Introduction to Qinhuai River and Confucius Temple

1. Appreciation of the original translation of Po Qinhuai 2. Introduction to the Qinhuai River What is the ancient name of the Qinhuai River 3. Tourist attractions in Jiangsu 4. Appreciation of the original translation of Du Mupo Po Qinhuai

Original text:

Mooring in Qinhuai

Author: Du Mu

Smoke cage, cold water, moon cage and sand, I moored in Qinhuai at night near a restaurant.

Shang girls don’t know the hatred for the country’s subjugation, but they still sing the flowers in the backyard across the river.

Translation:

Smoke fills the autumn water, and the moonlight covers the white sand;

The boat is moored in Qinhuai at night, close to the restaurant on the shore.

Singing girls make fun of others, how can they know the hatred of subjugating the country?

They were singing "Back Garden Flowers" on the other side of the bank.

Notes:

1. Qinhuai: The name of the river, originating from Lishui County, Jiangsu Province, and running through Nanjing City.

2. Businesswoman: a singer who sells her songs.

3. Flowers in the Back Garden: The name of the song is "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu" written by the late emperor of the Southern Dynasty, which is the sound of the country's subjugation by later generations.

Appreciation:

This poem is inspired by the scene. Jinling was once the capital of the Six Dynasties and prosperous for a time. Witnessing the declining power of the Tang Dynasty today and the ignorance and debauchery of those in power, it is inevitable to repeat the mistakes of the Six Dynasties, which is infinitely sentimental. The first sentence describes the scenery, trying to exaggerate the lightness and elegance of the night by the water; the second sentence of narrative points out the place where you can stay at night; the third and fourth sentences of sentiments lead to the song of a business girl from "near the restaurant". There are many singing girls in the restaurant, so they are natural and free; From the song's overwhelmingness, "I don't know the hatred of the country's subjugation" is brought out, which criticizes the wealthy gentry and the powerful for indulging in sex and lust, which is implicit and profound; from the "hatred of the country's subjugation", the tune of "The Flower in the Back Garden" is introduced, using the corpse of the Empress Chen to lash out the debauchery of the powerful, which is profound. Sharp.

Creative background:

Du Mu was very concerned about politics in the early stage, and expressed concern about the Tang Dynasty, which was riddled with holes at that time. He saw the decadence and mediocrity of the ruling group, and saw the vassal towns supporting their troops to consolidate themselves. , seeing the frequent border troubles, felt deeply that social crises were lurking, and the future of the Tang Dynasty was sad. This kind of sorrowful thought prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. "Bo Qinhuai" was produced on the basis of this idea.

About the author:

Du Mu (AD 803-about 852), courtesy name Muzhi, also known as Fanchuan Jushi, Han nationality, was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), Tang Dynasty poet. Du Mu was called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Together with Li Shangyin, he is called "Little Li Du". Because he lived in the Fanchuan Villa in South Chang'an in his later years, he was called "Du Fanchuan" by later generations and wrote "Collected Works of Fanchuan". Introduction to the Qinhuai River What is the ancient name of the Qinhuai River

1. The Qinhuai River is a tributary on the right bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. It was called Longzangpu in ancient times, Huai River since the Han Dynasty, and Qin Huai after the Tang Dynasty. The Qinhuai River has two sources, the north and the south. The Jurong River in the north originates from the southern foot of Baohua Mountain in Jurong City, and the Lishui River in the south originates from Donglu Mountain in Lishui District, Nanjing. The two rivers merge into Qinhuai in Fangshandai Northwest Village, Jiangning District, Nanjing. The main stream of the river flows northwest around Fangshan to Shangfangmen, the outer city gate, and flows into Nanjing from Dongshuiguan. It traverses the main city of Nanjing from east to west, and flows out from Xishuiguan in the south and flows into the Yangtze River.

2. Most of the Qinhuai River is located in Nanjing City. It is the largest regional river in Nanjing. Historically, its shipping and irrigation functions gave birth to Nanjing’s ancient civilization and is known as the mother river of Nanjing. It is very famous in history and is known as "China's first famous historical and cultural river".

3. The Qinhuai River was named Longzangpu in ancient times and was called Huai River in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, the first emperor of Qin passed Moling during his eastward tour of Kuaiji. He felt that this place had a "king spirit" and ordered to dig clear hills in the area of ??Fangshan and Shi_shan southeast of today's Nanjing city, and lead Longzangpu north to the Yangtze River to break them. Dynasty, according to this legend, it was renamed Qinhuai. Later generations pointed out: It is true. After the poem "Bo Qinhuai" by Du Mu of Tang Dynasty was published, the name of Qinhuai River began to flourish in the world. In Li Bai's poem "Farewell to the Dukes of Jinling", there is also the line "The six generations have been more overbearing, and the ruins can be seen in the capital. To this day, the Qinhuai River is full of rites, music and heroes." The name of the river "Qinhuai" appears. Regarding the origin of the river, the "Classification of the Six Dynasties" records: "The Huaihe River is divided into bends, which is not artificial, and it is suspected that it was not opened by the First Emperor." It has been confirmed by geologists and archaeologists that the Qinhuai River is a natural river course and not artificial. However, some of these areas were dug manually and cannot be excluded. Jiangsu’s tourist attractions

Introduction: Jiangsu is rich in tourism resources, with natural and cultural landscapes blending together. There are ancient towns and water towns, thousand-year-old famous temples, classical gardens, lakes and mountains, imperial mausoleums, and capital ruins. It is "Wu Yun and Han style, each is good at his own specialty." The following is a comprehensive list of tourist attractions I compiled about the Qinhuai River in Jiangsu for reference.

Introduction to Suzhou Gardens:

Suzhou is known as the "City of Gardens". Suzhou gardens have a long history. In the heyday of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than 200 gardens were spread inside and outside the ancient city. There are still dozens of well-preserved gardens that represent the Qinhuai River and introduce the Jiangnan garden style of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. Suzhou's classical gardens enjoy the reputation of "the gardens south of the Yangtze River are the best in the world, and the gardens south of the Yangtze River are the best" due to their ancientness, beauty, refinement, elegance and abundance. They are Suzhou's unique tourism resources. On December 4, 1997, the 21st Plenary Session of the United Nations World Heritage Committee approved the inclusion of Suzhou classical gardens in the World Heritage List, with the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Liuyuan Garden, the Master of the Nets Garden, and the Huanxiu Villa as typical examples; in November 2000 On March 30, the 24th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee approved the addition of Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove Garden, Yiyuan Garden, Coupling Garden and Tuisi Garden to the World Heritage List.

Suzhou gardeners use unique gardening techniques to manage mountains and waters, plant flowers and trees, configure garden buildings in a limited space, and use a large number of plaques, couplets, calligraphy and paintings, sculptures, and stone tablets. , furniture furnishings and various ornaments to reflect ancient philosophical concepts, cultural consciousness and aesthetic tastes, thus forming a literati freehand landscape garden full of poetic and picturesque charm, allowing people to "get the pleasure of the mountains and rivers without leaving the city walls, and get the pleasure of the woods and springs while living in the bustling city" ”, reaching the artistic state of “Although it is made by human beings, it looks like it is created by heaven”.

Suzhou City has a long history. Private gardens were first built in the 6th century BC. Garden building was especially popular in the Ming Dynasty. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 170 gardens inside and outside the city. It has won Suzhou the title of "Garden City". There are more than ten famous gardens in existence, among which the famous ones include Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove Garden, Humble Administrator's Garden, Liuyuan Garden, Net Lion Garden, Yiyuan Garden, etc. Suzhou gardens have a small area, and adopt endlessly changing and eclectic artistic techniques. They use the interest of Chinese landscapes, flowers and birds, and the artistic conception of Tang poetry and Song poetry. They decorate rockeries, trees, and arrange pavilions, pavilions, ponds, and bridges in a limited space, making it Suzhou gardens are distinguished by their scenery. The scenery varies depending on the garden, giving people an artistic effect of seeing the big from the small. The Humble Administrator's Garden enjoys the reputation of "the essence of famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River". The gardens of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties each have their own natural, historical, cultural and artistic characteristics.

Introduction to the Qinhuai River in Nanjing:

The Qinhuai River is the cradle of Nanjing’s ancient civilization. As far back as the Stone Age, there have been human activities in the basin. The two sides of the river from Dongshuiguan to Xishuiguan have been the residential areas of prosperous commercial areas since Soochow. During the Six Dynasties, it became a place where famous families gathered, merchants gathered, literati gathered, and Confucianism flourished. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it gradually declined, but it attracted countless literati and poets to come here to pay their respects, chanting that "in the old days, the kings gave birth to the swallows in front of the hall, and they flew into the homes of ordinary people." In the Song Dynasty, it gradually recovered and became the cultural and educational center of Jiangnan. The Ming and Qing dynasties were the heyday of Shili Qinhuai. The golden powder towers are lined up in rows; the painted boats are rippling in the waves, and the sound of lights and shadows form a dreamlike and beautiful spectacle. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the inner Qinhuai River gradually declined and lost its prosperity. It was not until 1949 that Nanjing carried out large-scale dredging and management of the Qinhuai River, focusing on the development of the Qinhuai Scenic Area, and the ancient Qinhuai River was rejuvenated.

Introduction to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum:

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is the tomb of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great statesman in modern China. It faces south. The construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum started in the spring of 1926 and was completed in the summer of 1929. The area is more than 80,000 square meters. The main buildings include: archway, tomb passage, mausoleum gate, stele pavilion, sacrificial hall and tomb chamber, etc. Looking down from the air, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum looks like a "Liberty Bell" lying flat on a green velvet carpet. The bronze statue of Mr. Sun Yat-sen at the foot of the mountain is the spire of the bell, the half-moon square is the arc of the top of the bell, and the dome of the tomb at the top of the mausoleum is like a round pendulum. There is a marble seated statue of Mr. Zhongshan in the memorial hall. There are relief sculptures reflecting Mr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary deeds around the east and west sides of the statue. The marble walls of the east and west walls of the memorial hall are engraved with the "Outline of the Founding of the People's Republic of China" written by Mr. Sun Yat-sen. At the back of the hall, there is a double door to the tomb, with a banner inscribed by Zhongshan with the words "The majesty lasts forever" written by Sun Yat-sen. The second door is made of a single copper door, with a stone inscription of "Mr. Sun Yat-sen's Tomb" engraved on the door. The entrance is a circular tomb chamber with a diameter of 18 meters and a height of 11 meters. In the center is a long tomb, with a white marble recumbent statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen above and the body of Dr. Sun Yat-sen buried below. The tomb is 5 meters deep and sealed with reinforced concrete. The architectural style of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is a combination of Chinese and Western styles. The majestic appearance of Zhongshan Mountain and the stele squares, gates, stele pavilions, sacrificial halls and tombs are connected into a large whole through large green spaces and wide steps to the sky. It looks very solemn and majestic. It has profound meaning, commemorative function, and grand momentum. The design is very successful, so it is known as "the first mausoleum in the history of modern Chinese architecture". No visit to Nanjing is complete without visiting the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, which has become an iconic tourist attraction in Nanjing. Walking around the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum does require a lot of physical strength, as you climb up the 392 steps step by step. The last step is getting higher and higher, which means that the revolution will become more and more difficult in the future. As for the majestic Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, its journey from construction and completion to its erection today has also been full of hardships. In the solemn surroundings, you can see the buildings with the characteristics of the Republic of China. If you are a history buff, Qinhuai River Introduction, you will definitely be very interested.

Introduction to Zhouzhuang:

Zhouzhuang is located in the southeast of Suzhou City and southwest of Kunshan. It has the reputation of "China's No. 1 Water Town" and is one of the six ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River. Zhouzhuang is an ancient water town with a history of more than 900 years. It was officially named Zhouzhuang Town in the early years of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. Zhouzhuang is located in the southwest of Kunshan under the jurisdiction of Suzhou, and was called Zhenfengli in ancient times. If you want to choose the most representative ancient water town in China, there is no doubt that it is Zhouzhuang, the "No. 1 water town in China". Zhouzhuang, nurtured by thousands of years of vicissitudes of history and rich Wudi culture, has become a treasure of oriental culture with its elegant water town style, unique cultural landscape, and simple folk customs. As an outstanding representative of China's excellent traditional culture, Zhouzhuang has become the cradle of Wudi culture and a model of Jiangnan water town.

The most famous scenic spots include: Shen Wansan’s former residence, Fu’an Bridge, Shuangqiao, Shen Hall, Strange Tower, Eight Scenic Spots of Zhouzhuang, etc. Fu'an Bridge is the only remaining three-dimensional bridge and wall building in the south of the Yangtze River; the twin bridges are connected by two bridges and have a unique shape; Shen Hall is a Qing-style courtyard house with a strict overall structure and different local styles; in addition, Chengxu Taoist temples, Quanfu Temple and other religious sites.

Introduction to the Humble Administrator's Garden:

The Humble Administrator's Garden, a representative of Jiangnan gardens, is the largest classical landscape garden among Suzhou gardens. It is one of the four famous ancient gardens in Suzhou and the largest classical landscape garden in Suzhou. The largest and most famous one in the garden, it is included in the "World Cultural Heritage List" and can be called a classic of Chinese private gardens. It was first built in the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty. The current garden covers an area of ??about 83.5 acres, and the open area is about 73 acres. Among them, the central and western parts of the garden and Zhang Zhiwan's residence in the late Qing Dynasty (today's old Suzhou Garden Museum) are the later ones. The architectural and garden heritage of the Qing Dynasty covers approximately 38 acres. One of the four famous gardens in China, a national key cultural relics protection unit, a national 5A tourist attraction, and a national special tourist attraction. It is known as the "Mother of Chinese Gardens" and was listed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1997. For world cultural heritage.

The Humble Administrator's Garden covers an area of ??52,000 square meters and is divided into three parts: East Garden, Middle Garden and West Garden. The Dongyuan is alternated with mountains and ponds, and is dotted with buildings such as the Xiang Pavilion and the Orchid Snow Hall. The water surface in the west is circuitous and the layout is compact. Pavilions are built along the mountains and rivers. The main building, the Yuanyang Hall, was a place where the owner of the garden entertained guests and listened to music. The furnishings in the hall were exquisite. The Central Garden is the essence of the Humble Administrator's Garden. Its overall layout is centered on the pool. Pavilions and pavilions are all built near the water, and some pavilions and pavilions are directly out of the water. It has the characteristics of a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. The main building, Yuanxiang Hall, is located on the south bank of the pool. It is separated from the pool by two mountain islands in the east and west of the main scenery. The pool water is clear and vast, and it is covered with lotus plants. The island is lined with trees, and the water bank is covered with vines. There is a small bridge between the two mountains and valleys. There is a pavilion built on each island, the Xuexiangyunwei Pavilion in the west and the Waiting for Frost Pavilion in the east. The scenery of the four seasons changes with time. The "Yiyu Pavilion" to the west of Yuanxiang Hall is far away from the boat-shaped "Xiangzhou" to the west. They form a tripod with the "Lotus Breeze Pavilion" to the north, and you can enjoy the lotus according to the situation.

Introduction to Tianmu Lake:

Tianmu Lake Tourist Resort is located 8 kilometers south of Liyang City, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province. It is known as the "Pearl of the South of the Yangtze River" and "Green Fairyland" and is the first It is one of the first batch of national AAAA-level scenic spots (spots) and a provincial-level tourist resort in Jiangsu Province. The whole area has an ecological reserve of 300 square kilometers. There are two large national-level reservoirs, Shahe and Daxi, in the area, and it is located in the remaining veins of Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang. Looking down from a high altitude, it looks like a pair of bright eyes on a girl's face, hence the name " Tianmu Lake".

Zhuangyuan Pavilion: pink walls and red tiles, ocher window lattice, and corners flying high in the air. The Zhuangyuan Pavilion, which carries the typical Jiangnan style, is the only antique building in my country with the theme of promoting the number one scholar culture. It displays the lives of 736 number one scholars from ancient times to the present. The statue of Ma Shijun, the number one scholar in Liyang history, is next to the Zhuangyuan Pavilion. The idol of many Liyang students. Zhuangyuan Pavilion is the commanding height of Huli Mountain. At the highest point, there is a lake with blue waves between the continuous green mountains. A cruise ship draws a white line and sails towards the center of the lake. Mooring at Qinhuai by Du Mu

Mooring at Qinhuai① Author: Du Mu (Poet of Tang Dynasty)

Smoke cage, cold water, moon cage and sand②, Mooring at Qinhuai at night near a restaurant.

Shang girls don’t know the hatred of their country’s subjugation, but they still sing songs in the backyard across the river③.

Edit this paragraph's introduction to the author

Biography

Du Mu (803-852), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, with the courtesy name Muzhi, was born in Beijing (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). )people. He was born into a noble family, and his grandfather Du You was a famous prime minister and historian in the middle Tang Dynasty. After Wenzong became a Jinshi during the Great Harmony, he served as the governor of Huang, Chi, Mu, Hu and other states, and also served as an official in the court, such as Si Xun Yuan Wai Lang and Zhong Shu Sheng Ren.

Du Mu was proud of his ability to manage the country in his early years. He is impassioned and good at talking about military affairs. The dynasty was upright and upright, and he dared to discuss major issues and point out the shortcomings of the current situation. Politically, he is a progressive person who is knowledgeable and courageous. However, his official career was not satisfactory throughout his life, and he was never able to fulfill his ambitions.

His poems, fus and classical prose are all very famous, but his poetry has the highest achievement. Later generations call him "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. He is also as famous as Li Shangyin and is also known as "Little Li Du". In art, Du Mu claimed to pursue "excellence", not to learn "beauty", and to be dissatisfied with "customs". The so-called "neither modern nor ancient" was an attempt to stand out from the superficial and frivolous poetic style of the late Tang Dynasty. However, His style is not as unique as Li He's, nor as plain as Yuan Zhen's or Bai Juyi's. Compared with Li Shangyin, he can stand out in his own way. He is the author of "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".

Edit this paragraph's theme introduction

In terms of content and themes, Du Mu's poems can be roughly divided into the following categories - the first category, works that care about worldly affairs, are patriotic and concerned about the people . For example, "Drinking Alone in the Junzhai", "River Locust", "Early Wild Geese", "The Thirty-two Rhymes of the Emperor in the Past Stories", "Feelings of Feelings", etc. The second category is poetry that criticizes history and uses the past to satirize the present. Such as "Passing the Qinzheng Tower", "Three Quatrains of Passing the Huaqing Palace", "Red Cliff", "Inscribed on Wujiang Pavilion", "Inscribed on the Sihao Temple of Shangshan", "Chunshen Jun", etc. The third category is poems with female themes. Such as "Inscribed on Lady Peach Blossom Temple" and "Moon", "Golden Valley Garden", "Palace Family", "Du Qiuniang's Poems" and "Zhang Haohao's Poems", etc. The fourth category is works that express feelings as a reward. Such as "Send to Judge Han Chuo of Yangzhou" and so on. The main works are "Reminiscences", "Parking at Qinhuai", "Autumn Evening", "Passing through Huaqing Palace", "Traveling", "Mountain Travel", "Going to Wuxing to enjoy the Yuanyuan", "Red Cliff", "A message to Judge Han Chuo of Yangzhou" and "Two other poems as a farewell". 1" "Two Farewell Poems" "Golden Valley Garden" "Qingming" "Mid-Autumn Festival"

Edit the notes on this poem

①. Selected from "Annotations to Fan Chuan's Poems". Qinhuai: The Qinhuai River originates from the northeast of Lishui County, Jiangsu Province, flows through the Nanjing area, and enters the Yangtze River.

According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to Kuaiji to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River.

②. Cage: Cover. This sentence uses the "intertextual meaning" writing method: smoke and moonlight cover the water and sand.

③. Business woman: A business woman is a singing girl, a woman who makes a living by singing in restaurants or boats. Xu Zeng of the Qing Dynasty said in "Er'an Shuo Tang Poems": "Business girls make their living by singing. Singing "Houting Flowers" is just a song. Who would have thought that Empress Chen, who used this to subjugate his country, would have any hatred at home? When Du Muzhi listened to it across the river, he had a sense of infinite rise and fall, so he pretended that it was a poem? Chen Yinke's "Yuanbai Poetry Notes" says: "The so-called "across the river" in Mu Zhi's poem refers to the two places of Jinling and Yangzhou. This merchant girl was immediately the singer of Yangzhou, and she was in the Qinhuai merchant's boat. Fu Jinling is the capital of the Kingdom of Chen. "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu" is also the sound of Empress Chen's subjugation. This singer from Yangzhou in the north of the Yangtze River did not understand the hatred of Chen's death. She still sang the lingering music in her old capital in the south of the Yangtze River. Mu Zhi heard his singing, because the poems were chanted by his ears. "Modern Zhong Zhenzhen said: "Business women should be interpreted as business women" ("Understanding and Misunderstanding of Chinese Classical Poetry", published in the second issue of "Literary Heritage" in 1998). One theory is that business women, such as Bai Juyi's "Pipa" The two theories are applicable to "Hu Ting Hua": it is the music "Yu Shu Ting Hua". There are several versions of this song, but the one written by Chen Shubao, the empress of the Southern Dynasties, is the most famous. Empress Chen was the king of the subjugated country, so later generations regarded his favorite music and lyrics of "Yushu Houtinghua" as synonymous with the sound of the subjugated country. For example, the "Old Book of Tang·Music Chronicles" quoted Du Yan as saying to Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty: "The rise and fall of previous generations was due to happiness. When Chen was about to die, it was called "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu"; when Qi was about to die, it was called "Companion Song". Everyone who heard it on the road would weep, it was the so-called sound of the country's subjugation. "Xu Hun's "Jinling Nostalgic" poem says: "The song "Yushu" is the last of the king's spirit, and the soldiers in Jingyang are empty. "

Edit the translation of this paragraph

Like smoke, hazy water vapor envelopes the Qinhuai River, and the moonlight reflects on the sandy shore of the river.

Tranquility At night, the boat parked on the shore and leaned against the boatman.

The singer did not know the regret of the country's subjugation, and sang "The Flowers in the Backyard of the Yushu" in the hotel on the other side of the Qinhuai River.

< p>Edit this section Poetry Appreciation

Jiankang was the capital of the Six Dynasties. The Qinhuai River passed through the city and flowed into the Yangtze River. There were many restaurants on both sides of the city. It was the capital of the Tang Dynasty where wealthy nobles, bureaucrats and scholar-bureaucrats had fun and feasted. Although I am not in Jiankang, the scene on both sides of the Qinhuai River remains the same.

Some people say that it is "very rare to write a good poem" (the first sentence in this poem by Yan Yu). What is extraordinary is that the two characters "cage" are very eye-catching. The four characters "smoke, water, moon and sand" are harmoniously blended together by the two characters "cage", creating an extremely elegant waterside painting. Night. It is so soft and quiet, but also implies a slightly floating and flowing mood. The writing is so light, but the misty and cold atmosphere is so strong, and the "moon, water" in the first sentence is so strong. The two sentences "Moving in Qinhuai at night" are related, so after reading the first sentence, it seems natural to read "Moving in Qinhuai at night near the restaurant". But in terms of the poet's activities, "Night" should come first. "Po Qinhuai", you can see the scenery of "smoke cage, cold water, moon cage and sand", but if you really turn around and read it, you will find it boring. The advantage of this writing method is: first of all, it creates a very unique The unique environment and atmosphere give people a strong attraction and create a pre-emptive artistic effect, which is in line with the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, the treatment of the first and second sentences is very similar to the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. . Usually when people appreciate a painting, they usually focus on the wonderful picture (this is like "Smoke Cage, Cold Water, Moon Cage Sand"), and then look at the inscription in the corner (this is "Night Parking in Qinhuai") . Therefore, the poet's writing is also in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.

"Moving in Qinhuai near the restaurant" may seem ordinary, but the logical relationship in this poem is very strong. It is "near the restaurant" because of "night stay in Qinhuai". However, the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery in the previous sentence, making it more personal and typical, and also echo the title of the poem; This word opens the way for the following. Because of "near the restaurant", it leads to "business woman", "hate for the country's subjugation", and "back garden flower", and thus touches the poet's feelings. Therefore, from the development and development of the poem. From the perspective of emotional expression, these three words "near the restaurant" are like opening the floodgates, and the water of the river gushes out, flowing endlessly. These seven words connect the previous and the following, and the entire poem is composed by the poet in a detailed and exquisite way. , it can be seen here.

Historical background

Shang women are singers who serve others. What they sing depends on the taste of the listener. It can be seen from the poem that "Shang women do not know how to subjugate their country." "Hate" is a kind of twist. Those who really "don't know the hatred of the country's subjugation" are the appreciators in the painting - the feudal aristocrats, bureaucrats, and gentry. "The Flowers in the Back Courtyard", that is, the "Flowers in the Back Courtyard of Yushu", is said to be the debauchery of the Southern Dynasties. The melodious music composed by empress Chen who misled the country had long since brought Chen Chao to an end. However, now there are people who, in this age of decline, do not care about national affairs, but use the sound of national subjugation to have fun. How can this not cause the poet to worry that history will repeat itself! The word "across the river" comes from the story of "hate for the country's subjugation". It refers to the Sui Dynasty soldiers Chen's army in the north of the Yangtze River. The small court of the Southern Dynasty across the river was in danger, but the empress Chen was still in a state of disbelief. The word "still singing" subtly and naturally connects history, reality and imagined future, which is profound.

"The merchant girl does not know the hatred of her country's subjugation, but she still sings "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river." In the gentle and graceful style of the song, it shows bitter irony, deep sorrow, and infinite emotion, which can be called a "swan song". These two sentences express the relatively sober feudal intellectuals' hidden worries about state affairs, and also reflect that the bureaucrats and aristocrats are filling their decayed and empty souls with a life of sex, singing, dancing, and extravagance. This is exactly the real life of the declining late Tang Dynasty. Portraits of two different sides.

"Back Court Flower" refers to the song "Yushu Back Court Flower" written by Empress Chen.

Zhang Lihua, the concubine of Empress Chen in the Southern Dynasties, was originally a singing girl. She had long hair. Seven feet tall, light can detect people. Empress Chen fell in love with her at first sight. It is said that she often put her on her lap to discuss state affairs in the court hall. At that time, Yang Jian was accumulating troops and wanted to conquer the world, but Chen Houzhu didn't care and continued to live a life of debauchery all day long. Empress Chen built three more pavilions: "Linchun", "Jieqi" and "Wangxian" in front of the Guangming Palace. She lived in the Linchun Pavilion, Zhang Lihua lived in the Jieqi Pavilion, and the two noble concubines Gong and Kong lived in the Wangxian Pavilion. He only does drinking and writing poems. This poem is inspired by the scene. Jinling was once the capital of the Six Dynasties and prosperous for a time. Witnessing the declining power of the Tang Dynasty today, and the ignorance and debauchery of those in power, it is inevitable to repeat the mistakes of the Six Dynasties, which is infinitely sentimental. The first sentence describes the scenery, first trying to render the lightness and elegance of the night by the waterside

The second sentence of narrative points out the place for night parking; the third and fourth sentences of sentiments lead to the businesswoman from "near the restaurant"

< p>'s song, there are many singers and prostitutes in the restaurant, and they are natural and free; from the song's extravagance, it brings out "the hatred of the country's subjugation" and criticizes the power of the gentry

The nobles are addicted to the sound and color, implicit and deep; The melody of "Flowers in the Back Garden" is introduced, and the corpse of the Empress Chen is used to whip the rich and powerful for their debauchery, which is profound and sharp.

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Chen Houzhu once wrote a poem "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu": Liyu Fanglin faces the high pavilion, the new clothes are gorgeous and the quality is alluring; the reflected door is charming He didn't enter at first, but he came out of the curtain and greeted him with a smile. The face of the enchantress is like a flower with dew, and the eucalyptus trees are shining in the backyard; the flowers bloom and fall, but they will not last long, and the ground will fall red and fall into silence! This poem is considered to be the sound of national subjugation and an ominous omen.

Teaching Plan for "Po Qinhuai"

"Po Qinhuai" [Teaching Objectives] 1. Read, recite and write this poem emotionally. 2. Understand the literal meaning of the poem and appreciate the emotion contained between the lines. 3. Carefully appreciate the famous sayings that have been popular throughout the ages. [Key points and difficulties] 1. Key points: recite dictated poetry. 2. Difficulty: Understand the artistic conception of the poem. [Number of teaching hours] One teaching hour [Teaching process] Before class, ask the students to listen to the teacher read a poem: "Far up the cold mountain, the stone path is sloping, and there is a home deep in the white clouds. Stop and sit in the maple forest at night, the leaves are red with frost. February Flower. "Who wrote this poem?" (Du Mu's Journey to the Mountains) 1. Brief introduction to the author and writing background; In what dynasty was Du Mu a poet? (Tang Dynasty) What famous poets were there in the Tang Dynasty? Who are the two most famous poets? (Li Bai, Du Fu)

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Du Mu was very concerned about politics in the early days and expressed concern about the Tang Dynasty, which was riddled with holes at that time. He saw the decadence and mediocrity of the ruling group and saw that When they arrived at the feudal town to support their troops and consolidate themselves, they saw the frequent border troubles and felt deeply that the society was in danger and the future of the Tang Dynasty was pathetic. This thought of worrying about the times and the world prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. "Bo Qinhuai" was produced on the basis of this idea. When he came to the Qinhuai River, which was still prosperous at that time, and heard the restaurant singer singing "Back Garden Flowers", he was filled with emotion and wrote this poem. The poem says that the Jinling singer "doesn't know the hatred of the country's subjugation" and still sings the song "Flowers in the Back Garden". In fact, the author used the history of Empress Chen (Chen Shubao) to pursue debauchery and enjoy life and eventually destroyed the country, and satirized the drunken rulers of the late Tang Dynasty for not learning lessons from it, showing the author's incomparable concern and deep concern for the fate of the country.

Edit this paragraph to explain the ancient poem

Du Mu, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, traveled to Qinhuai and heard a singing girl singing "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu". She was beautiful and flirtatious, and men and women sang to each other. The song is sad, the sound of a subjugated country. At that time, empress Chen had been addicted to this sluggish life for a long time, and regarded state affairs as child's play, and finally lost his country. Although the Chen Dynasty died, this kind of extravagant music was passed down and was still sung by Qinhuai singers. This made Du Mu very emotional. His poem said: These ignorant singers don’t even understand the hatred of the country’s subjugation, and they still sing the sound of the country’s subjugation! In fact, this is an excuse to play on the topic. What he is actually mocking is the politics of the late Tang Dynasty: the officials were indulged in wine and sex, and they were quickly following in the footsteps of Empress Chen. The corner of Qinhuai harbored such a deep sense of rise and fall, which shows that Jinling still had a great influence even though the national political center had moved to Chang'an at that time. Du Mu also wrote another poem "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River", which is about the spring scenery of Jinling. The tone is much more cheerful: "Thousands of miles of orioles are singing, the green is reflected in red, and the wind of wine flags in water villages and mountains. There are 480 temples in the Southern Dynasty, and there are many towers in the mist and rain." Read these two sentences. With eighteen characters, you can imagine the spring scenery of Jinling in the Tang Dynasty with your eyes closed: orioles among red flowers and green willows, wine flags flying in water villages and mountains, the scenery is extremely moving, and there are many temples, their terraces in the mist and rain. Shining light, these temples are the religious and artistic wealth left to Jinling by the Southern Dynasty.

Edit this famous line

The business girl does not know the hatred of the country's subjugation, but she still sings the flowers in the backyard across the river.