What role should the government play in the development of tourism?

For example, how to be in a favorable position in international competition, gain more market share, and how to realize and maintain the international core competitiveness of China's tourism industry are a series of major issues that should be seriously considered and studied. One of the characteristics of the era of globalization is that the distance between time and space is greatly shortened, and it takes only ten hours to fly from London to Beijing. The competition of tourism is the competition between tourist destinations. To some extent, the competition of tourist destinations tends to be global and the situation is becoming increasingly fierce. In the early stage of tourism development in China, the government-led development model was adopted. However, with the acceleration of the globalization of the tourism market, what position the government should occupy, what function it should exercise and what role it should play in the development of tourism have become the focus of debate and deserve in-depth analysis. The overall management of tourism by the government began in the mid-1980s, and entered a relatively systematic and complete stage in the mid-1990s. Now the depth and breadth of management have been further expanded. In the past 20 years, the role of the government in the development of tourism has evolved from a pioneer to a supervisor. With the continuous establishment and improvement of China's market economy system, especially when China has become a member of WTO, the management means of tourism should be more indirect guidance and macro-control, and the role of government departments should gradually shift from regulators to coordinators. China's tourism industry management departments at all levels must step out of the micro-link of managing the tourism economy, give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, focus administrative functions on macro-control, social services and public management, return some things that belong to the autonomy of enterprises to enterprises, and hand over some things that the government can't manage well to social management, so as to truly realize "small government and big market". Second, the basic functions that the government should play in the development of tourism Under the conditions of globalization of competition in the tourism market, the government's functions are mainly to adjust, stabilize and guide the market development by creating a series of institutional arrangements and to make up for the shortage of market supply by providing necessary public goods. The government doesn't have to produce a product by itself. It can be seen that the role of government in the market economy is no less than that of the market, but the specific division of labor is different. The function of the government is not to do great things, but to do what should be done. That is to say, the government and the market have their own positions, perform their duties, exercise their rights, benefit from each other, take risks and find their own suitable positions. 1. Formulate a series of policies to develop tourism. The implementation of government policies will cause members of society to consider their vital interests, which will lead to changes in their consciousness and behavior. When this kind of consideration and change forms mass consciousness, it may affect the trend of social development and reflect the government's policy objectives. Therefore, the scientific and rigorous demonstration of the rule of law policy process can form a stable role in promoting a wide range of social life, which is conducive to the standardized operation of macro-control. The government's implementation of policies is mandatory, direct and authoritative, and the process of government-led implementation is also the process of improving the status of tourism policies. Driven by government policies, tourism has shown a vigorous development momentum. In the long run, the development of tourism needs a high-level and all-round policy support system integrating objectives, organization, planning, development and promotion, thus forming the best environment for tourism development. 2. Formulate the overall tourism planning. Tourism is a comprehensive industry composed of core tourism and auxiliary tourism, and its sustainable development must rely on an authoritative management department to plan, standardize, guide and regulate. The overall planning of tourism development is a programmatic document of tourism development and a fundamental guarantee for the healthy, sustained and stable development of tourism. The government not only needs to make a scientific plan, but more importantly, it should develop tourism in a planned and step-by-step manner according to the objectives and ideas of the overall plan. Macro-control is still an important function of the government to manage tourism. 3. Formulate the laws, regulations and provisions of the tourism market. The regulation of tourism aims at creating a healthy and orderly development environment, which is the basic means of macro-control. According to the World Tourism Organization, the role of government tourism departments in tourism has roughly gone through three stages: the pioneer stage, the supervisor stage and the coordinator stage. At present, China is in the second stage, that is, the management of tourism by government departments is changing from direct management to industry management. 4. Provide public services, collect and publish tourism information. At present, the intermediary service system in the tourism market is still far from perfect. Therefore, many public services of the tourism industry need to be undertaken by the government, mainly including the publicity and promotion of the tourism market, the planning and development of tourism resources, the evaluation and inspection of tourism services, and the training and examination of tourism talents. There is serious information incompleteness and asymmetry in China tourism market, which leads to some irrational and even illegal behaviors of operators and tourists. The government can improve this situation by establishing a tourism information system and strengthening the obligation of tourism service providers to disclose true information. 5. Develop and protect local tourism resources rationally and take the road of sustainable tourism development. The development of tourism resources must give consideration to tourism economic benefits, humanistic benefits and environmental protection benefits. Therefore, in the development of tourism resources, governments at all levels should attach great importance to the sustainable development of tourism. The development of tourism should be based on the premise of not destroying the natural resources, cultural resources and other resources on which human beings depend, and can provide financial support for the protection of ecological environment, so as to make it sustainable, meet the growing diversified needs of tourists, maintain its attraction to future tourists, and meet the needs of local residents for long-term economic development and improvement of living standards. 6. Start social investment through government funds. Thereby effectively stimulating the market. The government's investment in the tourism market does not mean that the government's financial allocation covers everything, but that social investment is started through government funds, thus regulating the economy and stimulating the market more effectively. In the early stage of tourism development, the government can promote the extraordinary development of tourism with strong investment, which can quickly form a larger industrial scale and supply capacity. The role of the government in this respect is: first, it is the provider of public goods. It is mainly to speed up the construction of tourism infrastructure and actively take the lead in developing tourist routes. The second is the initiator of major projects. Government investment in major construction projects can stimulate more private capital investment. The third is the creator of rich atmosphere. Mainly through publicity and promotion activities to stimulate tourism motivation and expand the tourism market. In addition, the government can organize and plan some influential theme activities. For example, Kunming World Expo and Hangzhou West Lake Expo are successful examples of government-led, departmental linkage and social participation. Third, the misunderstanding of the government's development of tourism At present, governments at all levels, from central to local, seem willing to establish tourism as a leading industry, a pillar industry and a leading industry. This strategic decision-making orientation of government economic development conforms to the basic trend of the times. Government power is undoubtedly very important for the development of tourism, but with the continuous establishment and improvement of China's market economic system, the government's functions in tourism should also be properly defined. The essence of WTO is further marketization. After China's entry into the WTO, there are still many systems, rules and behaviors that are inconsistent with the market economy. Now we should change them. In some places, there will be some misunderstandings in this regard, which hinder the healthy development of tourism, mainly in: 1. Misunderstanding government function as government leading. Follow the highly centralized leadership mode under the planned economy. In some places, the will of the chief executive still replaces enterprise behavior, and administrative orders replace market rules, which interferes with the basic allocation of tourism resources in the tourism market, leading to decision-making mistakes, imbalance between tourism supply and demand, and great waste. Misunderstanding the function of the government as the main wealth of the government, that is, the government's financial allocation covers everything, and all industries and enterprises only stare at the government's pockets, or wait or rely on or want, which binds their hands and feet and loses the favorable opportunity to seize the market; Or go beyond the financial strength of the government, do whatever it wants, mistakenly understand the function of the government as the backbone of the government, that is, the government invests in and directly manages the backbone tourism enterprises, giving them all kinds of preferential treatment and protection, resulting in de facto monopoly and unfair competition, which limits the vigorous development of the market economy and tourism. 2. The government intervenes too much in tourism enterprises and is poorly managed. Some local governments control tourism enterprises too much and act as decision makers of all specific businesses. As a result, tourism enterprises cannot develop independently. The government is not a natural tourism expert. In practical work, some policies formulated by the government violate the objective law of tourism development, which not only does not promote the development of tourism, but hinders the development of tourism. The government is not omnipotent, and all ideas solved by the government have become obstacles to the development of tourism, so we should get rid of this wrong idea. 3. The government has become a sharer of departmental interests and regards the development of tourism as an extension of its own interests. Theoretically speaking, the government represents the interests of the whole society, and it pursues the maximization of public interests. But in fact, the government is composed of many relatively independent departments. If each pursues its own relatively independent interests such as political achievements and image, it will lead to misunderstanding. Because of the comprehensiveness of tourism, tourism has more or less contact with almost all government departments. A policy aimed at improving the interests of tourism enterprises may affect the interests of most government departments. Therefore, the implementation of tourism policy and its effect depend on the rights game of various government departments. Compared with other government departments, the power of the Tourism Bureau is limited, which determines that the Tourism Bureau lacks the macro-control and control ability for the development of tourism, which also determines that the tourism policy is difficult to implement and implement. Due to the above misunderstanding, the government has introduced too many competitive tourism industries such as hotels and travel agencies in the process of tourism development, but not enough investment in public areas such as roads and environment. In a word, whether the problems encountered by the tourism industry in the process of marketization or the misunderstandings in the implementation of the government-led strategy are closely related to whether the government behavior is reasonable or not. Market defects should be compensated by reasonable government intervention, and the healthy development of tourism market should be based on reasonable government behavior. Four. The transformation of government functions in the process of globalization of tourism market competition. The ultimate goal of the modernization of tourism administration system is to achieve and maintain a high degree of liberalization of the tourism market, which is reflected in the transformation of functions. The role of the government in the participation, business guidance and business guidance of tourism enterprises has changed into the role of industrial service, market rectification, information release and market universality principle. In order to overcome the above misunderstandings and give full play to the government's functions in tourism scientifically and reasonably, we should realize the following changes: 1 In the scope of exercising functions, we should shift from micro-management to macro-control, and grasp the scope and degree of intervention. Tourism is a comprehensive industry with wide coverage and high correlation, which needs the full cooperation of all sectors of society and the strong support of the government, and the government plays an irreplaceable role in the development of tourism. But "government-led" is not "the backbone of the government", "the government manages money" is not "government-led", and it is not completely managed by the government. The development of tourism needs the promotion, leadership and coordination of the government, but the government cannot directly participate in the micro-production and operation activities of enterprises, but should hand over the production and management rights and investment decision-making rights of enterprises to enterprises. We should pay attention to the big and let go of the small, do something different, pay attention to macro-control and do a good job of guidance to promote the rapid and healthy development of tourism. Grasp the scope and degree of intervention. The modernization of tourism requires that the government's intervention goal in tourism development is limited to correcting and guiding the principle of market universality. Therefore, the scope of intervention is limited to the operation of operators and the consumption of consumers, and the degree of intervention is limited to correcting the principle of market universality, without interfering with the behavior strategies, details and results of market participants. 2. In the nature of its functions, it has changed from a regulatory government to a service-oriented government. Really realize the transformation from rule by man to rule by law. In the era of planned economy, enterprises managed by the government have a strong "chief executive's will" and enterprises are subordinate to the government, so that tourism enterprises are often at a loss when facing the market, not only failing to seize good development opportunities, but losing many market opportunities. Facing the impact of China's increasingly mature market economy and China's entry into WTO on tourism, government departments, especially tourism administrative departments at all levels, should coordinate all social forces to create a good environment for tourism development and serve the tourism industry. In terms of the means of function exercise, we should change from administrative means to legal means, and regulate tourism with laws and regulations instead of "the will of the chief executive" to avoid the arbitrariness of tourism management and the uncertainty of tourism development, so as to achieve sustained and stable development of tourism under the norms of laws and regulations.