Zhanjiang folk culture

Leizhou enjoys the reputation as the hometown of folk culture and art in China and the hometown of calligraphy in China.

Leizhou culture is not only one of the four major national cultures in Guangdong, but also one of the main cultures in Zhanjiang.

Leizhou culture is a regional culture characterized by Leizhou dialect, and its distribution scope includes Leizhou, Suixi, Xuwen, Mazhang, East Island, Xiashan and parts of Lianjiang.

Zhanjiang folk songs mainly include leizhou song, Donghai Marriage, Wuchuan Folk Songs, Wuchuan Folk Songs: Combing the Hair of Married Women, Wuchuan Water Songs, Salty Water Songs, Lianjiang Songs, Vernacular Songs and Fu Poems.

Zhanjiang folk instrumental music includes Leizhou Music, Anpu Eight Tones, Panzhou Eight Tones, Wayao Pottery Drum, Hua Qin, Lei Hu and so on.

Leizhou music refers to Leizhou folk instrumental music, which is one of the five major folk music in Guangdong Province and one of more than 40 kinds of music in China.

Zhanjiang religious music is divided into Leizhou Buddhist music and Leizhou Taoist music.

Cantonese music is widely spread in Zhanjiang folk music art, such as Cantonese Opera, Nanyin, Dragon Boat, Muyu and Crosstalk, Allegro, Three Sentences and a Half, Lotus Board, Truth, Selling Chicken Tune, etc., while local folk songs mainly include: girl songs in Leizhou, Muyu in Lianjiang, Muyu in Wuchuan, Bai Opera, Li Opera and puppet singing. Its melody is beautiful and melodious, and the melody is catchy.

According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 200 private bureaus and amateur folk art societies in counties, districts and towns in Zhanjiang, and there are nearly dozens of folk art teams such as girls' songs, songs and wooden fish.

Zhanjiang folk opera has a long history. After continuous development, there are mainly two categories: folk puppet shows and local operas.

Zhanjiang folk puppet show can be divided into western Guangdong white show (formerly known as Anpu white show, also known as white puppet), Wuchuan puppet show and Liyi show.

Lei Ju and Cantonese Opera are the only local operas in Zhanjiang.

Zhanjiang folk songs are divided into Cantonese opera, storytelling, lotus board, truth, selling chicken tunes, girl songs, Wuchuan Muyu and Muyu.

Religious dances in Zhanjiang are divided into powder swallowing dance, scattered flower dance and eye dance.

Animal dances in Zhanjiang can be divided into centipede dance, brave dance, eagle dance, lion dance and dragon dance.

Zhanjiang folk dance can be divided into playing tea (Xuwen marriage custom) and recognizing the year.

Zhanjiang folk crafts have a long history, profound connotation, rich and unique, and occupy an important position in Lingnan and even the whole country.

The folk crafts in Zhanjiang mainly include stone carving, clay sculpture, dough sculpture, colored sculpture, colored tie, Wuchuan floating color, grass flower mat, root carving, wood carving, paper cutting and so on.

There are stone statues, statues, horses, turtles, drums, dogs, lions, stone tablets, stone reliefs, Panlong stone pillars, stone foundations, stone arches, stone tablets, stone snails, stone cats, stone pigs and stone sheep in Zhanjiang.

Wuchuan clay sculpture originated in the late Tang Dynasty and early Song Dynasty and was raised by villagers in Wayao, Meilong Town. Now it has formed a mass clay sculpture activity.

In 2000, the Ministry of Culture named Wuchuan as "the hometown of Chinese folk art" (clay sculpture).

Colored ties have many different names among the people, such as iron bars, colored paste, paper binding, stickers and so on. , which covers a wide range, including colorful gadolinium Peng Ling, Lingwu, various opera figures, lanterns, birds, animals and so on.

The city's lanterns mainly include: Xiong Ying Lantern Festival, Lion Dance Lantern Festival, Lantern Festival, Taiping Pioneer Palace Lantern Festival, Meilong Huaqiao Lantern Festival and Leizhou Reuters Lantern Festival.

Zhanjiang's folk martial arts can be divided into boxing and equipment, mostly in the form of routine, Sanda, equipment, sparring and so on.

The main types of boxing are Hongjia Boxing and Boxing, as well as schools such as Li, Mo and Buddha.

Zhanjiang's folk stunts include piercing the arrow, stabbing the bed, stepping on the fire, climbing the knife ladder, spraying glass, driving the abdomen, turning the swing, piercing the knife hole and passing through the fire ring, etc.

The Gregorian calendar year is a unique festival in Lingnan area of western Guangdong. It is not wider than the Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and other national festivals, but they have similarities and are all traditional customs.

Just like the water-splashing festival of the Dai people, the annual flavor is unique to the local area, with strong ethnic customs and local flavor.

As for the form of celebration, it also shows the simplicity, kindness, enthusiasm and optimism of rural people.

The uniqueness of one year also enhances the local people's sense of local superiority, and it is undoubtedly proud to have a unique festival.

It is very unique to climb the knife ladder, go into the sea of fire, stab the bed, pierce the arrow and dance the eagle in the yin house.

Wuchuan Lantern Festival: The Wuchuan Lantern Festival is very lively from the 14th to 17th day of the first lunar month. The streets and alleys of Meilong Street (town) are decorated with colorful lights and tourists. What a festive scene.

Lantern Festival activities are colorful, including lifelike clay sculptures and electric colored sculptures, towering bamboo and wood five-level archways and flower pagodas, colorful flower bridges and majestic buildings.

* * * When the gongs and drums are loud, there are dragon dances, lion dances, brave dances, Erzhen dances, six generals dances, stepping on ten times, playing flute and pottery drums. There are all kinds of floats, "ground color" and wonderful and ingenious "float color", as well as colorful flower cluster teams, colorful national flag teams, honor guards and martial arts teams.

Zhanjiang is the city with the most complicated dialect in the province.

Besides the popular Mandarin, there are three dialects: Cantonese, Fujian and Hakka.

The origin and distribution of Zhanjiang dialect are related to the origin of local population.

In ancient Zhanjiang, the aborigines were ethnic minorities and spoke minority languages.

During the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, a large number of * * * moved from Putian, Zhangzhou, Zhejiang and other places in Fujian to Leizhou Peninsula, bringing Fujian dialect which had already formed, and later developed into a branch with the largest number of local residents.

Due to the large population, Min dialect has become the most common language in Leizhou Peninsula.

Almost at the same time that Min dialect was introduced into Leizhou Peninsula, Cantonese, which had already formed in Xijiang area, began to be introduced into this city, and Meilong, Wuchuan and Lianjiang were introduced earlier.

Later, the Hakka dialect introduced into this city was brought by the Hakka people who moved to Lianjiang during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (mainly in the Ming Dynasty, especially when Chen Lin put down the Yao rebellion), including Tingzhou Prefecture, Shaozhou Prefecture, Chaozhou Prefecture and Huizhou Prefecture (later separated from Chaozhou Prefecture).

After the three dialects of Fujian, Guangdong and Hakka were introduced into this city, due to the lack of communication with the original area, in the long historical development, influenced by the local language environment, various dialects have undergone certain changes and formed their own characteristics.

Min dialect developed into Leizhou dialect (or Li dialect and Lei dialect), Guangdong dialect developed into Zhanjiang dialect, Wuchuan dialect and Lianjiang dialect, and Hakka dialect developed into Ci dialect (or Ya dialect and Ai dialect).

Zhanjiang City governs 5 districts and 5 counties (cities). Cantonese is spoken in Chikan and Xiashan, and Leizhou dialect is spoken in the surrounding countryside. Cantonese is the main language in Potou District, and Leizhou dialect is rarely spoken. Most of Mazhang District speaks Leizhou dialect, and a few speak Cantonese. Most of Wuchuan speaks Wuchuan dialect, and a few speak Leizhou dialect. Most of Xuwen and Haikang counties speak Leizhou dialect, while Hakka and Cantonese are scattered. Most of Suixi speaks Leizhou dialect, and a few speak Cantonese. Lianjiang speaks Cantonese and Hakka, and a few speak Leizhou dialect.

Among the three major dialects in this city, Leizhou dialect has the largest number of speakers, followed by Cantonese and Yayu.

Guangzhou dialect is the main dialect in this city.

In addition, some towns where dialects meet and commodity economy is developed have become bilingual and multilingual areas, and residents can speak several dialects at the same time.

Cantonese in this city is complicated, and there are great differences between counties (cities, districts) in different regions and even between counties (cities, districts).

Generally speaking, it can be divided into two categories: Zhanjiang dialect and Wuchuan dialect.

Zhanjiang vernacular can be divided into urban vernacular, Meilong vernacular, Lianjiang vernacular, Suixi vernacular and Longtoutang vernacular.

The initials and finals of urban vernacular are basically the same as those of Guangzhou dialect, so experts put them into Guangzhou dialect. The difference between urban vernacular and Guangzhou dialect is that the tone and accent are very different, so you can tell it by opening your mouth.

Dialects in Lu Mei, Lianjiang and Suixi are mostly the same as those in Guangzhou dialect. Their obvious feature is that there are many words with fricative initials in Gaozhou and Huazhou dialects, so some people classify them as "Gaozhou (Yangzhou) Dialect".

Wuchuan dialect is Cantonese, and its phonology is different from that of Guangzhou dialect. Wu Zhou dialect is used to Wuyang dialect in Wuzhou.

Leizhou dialect is also different, generally divided into Xu Wenyin dialect, Haikang dialect, Suixi dialect, Lianjiang dialect and suburban dialect. These differences are mainly manifested in intonation and accent.

For example, Xuwen dialect has a slight accent of Hainan dialect, with only inspiratory consonants.

Compared with Haikang dialect, Lianjiang's Leizhou dialect is "blunt" and the sound length is not enough.

There are also some common words with different sounds in Leizhou dialect, but they can be spoken everywhere.

Because Leizhou has always been located in Leicheng Town, people used to take Leicheng dialect as the representative.

There is little difference between Ya dialect and Hakka dialect in northeast Guangdong. The main difference is that common words have local characteristics and slightly different tones.

The Ya dialect in Zhanjiang is similar to that in Yangjiang and Maoming, which are both western Guangdong.

The Atlas of Chinese Language (Second Edition) published on 20 12 classifies Ya dialect in Zhanjiang as Hakka Cantonese.

Zhanjiang Ya dialect is represented by Lianjiang Shijiao dialect.