Who can tell me the nature and characteristics of various departments in the tourism industry? Please give me about 1,000 words.

(1) The nature of tourism - As an industry, the fundamental purpose of tourism is to obtain income from tourism activities by promoting, promoting and providing convenient services. It is fundamentally an economic industry. Economy is the most fundamental attribute of tourism.

(2) Basic characteristics of tourism:

1 Comprehensive

The development of tourism is closely related to the development of many industries. It is a comprehensive industry integrating food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment. Its comprehensiveness is reflected in the following two aspects:

On the one hand, tourism products are composed of a variety of services A complex;

On the one hand, the production of tourism is comprehensive:

Material data production department

Non-material data production department

2 Linkage

The tourism industry itself has a strong correlation and has a dependent and driving role in adjacent industries.

Reliance: The degree of national economic development—the degree of tourism development—the quality of tourism services

The coordinated development of various enterprises and social departments within the tourism industry

Motivation: While developing itself, it promotes the development of aviation, water transportation, highways, construction, gardens, forestry, etc. and also promotes the overall improvement of the comprehensive environment of production and living. In short, promote regional economic opening up and optimize the investment environment

3 Labor-intensive service industries

The tourism industry belongs to the tertiary industry, that is, the service industry. This is because the products of the tourism industry are mainly It is a service provided to tourists to meet their needs. Although the overall tourism product contains some tangible product elements, as far as a complete tourism activity or travel experience is concerned, tourists' demand for travel is a requirement for full spiritual enjoyment. It is precisely because of this overall demand that the products sold by various tourism companies to tourists are just "memories" of the travel experience in the eyes of tourists. Therefore, from the perspective of tourism products as a whole, their value is not materialized in consumer goods. Marx once pointed out: "At any time, consumer goods, in addition to consumer goods in the form of commodities, also include a certain amount of consumer goods in the form of services." "The term service, generally speaking, just refers to this kind of labor A special use-value, just as all other commodities also have a special use-value of their own. But the special use-value of this kind of labor here acquires the special name of "whistle" because labor is not as a thing, but as living labour. "Providing services." The two points that need to be emphasized here are:

First, "service" is a use value, and it is a special use value;

Second , the use value of "service" is not characterized as a thing, but as "living labor". From the perspective of consumer goods produced by tourism services, the process of producing service products is also the process of providing services. Although some products, such as food and beverages, are tangible products on the surface, these foods and beverages cannot be separated from the service behavior in the process of providing catering services to tourists.

Tourism enterprises are mostly labor-intensive enterprises. However, in our country, some people believe that in the tourism industry, only travel agencies can be called truly labor-intensive enterprises, while hotels and transportation companies do not seem to be labor-intensive enterprises. The reason is that travel agencies have small investments but employ many people, while enterprises such as hotels and transportation companies have large investments. Compared with other industrial units with the same investment amount, they may not be able to create more direct employment opportunities. In other words, the standard they use to measure labor intensity is often the ratio of an enterprise's total investment to the total number of employees. The greater the per capita investment, the higher the labor intensity, and vice versa. Even in my country's economic circles, there are many people who hold this view. We do not intend to analyze the problems of this understanding here. We just want to remind readers to pay attention to the fact that in the international tourism academic community, including economists, people without exception believe that hotels and airlines are included. The tourism industry is a labor-intensive industry.

According to the common sense view of the international academic community, the criterion for determining whether an enterprise or industry is labor-intensive is not the number of employees it employs on its surface, nor is it the relationship between its investment amount and the number of employees. The proportion is the proportion of its salary costs in its total operating costs and expenses. Since the products of the tourism industry are tourism services that mainly provide labor services, the provision of its products does not involve a large amount of consumable raw material costs or the cost of consumable raw materials is small, so that wage costs account for a large proportion of all operating costs and expenses. proportion. It is precisely because of this that the tourism industry is labor-intensive.

4 Foreign-related interpersonal activities Inbound tourism Outbound tourism Sensitivity (fragility)

The operation of the tourism industry will be affected by many factors at any time. From the perspective of the internal situation of the tourism industry, its various components must develop in a coordinated manner in terms of quantity and quality. If any part of it is disconnected, it will cause an imbalance in the tourism supply of the entire destination; thus affecting the economic benefits of the entire destination tourism industry. realization.

From the perspective of the external environment that affects tourism operations, adverse changes in various natural, political, economic and social factors may have an impact on tourism operations, some of which changes may have fatal effects. For example, natural factors include earthquakes, severe weather, and disease epidemics; economic factors include energy shortages and economic crises; political factors include deterioration of relations between countries, political violence, terrorist activities, and wars, etc., which will all lead to crises in the tourism industry. and frustration. This is the main reason why people think tourism is a fragile industry.