobi opposite the gatehouse, there stands a monument inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo to commemorate the anniversary of the Taiping Rebellion 100.

Entering the gate, there are a row of wing rooms on the east and west sides. It was a "noodle room" in those days, then it was changed into a soldier's dormitory, and now it has become a tourist souvenir shop. The spacious Dafa in front was built on the old site of Jinlong Hall in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Now in the middle is a four-character plaque inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, "The world is for the public".

Behind the lobby is the Jiangsu Provincial Political Consultative Conference Office, which is temporarily closed to tourists. We mainly visited Xu Yuan, also called Xiyuan, where Hong Xiuquan and Dr. Sun Yat-sen once worked and lived.

Xu Yuan: Zodiac Stone-Shouzi Name-Yuanyang Pavilion-Tongyin Pavilion-Poem Monument inscribed by Yu Yue-No Boat-Forget Flying Pavilion

Ladies and gentlemen: Next, we will visit Xu Yuan, the most important part of the presidential palace. Please follow me west. There is a flour wall in front, and the word "Xu Yuan" is inlaid above the round hole of the wall. This is the place where Hong Xiuquan, king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and Sun Yat-sen, leader of the Revolution of 1911 once lived.

Xu Yuan Garden was built in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, with a history of 150 years. The whole park area is only more than 20 acres. The garden is dotted with flowers and trees, pavilions, mountains, lakes and stones, which is small and exquisite, beautiful and quiet. It is a garden with Jiangnan characteristics.

Entering the garden, the first thing you see is a large rockery group, which consists of twelve zodiac stones. Here, let's find our own zodiac stone together. Rockery is one of the cultural elements in ancient garden buildings in China. Royal gardens in the north of China reflect true mountains and waters, while private gardens in the south often use rockeries and waters to reflect the natural charm of gardens. This big rockery, in the landscape construction, has played a role in restraining the landscape and created a better and better interest for tourists.

Please continue to follow me. This rugged Taihu stone has the characteristics of wrinkle, thinness, leakage, transparency and ugliness. Please identify it carefully. Like which word in Chinese characters? Yes! Attentive tourists have seen the word "longevity". We can take a picture on the birthday stone and wish you all the best, health and longevity.

Tourist: Just now we saw two groups of stone scenes. Now let's look at the water features in the garden. The landscape construction in Xu Yuan is dominated by water. The water body shows a north-south trend. In gardening techniques, in order to break through a single narrow water body, the water surface is naturally divided into three independent and interrelated parts by painting boats and pavilions. The plane is like a long vase, which makes the middle part form a relatively open water surface. The North Pavilion of China Southern Airlines echoes from a distance, and the West Building faces each other across the bank in the east. Although separated and gathered, the scenery is natural and harmonious.

Pavilions and pavilions in Xu Yuan gardens are also very cleverly arranged. The "bottle mouth" stands in the water with Yilan Pavilion, a small bridge on the left and right, and Zhou Shi on the south. The golden pavilion on this mountain is called the hexagonal pavilion. Please look ahead. This pavilion with cornices and corners has a double roof. From a distance, it stands side by side like two pavilions, but from a close distance, it is seamless. There are rocks under the pavilion, which are unique and inseparable, so it is called "Yuanyang Pavilion".

The building on the platform on the right is called Tongyin Pavilion, which is the largest building in Xu Yuan. The building materials are all paulownia. Tongyin Pavilion was the place where Hong Xiuquan and his subordinates discussed state affairs, which means to speak with one voice from top to bottom. In a group of rockeries in the north of Tongyin Pavilion, there is a stone tablet inscribed by Daoguang with four characters of "Mamu Stone House". It is said that Qin Shu, the governor of the two rivers, was poor when he was young, but he sat on a big rock in the stream all day and concentrated on his studies. Later, he finally became famous. Daoguang was moved by his hard-working spirit and wrote "Enlightenment Stone Room" to encourage future generations.

Tourist: There is also a very famous stone tablet in the East Corridor of Xiyuan. This is Yu Yue's Poem Tablet of a night-mooring near maple bridge. It is said that it was moved from Hanshan Temple in Suzhou. Yu Yue, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, was called Ziqu Garden. In Poem Monument, Yu Yue told us that Jiang Feng in the poem Jiang Feng in a night-mooring near maple bridge, written by Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ji, was actually "Jiang Chun" and later generations mistook it for "Jiang Feng". Of course, Yu Yue is only telling people this fact here, instead of emphasizing the transformation from Jiangfeng to Jiang Chun. It can be seen that Yu Yue's rigorous academic attitude.

Tourist: Now let's approach the bridge and continue to visit the scenery of the West Garden. In front of us, we can see that the bottle-shaped pool was dug by hand. The circumference of the whole pond is about1.866m, accounting for more than half of the whole garden area. The water in the pool is crystal clear, and the walls of the pool are surrounded by Ming dynasty city bricks, which is very simple. There is a wooden boat-shaped stone fertilizer at the southern end of the pool, which is 14.5 meters long. According to legend, this stone boat was built by Yin Jishan, governor of the two rivers in the 11th year of Qing Qianlong. The plaque on the stone boat "Don't tie the boat" was inscribed by Emperor Qianlong during his southern tour. There is an old saying in China: "Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it." The pool is shaped like a horizontal vase, which is a metaphor for ordinary people in the world. Emperor Qianlong wrote the words "don't tie the boat" because he hoped that the people would live and work in peace, the world would be at peace, and the Qing Dynasty would never waver. Please look carefully. The stone ship is divided into two cabins, front and rear, with a rolled top, exquisite shape and vivid image. There is a stone springboard for boarding. There is a rudder at the stern of the stone ship, the hull is bluestone, the bow is paved with blue bricks, the top of the cabin is yellow glazed tiles, and the two sides are inlaid with blue brick carved fences with colorful patterns such as peony, evergreen, curly grass, monkey, deer and bat. Sculpture is extremely rough and beautiful, full of traditional national characteristics. There are two lifelike carved lions at the top of the stone ship's doorpost, which were works during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Please read the words on the lion's forehead carefully. By the way, it's shaped like the word "Wang". In fact, it is the co-writing of the word "Heavenly King", because in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, "Wang Naitian Ye" was publicized, so in the handicrafts of this period, the word "Heavenly King" was engraved on the foreheads of all lions, tigers and dragons. This reflects people's admiration for the peasant leader Hong Xiuquan at that time.

Please follow my finger. The pavilion on the right side of the pool is called "Forgetting to Fly Pavilion". There is a plum blossom in the corner of the eaves, and a magpie stops on it. The magpie looked at its beautiful reflection in the water and forgot to fly.

Former site of Sun Yat-sen's temporary president's office

Ladies and gentlemen: Please follow me west along this curved bridge. Now we come to this small courtyard, which is Sun Yat-sen's office when he took office as interim president. This was originally the drawing room built by Governor Zhang of Liangjiang. This south-facing western-style bungalow has seven rooms, with a hall in the middle and three presidential meeting rooms in the west, where important meetings are held. 19 12 On New Year's Day, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the president, so it was also called the oath hall. The first room in the east is a small conference room and living room, the second room is the president's office and the third room is the president's lounge. The lounge is divided into front room and back room. There is a horizontal plaque inscribed by Sun Yat-sen on the wall in the office. There is a big desk, bookshelf, telephone, call bell and Four Treasures of the Study in the room. Mr. Sun's oath of office and commemorative photos of the Revolution of 1911 are hung on the wall of the small conference room. There are sofas, coffee tables and iron beds used by Mr. Sun in the lounge.

After visiting here, please continue to visit the East Hospital with me. This is a three-bay, two-story Chinese wooden building, which is Sun Yat-sen's living room, also called Zhongshan Hall. The three rooms downstairs were guard rooms, which were later changed into family houses. The three rooms upstairs are bathroom, dining room and bedroom, and all the furnishings in them are arranged as they were in those days.

Ladies and gentlemen: I'll stop here for the time being about the presidential palace. On the east side of the West Garden, there is also a "Sun Yat-sen Life Story Exhibition Room" for people to visit.

Attachment: Guide map of the Presidential Palace