Interested in international development assistance and China's foreign aid, please provide some reference books or papers. Thank you.

The reduction of aid to China by many countries will have an unpredictable impact on China's economy and society

Brief introduction of New Zealand's development aid to China

21-6-24 14:34 Article source: International Department

Article type: original content classification: Other

Sino-Singapore development cooperation began in 1989, mainly based on technical cooperation, and the initial form was directly to relevant project units. In 199, the new government established a comprehensive technical cooperation relationship with our government. In 1997, under the framework agreement of Sino-Singapore technical cooperation, it was further clarified that Sino-Singapore development cooperation mainly focused on poverty alleviation, technology transfer and policy exchange. As of April 21, Singapore's free aid to China totaled about S $26.1 million (about US$ 18.8 million).

Brief introduction of Australia's development assistance to China

21-6-24 14:32 Article source: International Department

Article type: original content classification: Other

China-Australia development cooperation is an important part of China-Australia bilateral economic and trade relations. In October 1981, the Chinese and Australian governments signed the Agreement on Technical Cooperation for Development. So far, the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) has provided me with 62 million Australian dollars (about 47 million US dollars) in aid, and 127 cooperative projects have been completed and 9 projects are being implemented. Cooperation projects involve agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, energy, transportation, textiles, education, health, urban planning, environmental protection, comprehensive poverty alleviation, system reform, capacity building, rural development and other fields.

At present, China-Australia development cooperation mainly includes three areas: government governance, environmental development and AIDS prevention. In 24, Australia provided me with 21 million Australian dollars for cooperation in government management projects. Since 27, Australia has provided me with 5 million Australian dollars for five years of cooperation, focusing on supporting health and AIDS prevention (25 million Australian dollars) and environmental development (25 million Australian dollars). In addition, AusAID uses aid funds to support and strengthen cooperation and exchanges with China in the Asia-Pacific region.

Brief introduction of Denmark's free aid to China

21-6-24 14:3 Article Source: International Department

Article Type: Original Content Classification: Others

On December 21, 25, the Chinese and Danish governments signed a development cooperation agreement, which marked the resumption of bilateral development cooperation between the two countries. At the beginning of 26, the Danish government set up a development cooperation office in its embassy in China, aiming at promoting the investment and cooperation of its enterprises in China through development cooperation. According to the strategic framework of development assistance to China formulated by the Danish government, 3 million Danish kroner (about 5 million US dollars) was provided to the government of China in 24-28 to support the development of China's environment, with emphasis on cooperation in wind energy development and utilization, biomass energy and clean development mechanism.

A brief introduction of the Dutch aid to China

21-6-24 14:25 Article source: International Department

Article type: original content classification: others

In p>1986, the Dutch government began to provide free aid to China. In 1996, the two governments signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Development Cooperation between China and the Netherlands. By the end of 28, the Netherlands * * * had provided China with about US$ 164 million in free aid, and * * * carried out 57 cooperation projects to support cooperation in the fields of environmental protection, legal cooperation, private sector development and Tibetan culture protection.

Brief introduction of EU's free aid to China

21-6-24 14:23 Article source: EU

Article type: original content classification: others

The EU began to provide financial and technical assistance to China in 1984. Before 1995, the development assistance provided by the EU to China was mainly poverty alleviation, mainly in the fields of agriculture and rural development. After 1995, the EU adjusted its China policy and its development assistance policy, and expanded the scope of its assistance to China.

as of June 21, 75 projects have been supported under China-EU development cooperation, with a cumulative aid amount of about 73 million euros. Among them, 58 projects have been completed, with a cumulative amount of about 48 million euros; There are 17 projects under implementation, with a total amount of about 25 million euros. The cooperation projects between the two sides involve many fields such as economic and social reform, trade, justice, government governance, agriculture, environmental protection, energy, education, health and social security.

since 22, the European union has started to formulate the country strategy document (CSP) under the development assistance. The first EU Country Strategy Document for China covers the year of 22-26, and takes "supporting China's economic and social reform, promoting sustainable development and environmental protection, and improving government management and legal system" as the three priority areas of China-EU development cooperation. According to this document, during the five years from 22 to 26, the European Union provided me with about 25 million euros of free aid, involving 12 projects, most of which have been implemented at present.

At present, the EU is implementing the second Country Strategy Document for China, covering the period of 27-213. This document is implemented in two phases of the National Guidance Plan (MIP). The first phase of MIP covers 27-21, with a total capital of about 128 million euros, and 11 projects are planned. At present, most projects have signed financial agreements or entered the implementation stage, and a few projects are still in the design process. The European side is seeking opinions from all parties on the second national guidance plan (211-213), which is expected to be formally introduced this year.

Brief introduction of Italy's free aid to China

21-6-24 14:22 Article source: International Division

Article type: Original content classification: Other

Sino-Italian development cooperation began in 1981, and by March 21, Italy * * * provided me with a grant of about 211 million US dollars. Among them, 36 projects have been completed and 12 projects are under implementation. The cooperation projects involve public health, comprehensive poverty alleviation, cultural relics protection and the protection of the rights and interests of the disabled. Since 1999, the two sides have resumed the annual meeting system of development cooperation.

Brief introduction of Sweden's free aid to China

21-6-24 14:2 Article source: International Department

Article type: original content classification: others

The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) is a government agency, which was established in 1995. Its function is to plan, manage and organize the implementation of Sweden's cooperation with China.

since 1985, the Swedish government has provided me with about $64 million in free technical assistance through bilateral channels. Before 25, my cooperation with Switzerland was loose, and no documents were signed between governments. After 25, the two sides began to sign an exchange of notes on the project. As of June 21, an exchange of letters on projects has been signed, 18 projects have been completed, and 1 projects are under implementation, with a total cooperation amount of about US$ 12.9 million. The cooperation projects between the two sides involve environmental protection, gender equality and human resources development, and the main ways of cooperation are expert exchange visits, joint research and training visits.

recently, the Swedish government revised the country strategy for technical cooperation with China, and made it clear that future cooperation will be carried out in the form of "partnership", with the main areas of cooperation being civil society, environment and climate change, and gender equality.

introduction of multi-bilateral free aid countries

28-6-3 16:32 article source: website of Chongqing Foreign Trade and Economic Commission

article type: reprinted content classification: investigation

1. Australia

China-Australia development cooperation is an important part of China-Australia economic and trade relations. In October 1981, China and Australia signed the Agreement on Technical Cooperation for Development, and Australia began to provide development assistance to China. So far, China and Australia have completed 126 cooperation projects, and Australia has provided free assistance of 3 million US dollars. There are 1 cooperative projects under implementation, and the Australian side provides free assistance of about 7 million US dollars. Cooperation projects involve agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, energy, transportation, textiles, education, health, urban planning, environmental protection, comprehensive poverty alleviation, system reform, capacity building, rural development and other fields.

by 21, the Australian government will increase the annual foreign aid scale from the current A $2 billion to A $4 billion, and the aid to China will decrease steadily.

in p>26-27, Australia will continue to provide 38 million Australian dollars in aid. It mainly includes three key areas: government governance, environmental water resources management, AIDS and other infectious diseases prevention and control. In addition, AusAID's aid to China particularly supports strengthening cooperation and exchanges with China in the Asia-Pacific region.

The new plan for p>26-21 clearly states that the future development cooperation with China will mainly focus on the exchange of experience and policies, and will no longer provide financial and hardware assistance.

the keynote of the new China-Australia development cooperation program is defined as "a new strategy for a changing relationship". If we follow the requirements of the "five overall plans", cooperate with the strategies formulated by the central government, such as "western development", "revitalizing the old industrial bases in Northeast China" and "the rise of central China", and build a harmonious society, and focus on the UN Millennium Development Goals, we will comprehensively help the poor and develop, balance regional development, strengthen the public health system, especially the comprehensive prevention and treatment of major diseases, promote ecological resources protection and environmental sustainable development, energy conservation and new energy development and utilization, and human resources.

In addition, there is great potential and space for cooperation in promoting regional cooperation, peace and security, trade and investment promotion and intellectual property protection.

the combination of local pilot and central decision-making is the future cooperation mode.

China-Australia cooperation also has two traditional characteristic areas: Scholarship Program (ADS) and Small Poverty Alleviation Program (SAS). Australia provides me with 24 scholarships in development fields every year, focusing on central and western provinces and central ministries and institutions closely related to key areas of development cooperation. The Small Poverty Alleviation Project (SAS) in Australia is widely known, and the aid targets are mainly ethnic minority areas, old revolutionary areas, extremely poor mountainous areas and severe disaster areas that cannot be covered by key areas in China and Australia. In principle, support will not be repeated in the same area within 5 years.

2. Canada

Sino-Canadian cooperation began in 1982. Over the past 2 years, the cooperation between the two sides has involved agriculture, forestry, energy, transportation, education, communication, environmental protection, talent development, system reform and poverty alleviation, with a total of 11 projects and 84 completed. The total amount of aid to China is about 76 million Canadian dollars (US$ 6 million).

Canada's country development programming framework and Canda's international policy statement published by the Canadian government in May 25 have become the guidelines for China-Canada development cooperation. The new international policy includes four parts: diplomacy, national defense, commerce and development. As for the development part, the new policy clearly points out that by 21, CIDA will concentrate at least two-thirds of its bilateral aid on 25 countries (per capita GDP is less than $1,), and Environmental sustainability and governance will be the two key areas of China-Canada development cooperation in the future. It has also gradually developed to a high level such as policy and legislation.

3. Denmark stopped in 1989 and resumed its aid to China in 25. According to the strategic framework of development assistance to China in 24-28, the Danish government will provide 3 million Danish kroner (about 4 million euros) of free aid to the government of China in the next four years to support the development of China's environment, with emphasis on cooperation in wind energy development and utilization, biomass energy and clean development mechanism. At present, cooperation is mainly concentrated at the national level, with ministries and commissions as the executive bodies of China.

4. The EU

began to provide financial and technical assistance to China in p>1984. Before 1995, the development assistance provided by the EU to China was mainly poverty alleviation. Mainly concentrated in the agricultural field. After 1995, China's policy and development assistance policy were adjusted, and the scope of EU assistance to China was expanded.

up to now, 6 projects have been supported under development, with a cumulative amount of 6 million euros. Involving agriculture, environmental protection, energy, education, health, trade, justice and government governance and many other fields.

China and Europe will strengthen cooperation in the field of development cooperation, and the priority areas will remain "supporting China's economic and social reform, promoting sustainable development and environmental protection, and improving government management and legal system".

management modes are CENTRALIZED management and DECENTRALIZED management. There are two types of centralized management projects. One is that the EU headquarters or its entrusted mission in Beijing is directly responsible, and China's participation in project implementation is limited to policy consultation, but it is not responsible for the specific implementation and management of the project; For another kind of centralized management project, the European side takes the lead in setting up the project steering committee, and the Chinese side (Ministry of Commerce) participates in the project management as the chairman, and the main participants of the project participate in the project steering committee as observers. Under the decentralized management mode, the Chinese side (Ministry of Commerce) will set up a project steering committee together with the lead implementation unit * * *, and the European side will participate in the steering committee as an observer with the right to speak. In the implementation of the project, China will lead the implementation department to appoint a full-time project director to the project task force -PTF. The European side will no longer send a European project director, but only send a long-term European expert leader to assist the project director and provide consulting services for the project activities.

5. Germany

In p>1982, Germany began to provide free services to China. In 26, the relations and cooperation between the two countries gave priority to the following areas:

comprehensive urban management and sustainable development in western China; Regional sustainable development; Environmental policy cooperation; Energy utilization efficiency; Corporate social responsibility; Renewable Energy —— Optimal Utilization of Biomass Energy. According to the development strategy and policy dialogue between the two countries, the key areas of technical cooperation between the two countries in the future are: economic system reform, legal cooperation, financial system development and employment promotion; Environmental policy; Natural resource management; Energy and urban development; Environment-friendly transportation system.

at present, the characteristics of cooperation are: 1) the areas of cooperation are relatively concentrated (future cooperation will mainly focus on environmental policy consultation, economic system reform and legal cooperation, improving energy utilization efficiency, new energy development and utilization, sustainable urban development, etc.) 2) the scale of funds is decreasing year by year 3) the forms of cooperation are