What are Su Shi’s masterpieces in his early years?

Su Shi’s bold and unrestrained "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" is the first to recommend.

Contents

As the river goes eastward, the waves are swept away, and the romantic figures of the ages are revealed. On the west side of the fortress, the humane road is Chibi, the Lang of the Zhou Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms. Rocks pierced through the sky, stormy waves crashed onto the shore, and thousands of piles of snow were rolled up.

The country is picturesque, and there are many heroes at one time. I recall Gong Jin’s time when Xiao Qiao was married for the first time and looked majestic and handsome. Feather fan and silk scarf, while talking and laughing, the rapist disappeared into ashes. My motherland wanders in my mind, I should laugh at my passion, and I will be born early.

Life is like a dream, a bottle of wine can return the moon to the river.

[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation

If breaking tradition is regarded as a basic quality of "greatness", Su Shi is well-deserved for greatness. Compared with the secluded world of "Flowers among the Flowers", where "flowers are falling and the children are crowing, and dreams are lingering outside the green window", Su Shi's poems are full of grandeur and singing, which undoubtedly opens up a new world for us. Although his "poetry-like" short words and "poems that cannot be read" are highly controversial in the world, such a lofty atmosphere, such an open realm, and such a broad-minded style are, after all, rarely seen before. . Even from this we can also estimate the important position of Su Shi's words in the history of poetry.

This poem "Niannujiao" was written in the fifth year of Yuanfeng of Shenzong (1082), more than two years after he was demoted to Huangzhou due to the "Wutai Poetry Case". Chibi (Bi) Island outside Huangzhou City has beautiful scenery and is a place for literati to appreciate. Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" is written by Dongpo in Volume 28:

At the foothills of the western mountains of Huangzhou, when fighting enters the river, the color of the stones is as red as red. It is said that Cao Cao's defeat was the so-called Red Cliff. who. Or not. When Cao Gong returned from defeat, he took the Huarong Road. The road was muddy, so the old and the weak walked on it first. He said, "Liu Bei is smarter than others but he is late to see things. The Huarong road is covered with reeds. If he were to set fire to it, I would not leave him alone." 'Today, the opposite bank to the west of Chibi Shao is Huarong Town, where the common people are. However, there is Huarong County in Yuezhou, but I don't know which one it is. Today, the scholar Li Wei came and brought wine in a small boat and drank it under the red cliff. Li Shan played the flute, drank heavily, and performed several tricks. The wind blows and the water surges, big fish come out, and there are falcons roosting on the mountain, which startle them. Sitting and thinking about Meng De and Gong Jin, it’s like yesterday. The scene of wind and water surging described by Su Shi here and his association with Cao Cao and Zhou Yu's battle at Chibi are vividly reflected in the poem "Nian Nujiao" and "Chibi Fu".

It is worth noting that Su Shi had some doubts about whether Chibi in Huangzhou was the hometown of the Battle of Chibi during the Three Kingdoms period.

This poem is nostalgic and lyrical, writing that one has exhausted all his ambition and turned to focus on history and life with a broad-minded heart. The upper column mainly describes the natural scenery of Chibiji with wind and waves. The artistic conception is broad and broad, and the emotion is vaguely deep. When you start writing, you can lift the clouds vigorously, and you can lift powerfully. Combining the mighty rivers and people through the ages, he writes down the lines.

However, Su Shi had other insights: Since it is inevitable for romantic figures throughout the ages to be like this, then there is no need to lament when one's own glory, disgrace, and poverty are so great! Since human beings have reached the same destination through such different paths, it would be too pedantic to be obsessed with temporary fame. The next two sentences cut into the nostalgic theme and talk specifically about the events of Red Cliff in the Three Kingdoms. The words "humanity is" are used very appropriately. The hometown of the Battle of Red Cliff is highly controversial. One theory is that it was changed to Chibi City in present-day Puqi County, Hubei Province. But today there are four places in Hubei Province with the same name as Chibi, and the other three are near Huanggang, Wuchang, and Hanyang. The place Su Shi visited was Huanggang Chibi. He seemed unsure, so he used the words "humanity is" to elicit the following discussion.

"Rocks" The following five sentences describe the spectacular scene of the surging river. Among them, the verbs such as "wear", "shoot" and "roll" are used vividly. "The country is picturesque" is a general sentence for describing scenery. "How Many Heroes at a Time" transitions from scenery to personnel.

The focus of Su Shi's writing was "Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms", so the whole story was triggered by Zhou Lang. Change the first five sentences to write about the Chibi War. Similar to Zhou Yu's laughter and debate, the author describes such a vigorous war with ease and ease. From the "Eternal Romantic Person" at the beginning of the sentence to "How Many Heroes at a Time" and then to "Reminiscing about Gong Jin's time", the line of sight kept narrowing and finally focused on Zhou Yu. However, when writing about Zhou Yu, we do not write about his great wisdom and courage, but only about his elegant and elegant demeanor.

People who are not paying attention may easily regard "Feather Fan Turban" as a nickname for Zhuge Liang, because Zhuge Liang's attire is famous for his feather fan scarf. But during the Three Kingdoms period, this was the usual attire of Confucian generals. People in the Song Dynasty also often use "feather fan" to refer to Zhou Yu. For example, Dai's poem "Red Cliff" written in retro form says: "Thousands of years have passed since Zhou Gongjin, as he is now. The heroic wind waves the feather fan, and the fierce fire breaks the building and the ship."

Su Shi It is said here that Zhou Yu is elegant and calm, but his emotions are complicated. The two sentences "homeland" were transferred from Zhou Lang to himself. Zhou Yu was thirty-four years old when he defeated Cao Cao, while Su Shi was forty-seven when he wrote this poem. Confucius once said: "If someone is forty or fifty and is unknown, it is nothing to fear." From Zhou Yu's youth and promise, Su Shi thought of his own ups and downs, so he said "I am so sentimental that you should laugh at me", which sounded like light words. It's light, but its meaning is gloomy. But Su Shi is Su Shi after all. He is not a miserable Confucian, but a wise man who has overcome the favor and disgrace in the world. Therefore, after he realized his sorrow, he did not indulge in the sea of ??misery and self-destruction like Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty, but placed Zhou Yu and himself in the entire history of the country to observe. In Su Shi's view, what happened to Zhou Yu, who was chic, calm and world-famous back then? Wasn't he also wiped out by the waves? With this comparison, Su Shi transcended from his sorrow.

"Everywhere in life, we know what is the same. It should be like a flying star stepping on the snow and mud. Occasionally there are fingers and claws left on the mud, but Hongfei can't count things." ("Hezi Nostalgia from Mianchi"). Therefore, after Su Shi made some comparisons with Zhou Yu, although he also saw that his political achievements were not comparable to Zhou Yu's, when it came to the development laws and universal destiny of the entire human race, there was actually no big difference between the two. With such deep thinking, he came to the conclusion of the poem, "The world is like a dream, and a statue returns the moon to the river". As he said in the poem "Moon over the Xijiang River": "The world is a big dream, and life has several cool autumns." Negativity and pessimism are not the true meaning of life, but transcendence and soaring are the song of life. Since everything in the world seems like a dream, why not sprinkle the bottle of wine on the reflection of the bright moon in the center of the river, get rid of the depression, enjoy the infinite from the limited, and let the spirit be free. His "Red Cliff Ode" written at the same time makes this statement more clear and conclusive: "Only the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard by the ears and become sounds, and the eyes can see them and become colors. There is no restriction on taking them and using them without restriction. "Exhaustion is the infinite treasure of the Creator, and it is the perfect fit for me and my son." This kind of transcendental and far-sighted text is like a replica of the thoughts of "Zhuangzi's Theory of the Equality of Things." But Zhuangzi used this to avoid reality, and Su Shi used this to transcend reality.

The Huangzhou years were a period when Su Shi's thoughts changed, and it was also a period when he continued to become mature and wise. He used this to preserve his calm personality and maintain his sincere spirit. This poem "Niannujiao" and several poems written in the same period all reveal clues to us.

Since its publication, this word has experienced two completely different fates. Those who praised it, such as Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua", called it "a superb semantic meaning, a true masterpiece of ancient and modern times". Those who derogated him were like what Yu Wenbao said in "Blowing the Sword": "Dongpo was in Yutang, and there was a minister who was good at praising him. He asked: 'How is my poetry compared to Liu Qi?' He replied: 'Liu Lang's poetry can only be combined with Qi's poetry." Eight girls, holding a red tooth board, sang "The dawn wind wanes on the bank of the willows". The bachelor's poem required a big man from Guanxi, holding an iron board, singing "The Great River Goes East". The singing style distinguishes the two styles of poetry between Liu and Su, but it also contains a mockery of Su's poetry that deviates from the traditional style of poetry. In the Qing Dynasty, some people believed that the tone of this word was "unqualified" (Ding Shaoyi's "Tingqiu Shengguan Ci Hua"), and Zhu Yizun's "Ci Zong" added detailed dialectics, which can be said to be critical.

"Niannujiao" was written by Su Shi after he was demoted to Huangzhou. Su Shi became a Jinshi at the age of 21. Before the age of 30, he lived in a study for most of his life. His career was bumpy, with political ups and downs in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the age of 43 (the second year of Yuanfeng), he was arrested and imprisoned for writing a poem that satirized the new law. After he was released from prison, he was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian. This was a sinecure. He cultivated fields in the old city camp, traveled and visited ancient times, and was politically frustrated, which fostered his thoughts and emotions of escaping from reality and being underappreciated. However, due to his open-minded mind, he was inspired by the majestic country of the motherland and historical figures. , used the scenery to express emotions, and wrote a series of well-known poems, of which this word is the representative.

The poems of "Niannujiao" are divided into upper and lower sections. The upper column chants about Red Cliff, the lower column cherishes Zhou Yu, and hurts oneself by remembering the past, and ends with one's own emotion. The author is nostalgic for the past, thinking about the heroes of ancient times, and uses the heroic deeds praised in ancient times to think about the setbacks he has experienced. Unable to make achievements and achieve great ambitions, his lyrics express his inner sorrow and anger.

The poem on the red cliff focuses on describing the scenery as a foil for the description of the characters. The first three sentences not only describe the momentum of Dajiang, but also summarize all the heroes through the ages, expressing the yearning for heroes. Under the guise of "humanity is" to introduce the character being chanted. The use of words such as "chaos", "piercing", "surprised", "shooting" and "volume" exquisitely and uniquely outlines the dangerous situation of the ancient battlefield and writes its majestic and majestic scenes, thereby recalling the Red Cliff Battle in the next film. The heroic characters in it enhance the atmosphere of the environment.

The next chapter focuses on people who use their admiration for Zhou Yu to express their feelings about the failure of their achievements. The purpose of writing "Xiao Qiao" is to highlight Zhou Yu's talent and high-spiritedness, and to highlight the character's grace. The description of Zhou Yu's military exploits in the middle is intended to contrast his old age and inaction. Although the last few sentences of "passionate" express sentimental feelings, this feeling is actually the poet's unwillingness to sink, active and enterprising, and the performance of the hero without losing his heroic nature.

Use heroic sentiments to write about your heart.

The poet is a broad-minded person. Although he was frustrated in politics, he never lost confidence in life. This poem is a concentrated reflection of his complex mood. Although the poem is written with frustration, the style is heroic and heroic, which is obviously different from the works of frustrated literati on the same theme. The heroic sentiment in the lyrics is first reflected in the description of the scenery in Red Cliff. The extraordinary weather of the Yangtze River and the dangerous situation of the ancient battlefield give people a sense of heroism. Zhou Yu's talents and achievements are all enviable.

To contrast and contrast

The character the author wants to create in this poem is Zhou Yu, but he starts from the "romantic figure of the ages", which leads to the "how many people" during the Battle of Chibi. "Hero" was finally concentrated on Zhou Yu, which highlighted Zhou Yu's important position in the author's heart. There are two kinds of contrasts in the poem: one is that the real scene and the virtual scene contrast with each other, and the other is that Zhou Yu's "majestic appearance" and the author's "premature beauty" contrast with each other.

The four words "The Great River Goes to the East" are used to show its majesty through the ages. Since ancient times, no one has surpassed it.

It is extremely concise and simple yet grand and heroic, and rich in philosophy. It brings readers into the historical atmosphere of the rise and fall of the ages, and expresses the poet's infinite nostalgia for the heroes of the past. This is unmatched by other poets. .

The main feature of the writing method of "Nian Nujiao" is to express feelings by combining description of scenery and nostalgia for the past. For example, the description and praise of Red Cliff in the first half of the poem embodies the emotions in the scenery and blends the scenes. The image of Zhou Yu depicted in the lower half of the column reflects the author's admiration for historical heroes. Finally, I expressed my emotion by saying "a bottle of wine returns the moonlight over the river". The whole poem has a broad artistic conception, unrestrained emotions, and the language is also very vivid and vivid.